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1、2024年步步高高考英语大一轮复习(新人教版)第一章应用文写作写作特点应用文是人们日常生活和工作中广泛使用的一种文体,也是高考写作的文体之一。命题形式多为文字提示,写作形式有书信(建议信、投诉信、邀请信、道歉信、感谢信、询问信、推荐信、祝贺信、求职信等)、电子邮件、日记、通知、报道、启事和发言稿等。评分原则1本题总分为15分,按5个档次评分。2评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后按该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。3词数少于60和多于100的,从总分中减去2分。4评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。5拼写与标
2、点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6如书写较差,以至于影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。评分标准档次描述第五档(很好):(1315分)完全完成了试题规定的任务。(1)覆盖所有内容要点;(2)应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;(3)语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力;(4)有效地使用了语句间的连接成分使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档(好):(1012分)完全完成了试题规定的任务。(1)虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容;(2)应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求
3、;(3)语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或较高级词汇所致;(4)应用简单的语句间的连接成分使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(适当):(79分)基本完成了试题规定的任务。(1)虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容;(2)应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求;(3)有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解;(4)应用简单的语句间的连接成分使全文内容连贯。整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(较差):(46分)未适当完成试题规定的任务。(1)漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关的内容;(2)语法结构单调,词汇项目有限;(3)有一些语法结构或
4、词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解;(4)较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。未能清楚地将信息传达给读者。第一档(差):(13分)未完成试题规定的任务。(1)明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关的内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求;(2)语法结构单调,词汇项目有限;(3)较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解;(4)缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。未能将信息传达给读者。0分未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。一、邀请信邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信。在写作时,要注意邀请信的交际性,语气要真挚,避免带有不礼貌或强人所难的字
5、眼。根据邀请信的性质可将其分为普通邀请信和正式邀请信。普通邀请信对内容和格式的要求都不高,只要说明活动的内容、时间、地点等即可。正式邀请信的措辞要正式,语气要热情有礼,态度要诚恳。邀请信的末尾都要表达希望对方参加或出席的愿望。具体写作结构如下:1I am writing to invite you to.我写信邀请你2It is a great privilege/honor for me to invite you to take part in/participate in.to be held in.on.我很荣幸邀请你参加在举行的3I feel it a great honor on
6、behalf of.to invite you to take part in/participate in.我很荣幸代表邀请你参加4Would you give the pleasure of doing.at.with us?你能赏光和我们在做吗?5I would feel much honored if you could come.如果你能来,我将深感荣幸。6I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into account.Looking forward to your early reply.如果你能考虑我的邀请,我
7、将不胜感激。期待你的早日回复。(2022新高考全国)假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华,请给外教Caroline写一封邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括:1.节目介绍;2.访谈的时间和话题。注意:1.词数80左右;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。满分佳作名师点评Dear Caroline,I am writing the letter to invite you to an interview held by “Talk and Talk”,which is an English programme in our school broadcast station
8、.As you know,our programme starts at 10 am.and ends at 11 am.every Tuesday.Besides,the topic is about how to improve our spoken English.You can give us some suggestions about it.It is certain that all students will benefit much from your speech.I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation i
9、nto account.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua1.文章开头简明扼要地介绍了写信目的,表达邀请对方参加的愿望。使用了邀请信的套语:I am writing the letter to invite you to.。而且自然地介绍了要点1:节目介绍。2.文章主体部分介绍了访谈的时间和话题。使用了一些亮点词汇:improve,suggestions,benefit和高级句式:主语从句It is certain that all students will benefit much from your spe
10、ech.3.文章结尾使用了邀请信的套语:I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into account.Looking forward to your early reply.表达了希望对方接受邀请的愿望。(2023广东佛山禅城区调研)假定你是李华,中国国际展览中心(China International Exhibition Center)最近正在举办智能机器人展览。请写信给你的英国交换生朋友Arthur,邀请他一起去参观。内容包括:1时间和地点;2展览的相关情况。注意:1.词数80左右;2开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
11、Dear Arthur, Yours sincerely,Li Hua二、申请信申请信有很多种,比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等。写申请信的目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就、愿望等,所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容,应尽可能向对方说明本人的长处,以便给对方留下好印象,获得面谈的机会。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示,写作时除应注意格式上的要求外,也应注意审题全面,不能遗漏要点,并要注意人称和时态的变化,避免出现逻辑混乱。具体写作结构如下:1Having learned that your company needs.,I would like to ap
