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1、附件3：外文文献原文PLC Application in the Control of CIAE-30 Cyclotron 1 Overview A PLC consists of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) containing an application program and Input and Output Interface modules, which is directly connected to the field I/O devices. The program controls the PLC so that when an inpu
2、t signal from an input device turns ON, the appropriate response is made. The response normally involves turning ON an output signal to some sort of output devices.In an automated system, the PLC is commonly regarded as the heart of the control system. With a control application program (stored with
3、in the PLC memory) In execution, the PLC constantly monitors the state of the system through the field input devices feedback signal. It will then based on the program logic to determine the course of action to be carried out at the field output devices. The PLC may be used to control a simple and r
4、epetitive task, or a few of them may be interconnected together with other host controllers or host computer through a sort of communication network, in order to integrate the control of a complex process.In general, a Control System is a collection of electronic devices and equipment which are in p
5、lace to ensure the stability, accuracy and smooth transition of a process or a manufacturing activity. It takes any form and varies in scale of implementation, from a power plant to a semi-conductor machine. As a result of rapid advancement of technology, complicated control tasks accomplished with
6、a highly automated control system, which may be in the field devices （such as operator panel, motors, sensors, switches, solenoid valves and etc.）, capabilities in network communication enable a big scale implementation and process co-ordination besides providing greater flexibility in realizing dis
7、tributed control system. Every single component in a control system plays an important role regardless of size.A typical PLC control system consists of the hardware, software and network components, together with the controlled functions and associated documentation. The PLC hardware can include a r
8、ack, power supply, CPU, network interface card, digital or analog I/O cards, and other special purpose cards such as high-speed counter, motion control, pulse input and others. The software portion of a PLC control system involves firmware which is the operating system in the PLC world, and programm
9、ing software tools and application software usually developed by a system integrator as EID ELECTRONICS for a dedicated process control. Depending on the size of target process and the operational requirements, the structures of PLC control system can vary. More often, a supervisory control and data
10、 acquisition system is applied, this is the HMI. Such system consists of a PLC based control on the plant level, graphic screen interface on the operation level, and processing server on the management level.2 PLC applicationPLC-controlled mini-cyclotronCIAE-30 compact cyclotron is a new kind of acc
11、elerator dedicated to medical radio-isotope production. Its main features are compact structure, low power consumption, high beam intensity and easy change of energy. It consists of complex equipment, e.g. external ion source, magnet, R.F. generator, stripper, vacuum, water cooling, pneumatic activa
12、tor, transportation line, beam diagnostics, targetry and various power supplies. The whole production process includes H- beam production, acceleration, electron stripping, extraction, focusing, transportation, targetcontrol, radioisotope analyses and sampling. Fig.1 shows the main body of CIAE-30 c
13、yclotron.The control hardware consists of two parts: PLC modules and operation console. PLC modules include: three CPUs (922R), one coordinator (923C), a number of analog and logical I/Os, one communication processor (CP527), one intelligent processor(IP241), special bus and internal supplies. Opera
14、tion console includes: a keyboard, a large high resolution colour monitor, two encoders, beam diagnosis and a printer. PLC communicates with the cyclotron equipment through the logical and analog I/Os, which translate orders to and receive status messages from all the different devices. The PLC comm
