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1、中考英语重要考点词语精讲1.informationinformation是不可数名词,意为“信息,情报”,常用some,much,a great deal of等修饰。表示“一条消息”用 a piece of information。【例】A great deal of information can be stored in the computer.计算机能储存大量的信息。【拓展】辨析information,news与messageinformation 表示通过打听、观察及学习获得的资料。news是不可数名词,意为“消息,新闻”,指通过广播、电视及报纸报道的事。message是可数名词,
2、意为“口信,消息”,指通过口头或笔头传递给他人的消息。I like listening to news on the radio.我喜欢听广播新闻。Sorry,he isnt in.Could you leave a message?对不起,他不在家,请你留个口信好吗?2.past(1)past作介词,意为“经过,穿过”。【例】Go past the hospital, and you will see the post office.经过医院,你就会看到邮局。(2)past作名词,意为“过去”。【例】Alice has traveled a lot in the past.爱丽丝在过去旅游了
3、许多地方。(3)past作形容词,意为“过去的,前任的”。【例】Great changes have taken place in the past 20 years.在过去的20年里发生了巨大的变化。【拓展】pass作动词,意为“经过,传递”;pass作名词,意为“关口,通过”。【例】The school bus passed our garden.校车经过了我们的花园。Please pass me the book.请把书递给我。He has got a pass mark.他达到了及格标准。3.dependdepend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等,只用作不及物动词,通常与介词 on,
4、upon 连用,主要用法有:(1) depend on/upon某人或某物Whether well go camping depends on the weather.我们是否去野营要看天气。有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.儿童的衣食靠父母。(2)depend on upon从句Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。The amount you pay depends on
5、where you live.你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。(3)口语中说 It (all) depends./That depends.意为“那要看情况”。Are you going too? 你也去吗?That depends.那要看情况。4.correct(1)correct作形容词,意为“正确的;合适的;恰当的”,【例】Do homework or read in a correct way用正确的方法做作业或者读书。The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.正确答案在第8页末尾。I think English me
6、n are very polite and very correct.我认为英国人很有礼貌,举止非常得体。(2)correct 作动词意为“改正,校正,改错,批改”等,【例】It takes him a lot of time to correct the students homework.批改学生的作业花费他很多时间。He may need surgery to correct the problem.他可能需要手术来矫正这一问题。5.course(1)course 作名词,意为“课程”,是可数名词,其复数为courses。【例】He flunked the course.他考试不及格。T
7、he college course was then cut to three years.大学学制那时缩短到三年。(2) course 作名词还可以意为“球场、一道菜、道路;线路”等。【例】There is an elaborate five-course meal.这儿有五道菜的美餐。The ship has altered its course.这艘船改变了航线。The country club has a golf course.该地区俱乐部拥有高尔夫球场。【拓展】course常用搭配有:of course 自然,当然in the course of discussion 在讨论期间a
8、 matter of course 当然的事情6.besidebeside作方位介词,以为“在旁边”,【例】I moved from behind my desk to sit beside her.我从桌子后面走到她身边坐了下来。His room is beside mine.他的房间紧挨着我的房间。【拓展】besides“除之外(还有)”指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意。【例】Besides milk, we need vegetables.除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜。Besides different types of gas, we can also use ele
9、ctricity (电) to run our cars.除了气体之外,电也可以用来发动汽车。7.look forward tolook forward to 意思是“期待,盼望”,to是介词,后面接名词或者动名词。I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望能自己一人在这所房子。We look forward to the return of spring.我们期待着春天的到来。【拓展】虽然介词to与动词不定式符号to在形式上相同,但用法各异。主要区别归纳如下:(1)介词to表示“向、往、对于 ” 等,既可以指时间、方向、距离、对象或结果,又可
10、以指程度、直接或间接关系,后面必须接名词、代词等构成介词短语。Japan is to the east ofChina.日本在中国的东面。Lets drink to his health. 让我们为他的健康干杯。He tied the monkey to the tree.他把猴子拴在树上。(2)动词不定式符号to无词义,后面必须接动词原形,构成不定式短语。To play computer games is wrong.玩电脑游戏是错误的。My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。I wish to go there.我希望去那儿。8.mean(1)mean可以用
11、作及物动词,意为“意欲,计划”。【例】I mean you to spend this money for your daughter.我是想让你用这笔款为你女儿买些东西的。(2)mean还可以表示“预示”的意思。【例】This snow means no sport this afternoon.这场雪使今天下午的体育活动搞不成了。(3)mean还可以指“(字、句等)意指,意味”的意思。A dictionary tells you what words mean.词典告诉你词语的含义。【拓展】辨析:mean to do, mean doing;mean to do是“打算,企图”的意思。me
