《高考英语二轮复习课件（解析版）：第4模块-阅读填空（课程标准卷地区专用）（82页）.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语二轮复习课件（解析版）：第4模块-阅读填空（课程标准卷地区专用）（82页）.ppt（82页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题二十六议论文型阅读填空专题二十六议论文型阅读填空专题二十七说明文型阅读填空专题二十七说明文型阅读填空第四模块阅读填空第四模块阅读填空目录目录第四模块第四模块阅读阅读填空填空第四模块第四模块 考情分析考情分析【考纲解读考纲解读】该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及空处的最佳选项。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了考研阅读多项选择题的影
2、响，体现了新课标新课标“用英语获取、用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”阅读阅读和教学的理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与和教学的理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，考查目的和侧重点完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已不完全相同而已。考情分析考情分析【命题透视】第四模块第四模块 考情分析考情分析分析近三年的高考试题，可以看出阅读填空(七选五)有如下特点：1选材特点一般为280300词的说明文或议论文，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不
3、宜于考查逻辑思维能力，一般较少出现。2设空特点设空类型一般有标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、概括总结类及其他类。第四模块第四模块 考情分析考情分析3选项特点该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。4语言特点注重选取贴近考生生活的、新颖的、时代感强的材料，以体现考纲中明确提出的“命题重视新材料、新情境 的创设与运用，测试考生的语言综合运用能力”的指导思想。重点考查考生理解短文的主
4、旨和基本结构，并作出简单判断和推理的能力。第四模块第四模块 考情分析考情分析第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究从从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生主要考查考生对文对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以把该题型分为如下三类：主旨概括句可以把该题型分为如下三类：主旨概括句(文章整体内容文章整体内容)、过渡性句子过渡性句子(文章结构文章结构)和注释性句子和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义上下文逻辑意义)。探究点一主旨概括型探究点一主旨概括型从考查的对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：从考查的对象
5、上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种：(1)篇章主篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。次是末段或为几段主题的综合。(2)段落主旨：针对某一段或段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，题型探究题型探究也可能不在此(几)句，需要从上下文中寻找或总结。从考查的内容上划分，还可分为主题类(内容)(考查文章或段落的主旨大意)、目的类(考查文章或段落的写作目的)和标题类(要求考生选出文章的最佳标题)三种。此题主要考查考生对文段整体主要内
6、容的理解概括与抽取能力。考生需要分析文章的篇章结构，抓住文章的开头或结尾，从而找出能概括文章的主题句，然后在备选项中选出一项能与主题句意思最大程度上相匹配的选项，就是这道题目的正确答案。第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究探究点二行文逻辑型一篇文章各段落之间都存在着一定的逻辑联系，而这种逻辑联系通常情况下都体现在段落的开头和结尾。要求考生根据所阅读的短文推测出该文章的前一段或后一段的内容。因此，考生要充分理解测试材料、分析语篇特点、仔细寻找解题依据。在寻求解题依据时，千万不可忽视对篇章结构的分析。例如：论说文是用理由、论据来说明作者观点的，如果所选段落仅叙述其中一点，那么该段落的上、下文可能是对
7、另一点的叙述。如果是用比较对比的手法来组织的文章，所选段落仅论述比较，则该文的上、下文可能论述对比。第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究文章的行文逻辑主要是靠连接性词语来表现的，常见的逻辑关系有：承接关系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result等)，并列关系(如first,second,third；for one thing,for another thing等)，转折关系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,in contrast,by contrast
8、等)，层递关系(如also,further,furthermore,not onlybut also等)。做题时考生可以利用这些特点轻松解题。第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究例2012北京卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EmpathyLast year,researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy,the ability to understand other people,among college students had dropped sha
9、rply over the past 10 years.71._ Today,people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究Jennifer Freed,a codirector of a teen program,has another explanation.Turn on the TV,and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting,competing,and
10、generally treating one another with no respect.72._There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.Humans are socially related by nature.73._ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high selfrespect.Besides,empathy can be a cure for loneliness,sadness,an
11、xiety,and fear.第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact,Freed says,many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.74._“Academics are important.But if you dont have emotional(情感的)intelligence,you wont be as succe
12、ssful in work or in your love life，”she says.Whatt the best way to up your EQ(情商)？For starters,let down your guard and really listen to others.75._第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究To really develop empathy,youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital,join a club or a team that has a diverse membership,have