12、ply for the post.得知贵公司需要,我想申请这个职位。2Im looking for a job as.and would be grateful if you would consider me for such a post in your firm.我正在找一份的工作,如果你能考虑我在贵公司担任这个职位,我将不胜感激。3Im an excellent student,among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.My grades are among the best ones in my department.我是个优秀的学生,在我
13、班50名学生中名列前五名。我的成绩在系里名列前茅。 4I feel I am able/competent to meet the requirements you have listed.我觉得我有能力满足你所列的要求。5With good academic performance and practical working experience,I feel Im the right person youre looking for.我有优异的学习成绩和实际工作经验,我觉得我是你要找的人。6I have been learning English for more than 10 year
14、s with a good command of oral and written English,which enables me to communicate/interact with foreign friends fluently.我已经学了10多年英语,口语和书面语都掌握得很好,这使我能够流利地与外国朋友交流。7Being outgoing as well as warm-hearted,Im always ready to help those in need,which makes me feel good in return.我性格开朗,心地善良,总是乐于帮助有需要的人,这反
15、过来让我感觉很好。8Not only am I able to help others but also I can accumulate social experience.我不仅能帮助别人,而且能积累社会经验。9Im firmly convinced that/I hold a firm belief that by doing this,I can enhance my oral English and communication skills together with opening up a new range of vision.我坚信通过这样做,我可以提高我的英语口语和沟通能力
16、,同时开拓新的视野。10It would be appreciated if you could take my application into account/consideration.Looking forward to your earliest/earnest reply.如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。期待您的早日/认真回复。(2019全国 )假定你是李华,暑假在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者,内容包括:1写信目的;2个人优势;3能做的事情。注意:1.词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。满分佳作名师点评Dear Sir,I am
17、Li Hua,a student from China,who is studying in London during the summer holiday.Knowing an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month,I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.I have the following advantages.First of all,I speak English fluently,which allows me to commu
18、nicate with visitors without difficulty.Second,as a Chinese painting lover,I know a lot about this art form.If accepted,I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors,helping them know more about Chinese culture.I think I am qualified to be a volunteer.I would be grateful if you could give me a
19、 chance.Yours,Li Hua1.信的开头扼要地做了自我介绍,了解到要举办画展,表示有意要申请成为志愿者。使用了复杂结构定语从句和分词作状语,还使用了申请信的套语:I am writing to apply to.。2.信的主体部分介绍了自身的优势,使用了过渡性词语:First of all,Second;使用了复杂结构:非限制性定语从句、条件状语从句的省略结构和现在分词短语作状语。3.信的结尾使用了申请信的套语:I would be grateful if.表达了感谢和希望。假设你是一所英国高中的中国交换生李华。学校拟选拔一些优秀学生,利用暑假到社区为学生辅导汉语。你希望参加此活动
20、。请给校评选组写一封申请信,主要内容:1个人优势;2.你的计划。注意:1.词数80左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 三、建议信建议信是作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议,以便让对方接受自己的想法、主张并解决有关问题。建议信可以写给个人,就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法或观点;也可以写给某个组织或者机构,就改进其服务等提出建议或忠告。具体写作结构如下:1开头表达写信目的常用语(1)I am writing to give you some suggestions/offer you some advice.我写信给你一些建议/忠告。(2)I am writing t
21、o express my views concerning.我写信是要表达我关于的看法。(3)You have asked for my advice about.and I will try to make some useful suggestions here.关于你向我征求意见,在此我尽力提出一些有用的建议。2主体部分表达建议常用语(1)I think the most suitable.for you is.我认为对你来说最适合的是(2)I would like to suggest that.我想建议(3)Youd better./Its best to.你最好/最好是(4)As
22、far as I am concerned/In my opinion/As for me/From my point of view,it would be wise to take the following action.在我看来,采取如下行动是明智的。(5)For one thing.;for another.一方面,另一方面(6)If I were you,I would.如果我是你,我会(7)I think it would be more beneficial if you could.我认为如果你能将会更有益。3结尾表达希望常用语(1)I hope you will take
23、my advice into account/consideration seriously.我希望你会认真考虑我的建议。(2)I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions practical/useful/helpful.我希望你会发现这些建议实用/有用/有帮助。(3)I will be more than happy to see your improvements in this regard.看到你在这一方面取得进步我会非常高兴。你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行,有两条线路可以选择:“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim
24、来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信,内容包括:1.你建议的线路;2.你的理由;3.你的祝愿。注意:1.词数80左右;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。满分佳作名师点评Dear Jim,Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to China.I am writing to offer you some advice on which route to choose.Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai,both are highly recommended.P
25、ersonally,I prefer the one along the Yangtze,the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people.Moreover,the scenery along the river is amazing,with many well-known sightseeing spots.Thats why I think the trip alon
