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1、2010t e x t lTh e l o n g e s t b u l l r u n i n a c e n t u r y o f a r t-m a r k e t h i s t o r y e n d e d o n a d r a m a t i c n o t e w i t h a s a l eo f 56 w o r k s b y Da m i e n Hi r s t,uB e a u t i f u l In s i d e M y He a d Fo r e v e r”,a t S o t h e b y s i n Lo n d o n o nS e p t
2、 e m b e r 15t h 2008.Al l b u t t w o p i e c e s s o l d,f e t c h i n g m o r e t h a n 70m,a r e c o r d f o r a s a l e b ya s i n g l e a r t i s t.It w a s a l a s t v i c t o r y.As t h e a u c t i o n e e r c a l l e d o u t b i d s,i n N e w Y o r k o n e o ft h e o l d e s t b a n k s o n
3、 W a l l S t r e e t,Le h m a n B r o t h e r s,f i l e d f o r b a n k r u p t c y.Th e w o r l d a r t m a r k e t h a d a l r e a d y b e e n l o s i n g m o m e n t u m f o r a w h i l e a f t e r r i s i n g b e w i l d e r i n g l ys i n c e 2003.At i t s p e a k i n 2007 i t w a s w o r t h s
4、 o m e$65 b i l l i o n,r e c k o n s Cl a r e M c An d r e w,f o u n d e ro f Ar t s Ec o n o m i c s,a r e s e a r c h f i r m-d o u b l e t h e f i g u r e f i v e ye a r s e a r l i e r.S i n c e t h e n i t m a y h a v ec o m e d o w n t o$50 b i l l i o n.B u t t h e m a r k e t g e n e r a t
5、e s i n t e r e s t f a r b e yo n d i t s s i ze b e c a u s e i t b r i n g st o g e t h e r g r e a t w e a l t h,e n o r m o u s e g o s,g r e e d,p a s s i o n a n d c o n t r o v e r s y i n a w a y m a t c h e d b y f e wo t h e r i n d u s t r i e s.In t h e w e e k s a n d m o n t h s t h a
6、 t f o l l o w e d M r Hi r s t,s s a l e,s p e n d i n g o f a n y s o r t b e c a m e d e e p l yu n f a s h i o n a b l e,e s p e c i a l l y i n N e w Y o r k,w h e r e t h e b a i l-o u t o f t h e b a n k s c o i n c i d e d w i t h t h e l o s so f t h o u s a n d s o f j o b s a n d t h e f
7、i n a n c i a l d e m i s e o f m a n y a r t-b u yi n g i n v e s t o r s.In t h e a r t w o r l dt h a t m e a n t c o l l e c t o r s s t a ye d a w a y f r o m g a l l e r i e s a n d s a l e r o o m s.S a l e s o f c o n t e m p o r a r y a r t f e l lb y t w o-t h i r d s,a n d i n t h e m o s
8、 t o v e r h e a t e d s e c t o r-f o r Ch i n e s e c o n t e m p o r a r y a r t t h e y w e r e d o w nb y n e a r l y 90%i n t h e ye a r t o N o v e m b e r 2008.W i t h i n w e e k s t h e w o r l d s t w o b i g g e s t a u c t i o n h o u s e s,S o t h e b yJ s a n d Ch r i s t i e,s,h a d
9、t o p a y o u t n e a r l y$200m i n g u a r a n t e e s t o c l i e n t s w h o h a d p l a c e dw o r k s f o r s a l e w i t h t h e m.Th e c u r r e n t d o w h i u r r；i nt h e a r t m a r k e t i s t h e w o r s t s i n c e t h e Ja p a n e s e s t o p p e d b u yi n gIm p r e s s i o n i s t
10、s a t t l e e n d o fs i n c e t h e S e c o n d W o H1989,a m o v e t h a t s t a r t e d t h e m o s t s e r i o u s c o n t rTh i sa c t i o n i n t h e m a r k e t -koii I h,r J 1()：，down on l hr i fp e a k o n a v e r a g e,t h c Hi s o m e h a v e l)e e n f a r I I u c t n a n t.B u t Fu l w u
11、 r d Do I n i i i i!,Ch r i s i s ch(?I e x e c u t i v e,s a ys:1 m p r e t t y c o n f i d e n t w e r e a t t h e b o t t o m.”W h a t m a k e s t h i s s l u m p d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e l a s t,h e s a ys,i s t h a t t h e r e a r e s t i l l b u ye r s i nt h e m a r k e t,w h e r e a s
12、 i n t h e e a r l y 1990s,w h e n i n t e r e s t r a t e s w e r e h i g h,t h e r e w a s n o d e m a n d e v e nt h o u g h m a n y c o l l e c t o r s w a n t e d t o s e l l.Ch r i s t i e,s r e v e n u e s i n t h e f i r s t h a l f o f 2009 w e r e s t i l lh i g h e r t h a n i n t h e f i