13、 a“sharing circle”with your family,or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.AEveryone is different,and levels of empathy differ from person to person.BThat could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.C“One doesnt develop empathy by having a
14、 lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，”Freed says.第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究D.Humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.EEmpathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.FGood social skillsincluding empathyare a
15、 kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of life.GHaving relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationships.第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究【要点综述】本文是一篇社会科学方面的论文，内容是Empathy(同感，共鸣)。文章遵循“下定义列举现象分析原因正面导向方法指导”的思路写成。结构严
16、谨。71.B本空考查逻辑关系。该空前面句子列举出现象，然后进行归因。选项中“face time”、“screen time”与空后句子中的“spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs”对应，所以选B。第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究72.D本空考查核心句归纳。文章第二段为诠释与例证，进一步说明第一段的论点。在列举完例子后，进行段落归纳。电视上的打斗、竞争和彼此不尊重，都是不能引起人们产生共鸣的原因。选择项中的“anything but”意思是“根本不是，绝不是”。73.G本空考查诠释与例证，也是承上启下
17、句。空前讲到人类天生是社会性的，空后讲有同情心的青少年可能有着高度的自尊，同情也有利于人们摆脱不良情绪。所以选G。第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究74.F本空考查承上启下。本段主要讲述的是情感智能，因此本句放入文中最能体现文章的整体性和一致性，故选F。75.C本空考查并列的逻辑关系。根据空前“listen to others”说的是要做个好的倾听者，所以空白处会填入有关听的技巧，故选C。第四模块第四模块 题型探究题型探究第四模块第四模块 应试点睛应试点睛一、通读全文，勾勒连接词语，理清语段的句际关系一、通读全文，勾勒连接词语，理清语段的句际关系构成语段的各个句子之间存在句际关系，文章的内容是
18、根据各构成语段的各个句子之间存在句际关系，文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成。各个层次，各个段落之间不管层各段的大意有机地组合而成。各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，它们所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之怎样错落有致，它们所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，这种语脉从逻辑意义上来看，存在并列、间都有一定的语脉，这种语脉从逻辑意义上来看，存在并列、顺序顺序(时间、空间时间、空间)、递进、转折、总分、归纳、解释、因果等、递进、转折、总分、归纳、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际
19、关系。关系。应试点睛应试点睛二、利用关键词解题一般空格的正确选项与紧邻的上下句都有明显的关键词在起作用，所以只要找出空格上一句或下一句当中的关键词，然后在七个选项中找出同样的关键词，就能准确地确定选项。三、正确理解七个选项的内在含义，推测各项的使用语境四、从句意、语境包括语法功能及句子的长度来比较分析各选项五、适当采用排除法，根据文章的逻辑关系排除不恰当的选项第四模块第四模块 应试点睛应试点睛专题二十六议论文型阅读填空专题二十六议论文型阅读填空专题二十六专题二十六议论文型阅读填空议论文型阅读填空专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例真题典例根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处根据短文内容
20、，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A 7.0 magnitude(级级)earthquake killed more than 230,000 people in Haiti.Then an 8.8 magnitude quake killed more than 900 people in Chile.And few weeks later,a 6.0 magnitude quake struck rural eastern Turkey,killing at least 57 people.The earthqua
21、kes kept coming hard and fast.1._ “Its not.The problem is whats happening above ground,not underground，”experts say.真题典例真题典例“2._ Theyre rapidly putting up buildings that cant stand earthquakes，”scientists believe.And news reports and better earthquake monitoring make it seem as if earthquakes are in
22、creasing all the time.On average,there are 134 earthquakes a year that have a magnitude between 6.0 and 6.9.So far this year there have been 40 earthquakesmore than in most years for that time period.But thats because the 8.8 quake in Chile caused a large number of strong aftershocks.专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例
23、真题典例Also,its not the number of quakes,but their destructive effects that gain attention.The death is largely due to building standards.3._ Paul Earle,a US seismologist,called for better building standards in the worlds big cities.Of the 130 cities worldwide with populations of more than 1 million,mo
24、re than half are likely to be hit by earthquakes.4._“If you have a problem feeding yourself,youre not really going to worry about earthquakes，”said Paul.The earthquakes made everyone start to think.5._“People are paying attention to the violent planet weve always lived on.专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例真题典例Come bac