15、unicates with the console through the communication and intelligent interfaces, which receive operator instructions and transmit the processed status signals to be displayed on the screen or printed on Fig.1PLC communicates with the cyclotron equipment through the logical and analog I/Os, which tran
16、slate orders to and receive status messages from all the different devices. The PLC communicates with the console through the communication and intelligent interfaces, which receive operator instructions and transmit the processed status signals to be displayed on the screen or printed on paper. All
17、 analog parameters of the cyclotron can be adjusted using the two encoders. The cyclotron status can be clearly graphically displayed on the monitor screen. These screens are called pages. Every page not only displays the key parts of the different systems, but also gives the real time dynamic messa
18、ges by changing colour or positions. Different pages also assign different meanings to the function keys, according which the operator can choose appropriate instructions to the PLC. Fig.3 shows the page structure of the operation synopsis. Two encoders can be assigned to any of the analog parameter
19、s for tuning at any time. These parameters directly determine the cyclotron specifications, e.g. beam energy, intensity, extraction efficiency and ratio of the beam distribution among different targets. Different set of parameters can be stored into the PLC library, which is able to contain up to 50
20、 sets and any of them can called into operation when necessary, that significantly saves machine tuning time and improves operation efficiency.The PLC can operate in two modes: full automation or half automation. In the mode of full automation, the cyclotron can automatically start-up by pushing one
21、 function key. In the mode of half automation, the PLC divides the whole sequence into different sections. At end of every section, operator interventions are required but, the operation sequence and safety interlock are also managed by the PLC. The CIAE-30 cyclotron and its PLC control system have
22、been commissioned since 1995. More than two years of operation practice has proved that PLC application in the control of cyclotron is user-friendly, flexible and reliable.附件2：外文文献译文 PLC在回旋加速器控制上的应用 1 概述 可编程控制器是由里面包含有应用程序的一个中央处理单元（CPU），输入接口模块和输出接口模块，然后将它们直接连接到现场输入输出设备中。当一个开的输入信号从输入设备发出，那么中央处理单元内的程序将
23、控制PLC作出适当的反应。这个适当的反应通常是将一个开的信号传到一些输出设备上。在一个自动化系统中，PLC通常视为控制系统的核心。随着应用程序（存储在PLC内存）的执行，PLC不断监控那些设备反馈回来的信号，以便程序的调整。然后它根据储存在PLC内存中的程序，用来确定下一步应进行什么操作，然后通过输出端输出到设备中。PLC可用于一个控制简单且需要重复操作的任务，或其他有些是通过通信网络与其他类型的主控制器或主机电脑相互联系在一起的任务，这样可以方便的控制一个复杂任务。在一般情况下,控制系统是一种确保电子装置和设备稳定运行，准确，平稳和顺利工作的集成。它采取不同形式用来执行不同规模的任务。由于科
24、学技术的迅速进步，高度自动化控制系统已经可以完成复杂的控制任务，他们可以应用在不同的设备上（如如操作面板，电机，传感器，开关，电磁阀和现场设备等）。网络通信的应用除了使分布式控制系统能够实现更大的灵活性，也使其能够大规模实施和协调流程控制。每一个控制系统中的部分都扮演了重要角色，无论其占的比例有多大。一个典型的PLC控制系统包括硬件，软件和网络组件，连同控制功能及其有关程序。PLC的硬件可以包括机架，电源，CPU，网络接口，数字或模拟数字I / O接口，和其他特殊用途接口如高速计数器，运动控制，脉冲输入等。一个PLC控制系统的软件部分包括固件 这种操作系统是在PLC内存内，编程软件工具和应用软
25、件通常由系统集成商如EID电子发展的一个专业的过程控制程序。根据不同的目标控制过程中的规模和任务要求，PLC控制系统的结构可能有所不同。很多时候，一个监督控制和数据采集系统的应用，这就是人机界面。这种系统包括一个基于控制层面的PLC, 工作层面的屏幕图形界面和处理服务器上的处理水平。2 PLC应用PLC控制的小型回旋加速器小型回旋加速器，是一种致力于医疗放射同位素生产的新型加速器。其主要特点是结构紧凑，低功耗，高束流强度高和能量容易改变。它由复杂的设备组成，例如：外部离子源，磁铁，发电机，汽塔，真空室，水冷室，激活气动的运输控制，线束诊断和各种电源。整个生产过程包括H射线的发射，加速，电子剥离
26、，提取，集中，运输，目标控制，放射性同位素分析和取样。图1显示在原子能科学研究院主体- 30回旋加速器。控制小型回旋加速器硬件分为两部分：PLC控制模块和操作控制台。见图2。PLC的模块包括：3个CPU（922R），一个协调器（923C），一个I / O接口，一个通讯处理器（CP527）一个智能处理器（IP241）。操作控制台包括：键盘，大型分辨率彩色显示器，两台编码器，光诊断仪器和打印机。回旋加速器设备与PLC的通信通过I / O接口，一个能够转换任务并接受各种不同的状态信息的设备。PLC与控制台的通信是通过智能通信接口，它能接受操作指令和传送处理信号并把它显示在屏幕上或者打印在纸上，所有的
27、回旋加速器的模拟参数可以使用两个编码器调节。传感器沿着原定的路线，轴向注塑线，加速室，提取室，运输路线和目标。光束信号预处理是通过特殊的接口电路，然后传输到PLC中刷新存储并输出操作信号。在此期间，信号预处理传输到监控的控制台上，并以3种方法同时显示：数字，模拟和比例。回旋加速器的回旋状态可以清楚地显示图形在监视器屏幕上。这些屏幕显示的被称为网页。每个网页不仅显示了系统不同的关键部件，而且还以改变颜色或形状给出了实时的动态信息。不同的页面还可以定义不同的功能键含义，根据该使用者可以选择自己的习惯使PLC作出指示。图3显示了页面结构的组成。两个编码器可以分配任何模拟参数并且随时调整。这些参数直接决定回旋加速器性能，例如光束能源，强度，提取效率和线束在不同目标的分布。不同的参数设置可以临时存储PLC的内存中，它可以包含多达50个设置并且可以在任何时候调用它们，这样大大节省了设备调试时间，提高运作的效率。PLC可以在两种模式下运行：全自动化或半自动化。在自动化模式下，回旋加速器可以由一个功能键自动启动。在半自动模式下，PLC的将整个程序划分成不同的部分，在每节结束时，操作者是要去重新操作的，但是，它们的操作顺序是由PLC决定的。PLC控制系统的30回旋加速器从1995年研制以来。两年多的运行实践证明， PLC在回旋加速器应用使控制更加人性化，灵活和可靠。