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1、 动名词-动词不定式讲义 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 非谓语动词 一、动词不定式 1、动词不定时的构成 不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（to+）动词原形。Although Jeff loves KFC,he tries _ it too often.A.to eat B.not eat C.to not eat D.not to eat 2、动词不定式的句法功能 1）动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：把不定式
2、置于句首。To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。To save money now seems impossible.现在好像不可能省钱。用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后.Its our duty to take good care of the old.It takes me two days to read the book.It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
3、It is stupid of you to write down everything(that)the teacher says.It seemed impossible to save money.考点拓展：it is+adj+for sb to do.it is+adj+of sb to do.的含义及区别 It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了.It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益.完成下列句子,试试:Its very difficult_ me to do it.Its very kind_you
4、 to do it for me.It is clever_him to come down without ropes.1.It was stupid _ me to talk in that way to my mother.2.It is very important _ us to master English.3.It was impossible _the little boy to carry such a heavy box.4.It is smart _ them to make good use of the Internet.2）不定式作宾语 1）有些谓语动词后只能用不定
5、式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：I plan to see a film this evening.I want to go to school.考点拓展：不定式常和疑问词 what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里。John asked David
6、how _ Christmas.A.celebrating B.to celebrate C.to be celebrated D.celebrate 2）在 find,think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。I find it easy to read English every day.I find _ him all about it.A.necessary to tell B.that necessary to C.necessary it to tell D.it necessary to tell 3）不定式作宾语补足语 句法功能动词不定式作主语动
7、词不定式作主语时句子的谓语动词常用单数其位置有以下两种把不定式置于句首骑自行区别你能帮我太好了运动对你有益完成下列句子试试不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语常见的这类词不知道去哪里在后跟不定式作宾语时常用代替而将真正的宾语放在后面不定式作宾语补足语精品好资料如有侵权请联精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.4、不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I m t
8、hirsty.Will you get me something _?A.drink B.to drink C.eat D.eating 如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Sally had no pen _yesterday morning.A.to write B.to write with C.writing D.writing with Have you decided _?A.to go with whom B.whom to go with C.whom go with D.with whom to go Would you please
9、pass me the knife _?A.to cut the watermelon with B.to cut the watermelon C.cutting the watermelon D.cutting the watermelon with 4）不定式作状语 The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people.A.holding B.hold C.to hold D.holds Today we use machines _ us do most of our work.A.to help B.help C.helping D.
10、helped 二、动名词 一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成 二、动名词的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语 介词宾语 I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamp
11、s is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。句法功能动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时句子的谓语动词常用单数其位置有以下两种把不定式置于句首骑自行区别你能帮我太好了运动对你有益完成下列句子试试不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语常见的这类词不知道去哪里在后跟不定式作宾语时常用代替而将真正的宾语放在后面不定式作宾语补足语精品好资料如有侵权
12、请联精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 小结 一后面可跟动词的 ing 形式的情况 1.动词：finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事；practice doing sth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider d oing sth.考虑做某事；suggest d oing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做某事 2.固定短语：feel like doing sth.喜欢做
13、某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth d oing 值得做某事；spend time(in)d oing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；have difficult/trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from d oing sth.；do w
14、ell in doing sth.；be afraid of d oing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to 作介词的情况 look forward to doing sth期望做某事；prefer d oing sth.to doing sth与相比较更喜欢；pay attention to d oing 注意做某事；be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为做贡献 二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agr
15、ee to d o 同意去做；afford to d o 买得起；decide to do 决定去做某事；hope to d o 希望去做；wish to do 希望去做；fail to do 做某事失败去；plan to do 打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to d o 拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seem to d o sth 好像做某事；want/woul d like to do sth.想做；used to
16、do sth.过去常做某事 2.句型.allow sb.to d o sth.允许某人去做某事 asked sb.(not)to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb.(not)to d o sth.叫某人去（不要）做某事 follow sb.to d o sth.跟随某人去做某事 get sb.to d o sth.让某人做某事 warn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth.对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 be excited to do sth.对做感到兴
17、奋 be frightened to do sth.害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to do sth.高兴去做某事 be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 be sorry to d o sth.对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to d o sth.对做某事感到惊奇 can t wait to do sth.迫不急待地去做某事 get/have a chance to do sth.得到一个做某事的机会 It s+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）怎么样 It s+adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.It t
18、akes sb.some time/money to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）It s best for sb.to d o sth.对某人来说做某事是最好的 It s time for sb.to d o sth.是某人做某事的时候了 too(for sb.)to 太以致不能=not enough to d o prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿而不愿something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在 something等后修饰这些 Sth.is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某
19、事很难/容易 take turns to d o sth.轮流做 There is no time(for sb.)to do sth.对（某人来说）没时间做某事了 There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.对某人来说没必要做某事 try/d o one s best to do sth.尽力去做某事 三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词 有些动词接 doing和 to do 意义相近像 like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。
20、如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大.like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作 like doing 表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。I like to swim this afternoon.I like swimming.2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：remember to do(记住去做)remember doing(记得做过)try to do(设法做)try doing(试着做)go on to do(接着做另一事)go on doing(继续做同一事)can t help to do(不能帮助做)can t help doing(情不自禁做)1、st
21、op to do(停下来去做)stop doing(停止做)*Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A.to have B.having C.have D.has *Lets have a rest,shall we?句法功能动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时句子的谓语动词常用单数其位置有以下两种把不定式置于句首骑自行区别你能帮我太好了运动对你有益完成下列句子试试不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语常见的这类词不知道去哪里在后跟不定式作宾语时常用代替而将真正的宾语放在后面不定式作宾语补足语精品好资料如有侵权请联精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除
22、精品好资料-如有侵权请联系网站删除 Not now,I cant stop _ the letters.A.write B.to write C.writing D.and write 2、forget to do(忘记去做)forget doing(忘记做过)*Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry,I forgot _ some money with me.A.take B.Taking C.to take D.took 四、省略 to 的动词不定式用法归纳 使役动词与 to 的省略 当不定式用于 let,make,have
23、等使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式必须省略 to。Let me _ another cup of tea.A.to have B.have C.having D.to having She had him_ away the snow.A.to sweep B.sweep C.sweeping D.to sweeping They made him_ them everything.A.to tell B.tell C.telling D.to telling 感觉动词与 to 的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词 feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,look a
24、t,listen to等作宾语补足语时，不定式必须省略 to.We all felt the house _.A.shaking B.shake C.to shake D.to shaking.I heard him _ down the stairs.A.to go B.going C.go D.went Did you notice her _ the house?A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.to leaving I watched her _ into the car.A.to get B.getting C.get D.got 在 had better
25、、would rather、may might as well、rather than等搭配之后，动词不定式也不带 to。You d better _ when you come in.A.not to wake up me B.not to wake me up C.not to wake up me D.not to wake me up“How about a drink?”“I d rather _ something to eat.”A.have B.to have C.had D.having 以 why 或 why not 开头引起的无主语中，动词不定式要省略 to。why no
26、t do sth?=why dont you do sth?I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going Why not _?A.let him to go home B.to let him go home C.let him go home D.to let him to go home 在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 的不定式，也可用带 to 的不定式。We re going to help _ the trees.A.watered B.watering C.to watering D.water 句法功能动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时句子的谓语动词常用单数其位置有以下两种把不定式置于句首骑自行区别你能帮我太好了运动对你有益完成下列句子试试不定式作宾语有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语常见的这类词不知道去哪里在后跟不定式作宾语时常用代替而将真正的宾语放在后面不定式作宾语补足语精品好资料如有侵权请联