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1、大学英语B阅读理解1、Throughout the colonial period there was a remarkable shortage of women,which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas.Thisshortage enhanced（提 高）womens status and position and allowed them topursue different careers.The puritans（:徒）regarded idleness as a sin（罪
2、恶 and believed that life in an underdevelopment country made it necessary thateach member of the community performed an economic function.Thus work forwomen was not only approved but also was regarded as a civic（公民的）duty.Puritan town councils expected widows and independent women to beself-supportin
3、g.There was no social prohibition against married women working;on the contrary,wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade andwon social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.The vast majority of women worked within their homes,where their laborproduced most articles nee
4、ded for the family.The entire colonial production ofcloth and clothing and partly that of shoes was in the hands of women.Inaddition to these occupations,women were found in many different kinds ofemployment.They were butchers,silversmiths and gunsmiths.They ran mills,plantations,shipyards,and every
5、 kind of shop.They were gatekeepers,jailkeepers,journalists,printers,nurses,and teachers.1）、What does the passage mainly discuss?A.Colonial marriages.B.The puritan religion.c.Colonial women*s employment.0.Education in the colonies.答案：C2）、According to the passage,where in colonial North America were
6、there thefewest women?A.Puritan communities.B.Seaports.C.Frontier settlements.0.Capital cities.答案：c3）、It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans we r e.A.uneducatedB.hardworkingc.generous0.wealthy答 案：B4）、According to the passage,Puritans believed that an unmarried adult womanshould be.A.f
7、inancially responsible for herselfB.returned to EnglandC.supported by her family0.trained to be a nurse答 案：A5）、According to the passage；what did the Puritans expect from married women?A.They should adopt needy children.B.They should assist in their husbands trade or business.C.They should work only
8、within their own homes.D.They should be apprenticed.答 案：B2、Though some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order toleave more jobs for men,the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinionpolls.Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women
9、 are employed in type ofwork more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed youngmen.They argue that women-especially women in their childbearing years actually delayeconomic development and result in lower productivity,poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the pr
10、oblem,they have suggested that the working women stay at home while theirhusbands or brothers were given double wages.They argue that under these circumstances,families would retain their same level of income,and women could run the house and raise childrenmuch better.The suggestion has been rejecte
11、d by 9 out of 10 people polled.A hundred persons in a big citywere questioned last summer.Out of 50 women,46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs,nomatter what the situation was.The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could betaken by their sons or daughters.Of 50 men p
12、olled,only 6 said they would like to see their wivesgive up their jobs,if it meant higher wages for themselves.Some other people have suggested another way called phased employment theory.Thetheory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnantand stay off the
13、 job until her baby reaches the age of 3.It suggests that women on leave receive75percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period.This willbenefit children,women,their families and the society.Some of those polled,both women and men,felt the idea is a good one
14、.It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion thatwomen return to home forever.1）、Some union officials have suggested that women should return home b e c a u s e.A.all of them are employed in unsuitable types of workB.their participation in work has a bad influence on the economic d
15、evelopmentC.most skilled male workers are now unemployed0.nowadays no one can take care of children except women答 案：B2）、Some union officials have suggested that if women resign their j obs,.A.they should be allowed to attend school to be trainedB.their jobs should be taken over by the male members o
16、f their familiesC.the male employees in their families should receive double wagesD.their children should also leave their kindergartens答 案：C3）、According to the passage,the suggestion that women should return to housework was.A.opposed by most men and womenB.welcomed by men onlyC.welcomed by women o
17、nly0.welcomed by men and women答 案：A4）、According to the passage we can see phased employment“me a n s.A.two or more women share the same jobB.women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidaysC.a woman should resign her job forever if she has a childD.women are allowed to take leav
18、e from their jobs during their childbearing years答 案：D5）、Based on the phased employment theory,during a womans leave from her j ob.A.her work should be done by her husband or brothersB.her familys income level will be a little lower than it normally isC.her family can still keep the same level of in
