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1、2009年 12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a GreenCampus.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该Creating a Green CampusPart II
2、Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).For question 8-10,complete the senten
3、ces with the information given in the passage.Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aidGood grades and high tests scores still mattera lot一to many colleges as they award financial aid.But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound populatio
4、n incoming years,some schools are re-examining whether that aid,typically known as umerit aid”,is the most effectiveuse of precious institutional dollars.George Washington University in Washington,D.C.,for example,said last week that it would cut the value of itsaverage merit scholarships by about o
5、ne-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者),pouring the savings,aboutS2.5 million,into need-based aid.Allegheny College in Meadville,Pa.,made a similar decision three years ago.Now,Hamilton College in Clinton,N.Y.,says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether.No current merit-aidrecipie
6、nts will lose their scholarships,but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall2008.Not all colleges offer merit aid;generally,the more selective a school,the less likely it is to do so.Harvard andPrinceton,for example,offer generous need-based packages,but many fa
7、milies who don,t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats,merit aid can be an important revenue-builder becausemany recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarshi
8、p amount to keep the institution running.But for rankings-conscious schools in between,merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students andto improve their academic profits.They re trying to buy students,w says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.Studies show merit aid also tends t
9、o benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.“As we look to the future,we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,“says Monica Inzer,dean ofadmission and financial aid at Hamilton,which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years.During that time,it rose i
10、nUS News&World Reports ranking of the best liberal arts colleges,from 25 to 17.Merit aid,which benefited about 75 students a year,or about 4%of its student body,at a cost of about$1 milliona year,u served us well,“Inzer says,but“to be discounting the price for families that dont need financial aid d
11、oesnt feel right any more,Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid,which includes state,federal and institutionalgrants.But merit aid,offered primarily by schools and states,is growing faster,both overall and at the institutionallevel.Between 1995-96 and 2003-04,institution
12、al merit aid alone increased 212%,compared with 47%for need-basedgrants.At least 15 states also offer merit aid,typically in a bid to enroll top students in the stateT s public institutions.But in recent years,a growing chorus（异口 同声）of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice.Recent
13、 decisions by Hamilton and others may be a sign that people are starting to realize that there*s this destructivecompetition going on,“says Baum,co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role ofinstitutional aid not based on need.David Laird,president of the Minnesota Priva
14、te College Council,says many of his schools would like to reducetheir merit aid but fear that in doing so,they would lose top students to their competitors.“No one can take one-sided action,“says Laird,who is exploring whether to seek an exemption（豁免）federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can di
15、scuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid,“This is amerry-go-round that s going very fast,and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to breakaway by themselves.”A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families,who don t qual
16、ify forneed-based aid,that many have come to depend on it.And,as tuitions continue to increase,the line between merit andneed blurs.That s one reason Allegheny College doesn t plan to drop merit aid entirely.“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly
17、value thescholarship,“says Scott FriedhofG Allegheny?s vice president for enrollment.Emory University in Atlanta,which boasts a S4.7 billion endowment（捐赠），meanwhile,is taking anotherapproach.This year,it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families.At
18、 the same time,it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.“Yeah,we re playing the merit game,“acknowledges Tom Lancaster,associate dean for undergraduate education.But it has its strong point,too,he says.The fact of the matter is,its not just about the lowest-income people.ItJ s theaverage Americ
19、an middle-class family whos being priced out of the market.*A few words about merit-based aid:Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area,and is generally known asacademic,athletic and artistic merit scholarships.Academic merit scholarships are based on students
20、,grades,GPA and overall academic performance during highschool.They are typically meant fbr students going straight to college right after high school.However,there arescholarships fbr current college students with exceptional grades as well.These merit scholarships usually help studentspay tuition
21、bills,and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify.In some cases,students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel（突出）in sports of any kind,from footba
22、ll to track andfield events.Recommendation for these scholarships is required,since exceptional athletic performance has to berecognized by a coach or a refbree（裁判）.Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a give
23、n artistic area.This generally includes anycreative field such as art,design,fashion,music,dance or writing.Applying fbr artistic merit scholarships usuallyrequires that students submit a portfblio（选辑）of some sort,whether that includes a collection of artwork,a recordingof a musical perfbnnance or a
24、 video of them dancing.1.With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education,a number of colleges are.A）offering students more merit-based aid B）revising their financial aid policiesC）increasing the amount of financial aid D）changing their admission processes2.What did Allegheny College
25、 in Meadville do three years ago?A）It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.B）It added$2.5 million to its need-based aid program.C)It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.D)It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.3.The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colle