26、g the Yangtze will be a better choice.I hope you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously and will have a good time in China.Yours,Li Hua1.文章开头扼要地介绍了写信的目的,使用了建议信的套语:I am writing to offer you some advice.。2.书信的主体部分提出了自己的建议,使用了过渡性词语:Personally,Moreover;高级词汇:highly,recommend,prefer,civi
27、lization,amazing,well-known,sightseeing;还使用了复杂结构:why引导的表语从句。3.信的结尾使用了建议信的套语:I hope you will take my advice into account/consideration seriously and will have a good time in China.表达了希望。假定你是李华,你的好朋友Jim是一名高三学生。在最近的一次来信中,Jim提到因为书写不够美观、整洁,在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想,这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给Jim回信并针对他的问题提出建议。内容包括:1理解和安慰;2你的
28、建议。注意:1.词数80左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua四、感谢信感谢信是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的信件。在收到别人的邀请、受到别人的表扬或帮助后,被邀请者、被表扬者或被帮助者往往需要写一封感谢信。具体写作结构如下:1I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt/sincere/earnest thanks/gratitude to you for your.在这封信中,我要对你的表示衷心的/真诚的/诚挚的感谢。2Id like to
29、 express my thanks for.我想对表达我的感谢。3I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely support and assistance.我谨借此机会衷心感谢您给予我们的及时支持和帮助。4Without your help,.couldnt have done.没有你的帮助,不会5It was because of your help that.正是由于你的帮助6Please do not hesitate to let me know if t
30、here is anything I could do to pay you back.如果我能做些什么来回报你,请不要犹豫尽管告诉我。7My true gratitude is beyond the words description./Words fail to express my gratitude deep in my heart./No words are strong enough to convey how grateful I am.我真正的感激之情无法用言语来形容。/言语无法表达我内心深处的感激之情。假定你是李华,经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写
31、一封信,内容包括:1表示感谢;2.回顾Alex对你的帮助;3.临别祝愿。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。满分佳作名师点评Dear Alex,Im sorry to hear that you are going to return to your country very soon and Im writing this letter to express my gratitude for your help.First of all,thank you for helping me learn English.Without your help,I would no
32、t have made such great progress in English learning.Besides,what you told me about your country broadened my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign culture.I wish you all the best in the future and have a good journey.Yours,Li Hua1.文章开头扼要地介绍了写信的目的,使用了感谢信的套语:Im writing this letter to express my
33、gratitude for your help。2.书信的主体部分陈述了道谢的原因,使用了过渡性词语:First of all,Besides;高级词汇:make great progress,broaden,arouse;感谢信的套语:.thank you for.,Without your help,I would.;还使用了复杂结构:what引导的主语从句。3.信的结尾使用了感谢信的套语:I wish you all the best in the future and have a good journey.表达了祝愿。(2023广东茂名大联考)假定你是李华,你收到了英国朋友Mike寄
34、来的英文诗歌选集。请给他写一封感谢信,内容包括:1表示感谢;2回赠礼物;3你的祝愿。注意:1.词数80左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 五、道歉信道歉信通常是在因自己的过失或疏忽给别人带来了麻烦或损失并发觉的情况下,为了向对方表示歉意而写的信件。具体写作结构如下:1Im terribly/awfully sorry I couldnt.十分抱歉我不能2It is much to my regret that.我感到很遗憾3I feel it a great pity to.我感到非常遗憾4I have no choice but to say sorry to you.我别无选择,只能
35、向你道歉。5Anyhow,I sincerely hope that we can fix another time for.Will you be available this Sunday morning?无论如何,我真心希望我们可以再找一个时间这个星期天早上你有空吗?6Shall we put it off till.?我们把它推迟到好吗?7Please allow me to say sorry again.请允许我再次道歉。8Will you please accept my apologies?请你接受我的道歉,好吗?9I sincerely hope that you will
36、kindly accept my apologies.我由衷地希望你能宽容地接受我的歉意。10Once again,Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.对于造成的任何不便我再次表示歉意。(2021北京)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你和英国好友Jim原定本周末一起外出,你因故不能赴约。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括:1表达歉意并说明原因;2提出建议并给出理由。注意:1.词数100左右;2开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。满分佳作名师点评Dear Jim,Im sorry that I wont be able to go hiking with y
37、ou this Saturday.I began to cough yesterday morning,so I went to see a doctor.She told me it was a bad cold,and that I would have to stay at home for a few days.Id really like to spend some time with you.Is it OK with you if we take a trip to Zhangjiakou next Saturday?Its one of the host cities for
38、the 2022 Winter Olympics.Please let me know what you think.Once again,Im sorry about the inconvenience caused.Hope to hear from you soon.Yours,Li Hua1.文章开篇表明写作意图,表达歉意,使用了道歉信的套语:I am sorry that I wont.。随后解释不能赴约的原因,使用了so构成的并列句和省略that 的宾语从句。2.书信的主体部分提出了补救措施,再次相约。使用了复杂结构:if引导的条件状语从句,以及what引导的宾语从句。3.信的结尾使用了道歉信的套语:Once again,Im sorry about the inconvenience caused.再次道歉以表达其诚意。4.最后表达希望。假设你是李华,本打算今年暑假到美国去旅游,并和你的美国朋友Peter约好了旅行期间去拜访他,但因为疫情的影响你不能如约出行,请你根据以下要点给他写一封信:1表达歉意;2解释原因;3表达意愿。注意:1.词数80左右;2可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。