13、 r s t h a l f o f 2006.Al m o s t e v e r yo n e w h o w a s i n t e r v i e w e d f o r t h i s s p e c i a l r e p o r ts a i d t h a t t h e b i g g e s t p r o b l e m a t t h e m o m e n t i s n o t a l a c k o f d e m a n d b u t a l a c k o f g o o d w o r k t os e l l.Th e t h r e e Ds一d e
14、a t h,d e b t a n d d i v o r c e s t i l l d e l i v e r w o r k s o f a r t t o t h e m a r k e t.B u t a n yo n ew h o d o e s n o t h a v e t o s e l l i s k e e p i n g a w a y,w a i t i n g f o r c o n f i d e n c e t o r e t u r n.21.In t h e f i r s t p a r a g r a p h,Da m i e n Hi r s t*s
15、s a l e w a s r e f e r r e d t o a s a l a s t victory because.A.t h e a r t m a r k e t h a d w i t n e s s e d a s u c c e s s i o n o f v i c t o r i e sB.t h e a u c t i o n e e r f i n a l l y g o t t h e t w o p i e c e s a t t h e h i g h e s t b i d sC.B e a u t i f u l In s i d e M y He a
16、d Fo r e v e r w o n o v e r a l 1 m a s t e r p i e c e sD.i t w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y m a d e j u s t b e f o r e t h e w o r l d f i n a n c i a l c r i s i s22.B y s a yi n g “s p e n d i n g o f a n y s o r t b e c a m e d e e p l y u n f a s h i o n a b l e”(Li n e 1-2,Pa r a.3),t h e a
17、u t h o rs u g g e s t s t h a t _ _ _ _ _.A.c o l l e c t o r s w e r e n o l o n g e r a c t i v e l y i n v o l v e d i n a r t-m a r k e t a u c t i o n sB .p e o p l e s t o p p e d e v e r y k i n d o f s p e n d i n g a n d s t a ye d a w a y f r o m g a l l e r i e sC.a r t c o l l e c t i o
18、 n a s a f a s h i o n h a d l o s t i t s a p p e a l t o a g r e a t e x t e n tD.w o r k s o f a r t i n g e n e r a l h a d g o n e o u t o f f a s h i o n s o t h e y w e r e n o t w o r t h b u yi n g23.W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s N OT t r u e?A.S a l e s o f
19、c o n t e m p o r a r y a r t f e l l d r a m a t i c a l l y f r o m 2007 t o 2008.B.Th e a r t m a r k e t s u r p a s s e d m a n y o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s i n m o m e n t u m.C.Th e m a r k e t g e n e r a l l y w e n t d o w n w a r d i n v a r i o u s w a ys.D.S o m e a r t d e a l e r s
20、 w e r e a w a i t i n g b e t t e r c h a n c e s t o c o m e.24.Th e t h r e e Ds m e n t i o n e d i n t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h a r e _ _ _A.a u c t i o n h o u s e s f a v o r i t e sB.c o n t e m p o r a r y t r e n d sC.f a c t o r s p r o m o t i n g a r t w o r k c i r c u l a t i o n
21、I),s t yl e s r e p r e s e n t i n g i m p r e s s i o n i s t s25.Th e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e t i t l e f o r t h i s t e x t c o u l d b e _ _A.Fl u c t u a t i o n o fB.U p-t o-d a t e Ar tC.Ar t M a r k e t i nD.S h i f t e d In t e r eAr t Pr i c e sAu c t i o n sDe c l i n es t i n Ar
22、t s2010Te x t 2I w a s a d d r e s s i n g a s m a l l g a t h e r i n g i n a s u b u r b a n V i r g i n i a l i v i n g r o o m-a w o m e n,s g r o u p t h a th a d i n v i t e d m e n t o j o i n t h e m.Th r o u g h o u t t h e e v e n i n g o n e m a n h a d b e e n p a r t i c u l a r l y t a
23、 l k a t i v e,f r e q u e n t l y o f f e r i n g i d e a s a n d a n e c d o t e s,w h i l e h i s w i f e s a t s i l e n t l y b e s i d e h i m o n t h e c o u c h.To w a r d t h e e n d o f t h e e v e n i n g I c o m m e n t e d t h a t w o m e n f r e q u e n t l y c o m p l a i n t h a t t
24、h e i r h u s b a n d sd o n，t t a l k t o t h e m.Th i s m a n q u i c k l y n o d d e d i n a g r e e m e n t.He g e s t u r e d t o w a r d h i s w i f e a n d s a i d,S h e s t h e t a l k e r i n o u r f a m i l y.z，Th e r o o m b u r s t i n t o l a u g h t e r;t h e m a n l o o k e d p u zzl