26、ges in offering merit aid is to.A)improve teaching quality B)boost their enrollmentsC)attract good students D)increase their revenues4.Monica Inzer,dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton,b e l i e v e s.A)it doesnJ t pay to spend$1 million a year to raise its rankingB)it gives students moti
27、vation to award academic achievementsC)it s illogical to use so much money on only 4%of its studentsD)it s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition5.In recent years,merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to.A)more government funding to colleges B)fierce co
28、mpetition among institutionsC)the increasing number of top students D)schools*improved financial situations6.What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid,according to David Laird?A)They would like to see it reduced.B)They regard it as a necessary evil.C)They think it does more harm
29、 than good.D)They consider it unfair to middle-class families.7.Why doesn t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?A)Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.B)With rising incomes,fewer students are applying for need-based aid.C)Many students from middle-i
30、ncome families have come to rely on it.D)Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.8.Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients r e ma i n.9.Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who the
31、irexceptional athletic performance.10.Applicants fbr artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their in a particular artisticfieldPart UI Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of
32、eachconversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which the best answer is.Then mark the co
33、rresponding letter onAnswer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11.A)Get some small change.B)Find a shopping center.C)Cash a check at a bank.D)Find a parking meter.12.A)Shopping with his son.B)Buying a gift for a child.C)
34、Promoting a new product.D)Bargaining with a salesgirl.13.A)Taking photographs.B)Enhancing images.C)Mending cameras.D)Painting pictures.14.A)He moved to Baltimore when he was young.B)He can provide little useful information.C)He will show the woman around Baltimore.D)He will ask someone else to help
35、the woman.15.A)He is rather disappointed.B)He is highly ambitious.C)He can t face up to the situation D)He knows his own limitation.16.A)She must have paid a lot B)She is known to have a terrific figure.C)Her gym exercise has yielded good results.D)Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.17.A)
36、Female students arc unfit for studying physics.B)He can serve as the woman s tutor.C)Physics is an important course at school.D)The professor?s suggestion is constructive.18.A)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Surprised.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)He pr
37、efers the smaller evening classes.B)He has signed up fbr a day course.C)He has to work during the day.D)He finds the evening course cheaper.20.A)Learn a computer language.B)Learn data processing.C)Buy some computer software.D)Buy a few coursebooks.21.A)Thursday evening,from 7:00 to 9:45.B)From Septe
38、mber 1 to New Year*s eve.C)Every Monday,lasting fbr 12 weeks.D)Three hours a week,45 hours in total.22.A)What to bring fbr registration.B)Where to attend the class.C)How he can get to Frost Hall.D)Whether he can use a check.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A)A
39、training coach.B)A trading adviser.C)A professional manager.D)A financial trader.24.A)He can save on living expenses.B)He considers cooking creative.C)He can enjoy healthier food.D)He thinks take-away is tasteless.25.A)It is something inevitable.B)It is frustrating sometimes.C)It takes patience to m
40、anage.D)It can be a good thing.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear somequestions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A
41、),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A)There were no planets without moons.B)There was no air or water on Jupiter.C)Life was not possible in outer space.D)
42、The mystery of life could not be resolved.27.A)It has a number of active volcanoes.B)It has an atmosphere like the earth s.C)It has a large ocean under its surface.D)It has deep caves several miles long.28.A)Light is not an essential element to it.B)Life can form in very hot temperatures.C)Every for
43、m of life undergoes evolution.D)Oxygen is not needed fbr some life forms.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.A)Whether they should take the child home.B)What Dr.Mayer*s instructions exactly were.C)Who should take care of the child at home.D)When the child wo
44、uld completely recover.30.A)She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.B)She makes them write down all her instructions.C)She has them act out what they are to do at home.D)She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.31.A)It lacks the stability of the printed word.B)It contains many
45、 grammatical errors.C)It is heavily dependent on the context.D)It facilitates interpePassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.A)Job security.B)Good labour relations.C)Challenging work.D)Attractive wages and benefits.33.A)Many tedious jobs continue to be done ma
46、nually.B)More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C)Computers will change the nature of many jobs.D)Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.34.A)Offer them chances of promotion.B)Improve their working conditions.C)Encourage them to compete with each other.D)Give them responsibilities as p
47、art of a team.35.A)They will not bring real benefits to the staff.B)They concern a small number of people only.C)They arc arbitrarily set by the administrators.D)They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear a passage three times.When the passage i
48、s read for the first time,you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time,you are required tofill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing infor
49、mation.For these blanks,you can either use the exact wordsyou have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally,when the passage is read for thethird time,you should check what you have written.In the humanities,authors write to inform you in many ways.These methods can be(36)i
50、nto three typesof informational writing:factual,descriptive,and process.Factual writing provides(37)information on an author,composer,or artist or on a type of music,literature,or art.Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or(38)cover and longer pieces,such as anarticle describin