19、comeD.either her husband or her brothers will be given double wages答 案：B3、A nineteenth-century French dramatist remarked that the onlydifference between animals and human beings is that people drink whenthey are not thirsty and make love in any season.The sociologistsdefinition of the difference is
20、more scientific:only human beings have theability for creating and transmitting culture.More than any other species,human animals are able to surpass their biological limitations by sharingideas and passing on what they learn to future generations.All animals,including human beings,have certain prob
21、lems in common.In order to survive as species,they must find a home,get food and providefor their young.Animals are guided by instincts that enable them to copewith these problems of existence.Their responses to their environment is afixed predictable manner:beavers build dams as homes,lions hunt fo
22、rantelopes for food,and birds build nests to protect their young.Shouldthese solutions turn out to be inadequate,animals for the most part willstill go on making the same responses to the same problems.It is true thatmuch of the behavior of higher animals is learned through directexperience.As every
23、one knows,dogs can be taught to overcome theirinstinctive dislike of cats,and parrots often learn new calls.In some casesanimals have also been known to teach their offspring what theythemselves have learned.Nevertheless,human beings are unique in theirfar greater ability to learn from experiences,t
24、o create new solutions to oldproblems,and most important,to use language to transmit what theyhave learned to future generations.While animal societies must rely onbiologically inherited methods of dealing with their environment,humansocieties have the far greater advantage of a socially inherited c
25、ulture.1）、From a sociological point of view,the difference between humans andanimals is.A.humans drink when they are not thirstyB.humans must find a homec.humans can pass on their culture from generation to generationD.humans know how to bring up their young答 案：c2）、One of the problems that both huma
26、ns and animals must face is.A.they have to overcome their biological disadvantagesB.they have to raise their young in whatever living conditionsc.they must share ideas when in troubleD.they must find new solutions to difficult problems答 案：B3）、In face of problems of existence,a n i m a l s.A.can thin
27、k and find a plausible solutionB.only respond repeatedly in the fixed wayc.can pass on the information to their youngD.young animals can think of better ways to solve them答 案：B4）、Beavers can build dams as h o me.A.because they can learn from each otherB.in an instinctive wayc.after many failuresD.af
28、ter they follow other beavers ways of building dams答 案：B5）、Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Only humans can learn from experience.B.Humans have much greater ability to solve problems with new methods.c.Humans have more biological advantages than animals.D.Humans a
29、nd animals have nothing in common.答 案：B4、During the meal,youd better be careful not to leave a spoon in a soup bowl or coffee cup orany other dish.The coffee spoon ought to be on the saucer,the soup spoon ought to be on theplate under the bowl.When you are having soup,make the least noises and use t
30、he side of yourspoon inside out this way,not the tip.And you mustnt pick up your soup bowls so as to drink awaythe last drops of your soup from the bottom of the bowl.Very often there is only one main course and salad,followed by your sweet.If you find the mealnot enough,say Oh,its delicious!and ask
31、 for some more of the chicken or steak or whatever youhave just had.The hostess will be very glad that you appreciate her cooking and will give you anextra portion.But if you observe the Chinese way of being polite and say No,thank you when thehostess offers you more,you will most probably starve la
32、ter,because Americans will never pressfood on you.Yet it is not polite to keep silent and not to talk with the person next to you.It wouldbe considered good manners if you handle your silverware with care so that they dont make anynoise.When coffee comes,drink it from your cup.The coffee spoon shoul
33、d rest on the saucer whileyou are drinking.And smoking,of course,is rarely seen at a dinner table.Well,when the meal isfinished,the guests put their napkins on the table and stand up,the men again helping the ladieswith their chairs.After the dinner,the guests usually stay for an hour or two,then th
34、ey would say,Well,Imafraid I must be going now.The host and hostess would of course urge everyone to stay longer.What,already?Wont you have another coffee?The guests,for instance,would say,Id love to,but I have to be up early tomorrow morning.Thank you for a most enjoyable evening.Good-night.And if
35、you stay overnight or over the weekend,it will be courteousto send a thank-you note tothe host or hostess the following day,very often with a small gift such as a box of chocolate orsome flowers as a token of appreciation of their hospitality.1）、Which of the following would be the best title of the
36、passage?A.How to Prepare for a Meal.B.Never Press Food on Your Guest.C.Table Manners in the U.S.A.D.How to Enjoy a Dinner.答 案：C2）、The passage suggests t hat.A.to make the hostess happy you should ask for more food even if you are fullB.you should keep silent at a dinner table in order to be politeC.