25、e d a n d h u r t.It s t r u e,“h e e x p l a i n e d.W h e n I c o m e h o m e f r o m w o r k,I h a v e n o t h i n g t o s a y.If s h e d i d n tk e e p t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n g o i n g,w e d s p e n d t h e w h o l e e v e n i n g i n s i l e n c e.”Th i s e p i s o d e c r ys t a l l i z
26、e s t h e i r o n y t h a t a l t h o u g h Am e r i c a n m e n t e n d t o t a l k m o r e t h a n w o m e ni n p u b l i c s i t u a t i o n s,t h e y o f t e n t a l k l e s s a t h o m e.An d t h i s p a t t e r n i s w r e a k i n g h a v o c w i t hm a r r i a g e.Th e p a t t e r n w a s o b
27、 s e r v e d b y p o l i t i c a l s c i e n t i s t An d r e w Ha c k e r i n t h e l a t e 1970s.S o c i o l o g i s tCa t h e r i n e Ko h l e r Ri e s s m a n r e p o r t s i n h e r n e w b o o k Di v o r c e Ta l k t h a t m o s t o f t h e w o m e n s h ei n t e r v i e w e d一b u t o n l y a
28、f e w o f t h e m e n g a v e l a c k o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n a s t h e r e a s o n f o r t h e i r d i v o r c e s.Gi v e n t h e c u r r e n t d i v o r c e r a t e o f n e a r l y 50 p e r c e n t,t h a t a m o u n t s t o m i l l i o n s o f c a s e s i n t h eU n i t e d S t a t e s e v e
29、 r y ye a r -a v i r t u a l e p i d e m i c o f f a i l e d c o n v e r s a t i o n.In m y o w n r e s e a r c h c o m p l a i n t s f r o m w o m e n a b o u t t h e i r h u s b a n d s m o s t o f t e n f o c u s e d n o t o nt a n g i b l e i n e q u i t i e s s u c h a s h a v i n g g i v e n u
30、 p t h e c h a n c e f o r a c a r e e r t o a c c o m p a n y a h u s b a n d t o2his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning,cooking,socialarrangements and errands.Instead they focused on communication:He doesn,t listen to me Hedoesn，t talk to me.I found as Hack
31、er observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of theirwives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon sceneof a man sitting at the breakfast table with
32、 a newspaper held up in front of his face,whilea woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.26.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.I).Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Par
33、a.2)most probably means_.A.generating motivation.B.exerting influence(.(ansi ng dainageHD.croat i ng pressure28.All of the Io I I are i 卜A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication
34、 between couplesD.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectati
35、ons from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus onA.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons
36、for a high divorce rate in the U.S.3D.a b r i e f i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e p o l i t i c a l s c i e n t i s t An d r e w Ha c k e r2010Text 3Ov e r t h e p a s t d e c a d e,m a n y c o m p a n i e s h a d p e r f e c t e d t h e a r t o f c r e a t i n g a u t o m a t i c b e h a v i o r
37、s h a b i t s -a m o n g c o n s u m e r s.Th e s e h a b i t s h a v e h e l p e d c o m p a n i e s e a r n b i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s w h e nc u s t o m e r s e a t s n a c k s,a p p l y l o t i o n s a n d w i p e c o u n t e r s a l m o s t w i t h o u t t h i n k i n g,o f t e n i n r e
38、 s p o n s et o a c a r e f u l l y d e s i g n e d s e t o f d a i l y c u e s.“Th e r e a r e f u n d a m e n t a l p u b l i c h e a l t h p r o b l e m s,l i k e d i r t y h a n d s i n s t e a d o f a s o a p h a b i t,t h a t r e m a i n k i l l e r s o n l y b e c a u s e w e c a n t f i g u