12、an doing是表示“意味着”的意思。【例】I had meant to leave on Sunday.我本打算周日走。Missing the train means waiting for another hour.赶不上火车意味着要再等一个小时。9.silentsilent是形容词,意为“沉默的;无言的”,其名词形式为silence。【例】We shouldnt keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions.当老师问我们问题时,我们不应该保持沉默。She was silent when her mother asked her
13、questions.她妈妈问她问题她沉默不语。【拓展】calm; still; quiet与silent的辨析:calm镇静的;平静的指不受干扰时的宁静、平静;指人时表示沉着的、镇定的。still不动的;静止的指物理上的安静状态。quiet安静的;静止的指寂静的状态,没有吵闹、骚乱,指人表示娴静、文静。silent沉默的;无言的主要指人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。When we face danger, we should keep calm.面对危险,我们应该保持沉着、冷静。The baby kept still when she was taking photos.当给这个婴儿
14、拍照时,她一动也不动。Be quiet, everyone.The teacher is coming.同学们,安静!老师来了。10.helpfulhelpful 形容词,意为“有帮助的”。【例】The dictionary is very helpful to me.那本字典对我很有帮助。helpful是由动词help加后缀“-ful”构成的形容词。动词加后缀“-ful”变成形容词,是一种常见的构词法,类似的这样的词还有很多。【例】care carefuluse usefulwonderwonderful11.score(1)score作动词,意为“得分;获胜”。【例】Hughes scor
15、ed two goals before half-time.休斯在上半场进了两个球.The army continued to score successes in the south.军队在南方不断取得胜利。(2)score作名词,意为“得分;二十;乐谱”。【例】I recorded the score in a notebook.我在笔记本上记下了分数。He bought two scores of apples yesterday.他昨天买了四十个苹果。Look at the score and try to play that song.看乐谱演奏一下那首曲子。12.interview
16、interview用作动词,意为“采访,面试”。be interviewed by意为“被采访”。【例】We are going to interview the manager of this company.我们将要采访这家公司的经理。He has interviewed a lot of people for the job.他已面试过很多应聘这份工作的人。13.dare(1)dare用作实义动词,意为“敢于;胆敢”。常构成短语dare to do sth.意为“敢于做某事”。有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句)。【例】He didnt dare to look at her
17、in the eye.他不敢正眼看她。Did he dare (to) tell her? 他敢告诉她吗? We dont dare (to) say anything.我们什么也不敢说。(2)dare可用作情态动词,用作情态动词时,意思是“敢”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether引导的从句中,一般不用于肯定句。【例】 I dont know whether he dare try.我不知他是否敢试一试。I darent ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。【注意】dare后通常不接动词的进行式。14.seldomseldom是副词,意为“很少
18、,不常”,反义词是often,通常置于行为动词之前,be动词,情态动词和助动词之后,是一个表示否定意义的副词。【例】Mr Brown seldom goes out.布朗先生很少外出。【拓展】always, usually, often, sometimes和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。(1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,意思是“总是”、“永远地”。【例】The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳总是东升西落。(2)usually 的频度为80%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即
19、很少有例外。【例】He usually goes to bed at ten oclock.他通常10点钟睡觉。(3)often 的频度为60%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。【例】He is often late for school.他上学经常迟到。(4) sometimes 的频度为40%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。【例】It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold.天气忽冷忽热。Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he doe
20、s it that way.他有时这样做,有时那样做。(5) seldom的频度为20%左右,意为“很少”、“不经常”。【例】I seldom go out these days.这些天我几乎不出门。(6) never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。【例】My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。15.pridepride是名词,意为“骄傲,自豪”。常用的结构:take pride in sth.意为“为某事骄傲”。They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous sc
21、ientist.他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。He is the pride of our city.他是我们城市的骄傲。【拓展】proud 是形容词,常用结构:be proud of sth.意为“以而骄傲”。I am very proud of being a Chinese.作为一名中国人我很自豪be proud to do sth.意为“为做某事而骄傲”。We are proud to be a league member.我们为成为团员而骄傲。16.absentabsent是形容词,意为“不在的;缺席的”。【例】How many students are absent today
22、?今天有多少学生缺席?Who is absent today?今天谁不在?【拓展】(1)absent的名词是absence,反义词是present,常用结构:be absent from意为“缺席”。与be away from同义。【例】Love was totally absent/away from his childhood.他童年时根本没有得到疼爱。The manager is absent/away from the meeting.经理缺席了会议。(2)absent-minded意为“心不在焉的;健忘的”,可用作表语或定语。【例】He is always absent-minded.他老是心不在焉。7