37、if you want to be friendly with the person next to you,you should press food on him0.talking is necessary at a dinner table答 案：D3）、At a dinner table,you do all of the following e x c e p t.A.making the least noise possibleB.picking up your soup bowl to drink away the last dropC.handling your silverw
38、are with careD.drinking the coffee from your cup答 案：B4）、What does courteous in the last paragraph mean?A.FriendlyB.GenerousCPoliteD.Noble答 案：C5）、The passage implies t hat.A.different nations have different customsB.Chinese customs are quite similar to American onesC.both Chinese and Americans have s
39、oup before the main courseD.if you are polite,the hostess will press more food on you答 案：A5Jn 1985,the Coca-cola company made the decision to change the formula ofits leading soft drink.The change was based on the findings of many marketstudies.These studies had shown that the general response to th
40、e new productwas good.However,the change of the traditional Coca-cola by New Coke wasrejected by the majority of drinkers.In fact,the company had to step back andrestart production of the old formula of Coca-cola.The most important reason why New Coke was rejected was the emotionalrelationship that
41、existed between drinkers and the old soft drink formula.Drinking Coca-cola had become a tradition for many people over its 99 years ofexistence.The change made by the company was not only in Cokes formula butalso in the traditional values and memories that it represented to the drinkers.“We had take
42、n away more than the product Coca-cola.We had taken away a littlepart of them and their past“The drinkers rejected this“improvement*because“they believed that Coke stood for traditional value.so they felt betrayed whenthe product changed completely overnighV.Although a lot of research was done by Co
43、ca-cola company,it didnt show thedepth of drinkersemotion for the product.The studies took many forms,butnone of the tests was able to measure the degree of personal and emotionalreactions caused by the disappearance of the old,traditional Coca-cola.Theweakness of the research was that it was mainly
44、 quantitative in form.The resultwas only numbers that could not show the deep meaning the product had formany people.A more extensive study focusing on the qualitative aspects of thechange would perhaps have been able to demonstrate the close relationshipexisting between drinkers and product.1）、Coca
45、-cola company changed the formula in 1985 b e c a u s e.A.it led the soft drink industry in the marketB.its market studies supported the change in the formulac.it carried out market research for expansionD.it simply felt the need to make the change答案：B2）、According to the passage,the drinkers rejecte
46、d New Coke because ofA.the late response to the market by Coca-cola companyB.the reproduction of Coca-colas old drink formulac.a strong dislike by Coca-colas regular drinkersD.the emotional relationship between the drinkers and the old soft drink答 案：D3）、The product Coca-cola was believed to stand fo
47、r.A.traditional values and good memoriesB.traditional customs and happy daysC.past honors and efficient managementD.top quality and wonderful taste答 案：A4）、Which of the following statements is true?A.Research by Coca-cola considered emotional factors.B.Coca-cola did little research before they made t
48、he change.C.Research by Coca-cola was quantitative rather than qualitative.0.Research by Coca-cola was both quantitative and qualitative.答 案：c5）、The author of the article clearly indicates that.A.the weakness of the research could have been removedB.Coca-cola should have measured the quantitative fa
49、ctors more carefullyC.Coca-cola should have done a more extensive qualitative studyD.A slower change of the product might have improved the sales of the company答 案：C6、Its a modern problem:youre too busy to be disturbed by many phone calls so you turn yourcell phone off.But if you dont remember to tu
50、rn it back on when youre less busy,you could misssome important calls.If only the phone knew when it was wise to interrupt you,you wouldnt haveto turn it off at all.Instead,it could let calls through when you are not too busy.A bunch of behavior sensors and a clever piece of software could do just t