25、k an another six months if there have been no earthquakes,and most people will have forgotten it again，”said US disaster researcher Dennis Mileti.ABut it wont last.BMore people are moving into big cities.CEarthquakes dont kill people,while buildings do.DThere have been more deaths over the past deca
26、de from earthquakes.EMany people begin to wonder if something terrible is happening underground.专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例真题典例FWhile it seems as if there are more earthquakes occurring,there really arent.GBut developing nations with growing populations dont pay attention to earthquake preparedness.【要点综述】本文是一篇议
27、论文。讲述了地震频发的原因以及人们对此的思考和存在的问题。1.E根据后面的Its not.可知，此处应当是一个关于地震方面的问题。故选择E，人们在问是否地下出了什么严重的问题。专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例真题典例2.B根据Theyre rapidly putting up buildings that cant stand earthquakes.可知，此处的They指的是人，对应的就是B选项中的涌入城市的人们。3.C根据 The death is largely due to building standards.可知，地震中死亡的人是由于建筑物的原因，对应的是C中的buildings d
28、o。专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例真题典例4.G根据If you have a problem feeding yourself,youre not really going to worry about earthquakes.可知，如果温饱问题没有解决，他们不会考虑地震问题，对应的G中的发展中国家不注意地震的预防。5.A根据Come back an another six months if there have been no earthquakes,and most people will have forgotten it again可知，人们经常忘记地震这个教训，所以选择A，人们对
29、地震的思考不会持续(很久)。专题二十六专题二十六 真题典例真题典例(一一)Being a good student doesnt mean you have to drop all social activities and dive into your books.It is still possible to have a healthy social life while getting good grades.1._ Here is how you can achieve it：Decide for yourself at the start of the term that you
30、wont let your schoolwork sweep you away.2._Write down your weekly schedule on a piece of Write down your weekly schedule on a piece of paper.Chances are that youll have small gapspaper.Chances are that youll have small gaps专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测新题预测新题预测between between classes during the week and more f
31、ree time at the weekend.Make sure that every time you find yourself in one of those betweenclass gaps you use the time efficiently.3._Set aside at least one large amount of time each week as free time.Keep in mind the law of diminishing returns(收益递减收益递减)Past a certain point more hours studying will
32、be of little benefit.4._Protect both your free time and your school time carefully.If one starts to infringe(侵犯侵犯)on the other that is just the beginning of a long,slippery downhill slope(斜坡斜坡)5 5_ This way,you can coordinate(_ This way,you can coordinate(协调协调)your free time with theirs.your free ti
33、me with theirs.专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测Whenever possible,find social activities that take you off campus and away from your schoolwork.ABalance is the key.BEncourage your friends to follow a similar plan.CIt is very important to be determined about this.DTry not to affect others time and just focus on yo
34、ur own.EYoure better off spending this time with friends.FYou can spend more time on social life than on study.GRead a few pages of your school book or do some quick chores(杂活杂活)，for example.专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测解析解析 1A由上文可知好学生不一定要放弃社会活动埋头学习，由上文可知好学生不一定要放弃社会活动埋头学习，重要的是平衡二者之间的关系。重要的是平衡二者之间的关系。2C由上文可知在学
35、期开始时就要下决心。由上文可知在学期开始时就要下决心。3G上文提及我们要充分利用好空闲时间，那么上文提及我们要充分利用好空闲时间，那么G正是正是在空闲时间可以做的事情。在空闲时间可以做的事情。4E本段讨论的是时间分配的问题，要留时间陪朋友，本段讨论的是时间分配的问题，要留时间陪朋友，F选项中的选项中的more表达不准确。表达不准确。5B根据下文根据下文“你可以协调你和他们的空闲时间你可以协调你和他们的空闲时间”可推可推断出断出B符合要求。符合要求。专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测(二二)What makes one person more intelligent than another
36、?What makes one person a genius,like the brilliant Albert Einstein,and another person a fool?Are people born intelligent or stupid,or is intelligence the result of where and how you live.1._ We know,however,that just being born with a good mind is not enough.In some ways,the mind is like a leg or an
37、 arm muscle.2._ Mental exercise is particularly important for young children.Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about.专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测3._If,on the other hand,children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do
38、,they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.4._ According to some psychologists,if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot,then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things.So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things
39、to their children,such as“That was a very clever thing you did.”or“5._”专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测AA healthy body contributes to ones intelligence.BParents should also be careful about what they say to young children.CWhat people want to express is like this.DThe children are then more likely to grow up bri
40、ght and intelligent.EIt needs exercise.FYou are such a smart child.GThese are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测解析解析 1G根据前面的几个问题可知根据前面的几个问题可知G符合要求。符合要求。2E根据前面的根据前面的the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle.及下文及下文Mental exercise is particularly important
41、for young children.可知可知E正确。正确。3D根据前面的根据前面的give them problems to think about可知可知要提出问题让孩子回答，孩子才更有可能聪明。要提出问题让孩子回答，孩子才更有可能聪明。4B根据本段内容可知父母要注意对孩子所说的话。根据本段内容可知父母要注意对孩子所说的话。5F根据前面的根据前面的That was a very clever thing you did.可知可知下面这一句应该是和它相似的一句表示鼓励的话。下面这一句应该是和它相似的一句表示鼓励的话。专题二十六专题二十六 新题预测新题预测专题二十六专题二十六 备用习题备用习题
42、(一一)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time,they become weak;when you start using them again,they slowly become strong again.Everybody knows this,and nobody would think of questioning this fact.1._ When
43、someone says that he has a good memory,he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by exercising it regularly,either备用习题备用习题consciously or unconsciously.When someone else says that his memory is poor,he really means that he does not give it enough opportunity to become strong.2._ One of the
44、m exercises his arms and legs by playing tennis,while the other sits in a chair or a motor car all day.If a friend complains that his arms are weak,we know that it is his own fault.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory,many of us think that his parents are to blame,or that he is just unlucky,
45、and few of us realize that it is just as much his own fault as if it was his arms or legs that were weak.3._ But all of us can,if we have ordinary bodies and brains,improve our专题二十六专题二十六 备用习题备用习题strength and our memory by the same meanspractice.Have you ever noticed that people who cannot read or wr
46、ite usually have better memories than those who can?4._ Its because those who cannot read or write have to remember things.They cannot write them down in a little notebook and they have to remember dates,time and prices,names,songs and stories,so their memory is being exercised the whole time5._.专题二
47、十六专题二十六 备用习题备用习题A.What do you think of it?B.Yet many people do not seem to know that the memory works in the same way.C.Not all of us can become extremely strong or extremely clever.D.So if you want a good memory,practice remembering.ESomeone else says that he is poor in health.FWhy is this?GThe pos
48、ition is exactly the same as that of two people.答案 15BGCFD专题二十六专题二十六 备用习题备用习题(二)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。1._ Experts say over half of the worlds 7,000 languages are in danger of disappearing.Every two weeks one language disappears.As the last speakers of a language die off，the valuab
49、le information contained within a language also disappears.专题二十六专题二十六 备用习题备用习题2._This is the example scientists use to explain the situation of many people around the world whose local languages are disappearing.Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies.3._ Th
50、is happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents.This is not a new process.Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people.Throughout history，the language spoken by a powerful ethnic(种族)group spreads ac