39、r e o u t h o w t o c h a n g e p e o p l e,s h a b i t s,Dr.Cu r t i s s a i d.W e w a n t e d t o l e a r n f r o m p r i v a t e i n d u s t r y h o w t o c r e a t e n e w b e h a v i o r s t h a t h a p p e na u t o m a t i c a l l y.Th e c o m p a n i e s t h a t Dr.Cu r t i s t u r n e d t o
40、-Pr o c t e r&Ga m b l e,Co l g a t e-Pa l m o l i v e a n dU n i l e v e r h a d i n v e s t e d h u n d r e d s o f m i l l i o n s o f d o l l a r s f i n d i n g t h e s u b t l e c u e s i n c o n s u m e r sl i v e s t h a t c o r p o r a t i o n s c o u l d u s e t o i n t r o d u c e n e w r
41、 o u t i n e s.I f you ook 捌】。ugh,1 1 *I I f i nd t li；i l i 由 inv 川 i s，k一 e rv d；iy chewing-g u m s,s k i n m o i s t u r i ze r s,d i s i n f e c t i n g w i p e s,i i I w；i l ei i)m i(-rs,i(i 11 li snucks.Hi i i i p t f s p i r a n i s,()l o g n c s,t e e t h w h i UM ICI-S,f a b r i c s o f t e
42、 n e r s,v i t a m i n sm a n u f a c t u r e d h a b i t sd a y.To d a y,b e c a u s eA c e n t u r y a g o,f e w p e o p Ie r e g u l a r l y b r u s h e d t h e i r t e c一 a r e r e s u l t s o ft h m u l t i p l e t i m e s ao c a n n i a v e n i a n p u l i e m a m p n s i i a n l m e r i c a n
43、 s h a b i t u a l 1 yg i v e t h e i r p e a r l y w h i t e s a c a v i t y-p r e v e n t i n g s c r u b t w i c e a d a y,o f t e n w i t h Co l g a t e,Cr e s t o ro n e o f t h e o t h e r b r a n d s.A f e w d e c a d e s a g o,m a n y p e o p l e d i d n t d r i n k w a t e r o u t s i d e o
44、 f a m e a l.Th e n b e v e r a g ec o m p a n i e s s t a r t e d b o t t l i n g t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f f a r-o f f s p r i n g s,a n d n o w o f f i c e w o r k e r s u n t h i n k i n g l ys i p b o t t l e d w a t e r a l l d a y l o n g.Ch e w i n g g u m,o n c e b o u g h t p r i m a r
45、 i l y b y a d o l e s c e n t b o ys,i s n o wf e a t u r e d i n c o m m e r c i a l s a s a b r e a t h f r e s h e n e r a n d t e e t h c l e a n s e r f o r u s e a f t e r a m e a l.S k i nm o i s t u r i ze r s a r e a d v e r t i s e d a s p a r t o f m o r n i n g b e a u t y r i t u a l s
46、,s l i p p e d i n b e t w e e n h a i r b r u s h i n ga n d p u t t i n g o n m a k e u p.“Ou r p r o d u c t s s u c c e e d w h e n t h e y b e c o m e p a r t o f d a i l y o r w e e k l y p a t t e r n s,“s a i d Ca r o lB e r n i n g,a c o n s u m e r p s yc h o l o g i s t w h o r e c e n t
47、l y r e t i r e d f r o m Pr o c t e r&Ga m b l e,t h e c o m p a n y t h a ts o l d$76 b i l l i o n o f Ti d e,Cr e s t a n d o t h e r p r o d u c t s l a s t ye a r.uCr e a t i n g p o s i t i v e h a b i t s i s ah u g e p a r t o f i m p r o v i n g o u r c o n s u m e r s ,l i v e s,a n d i t
48、 s e s s e n t i a l t o m a k i n g n e w p r o d u c t sc o m m e r c i a l l y v i a b l e.”Th r o u g h e x p e r i m e n t s a n d o b s e r v a t i o n,s o c i a l s c i e n t i s t s l i k e Dr.B e r n i n g h a v e l e a r n e d t h a tt h e r e i s p o w e r i n t yi n g c e r t a i n b e h
49、 a v i o r s t o h a b i t u a l c u e s t h r o u g h r e l e n t l e s s a d v e r t i s i n g.Ast h i s n e w s c i e n c e o f h a b i t h a s e m e r g e d,c o n t r o v e r s i e s h a v e e r u p t e d w h e n t h e t a c t i c s h a v e b e e nu s e d t o s e l l q u e s t i o n a b l e b e
50、a u t y c r e a m s o r u n h e a l t h y f o o d s.431.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soapA should be further cultivatedB should be changed graduallyC are deeply rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned i