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1、SectionWarming Up&Reading -Lanwuage Poiiits识记清单把基础打牢一、这样记单词记得准写得对I .根底词汇l.means n. 手段；方法2,ministryn.（政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师 的职责3,hardshipn.苦难；困苦4 .federal adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的5 .raH n.铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条 6,percentagen.百分比；百分率7 .boom n.（人口、贸易的）富强vi.处于经济快速开展时期8 .aircraft n.飞行器；航空器；飞机 n.拓展词汇l.distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 dis
2、tinctionn.差异；区分；卓著2,majorityn.大多数；大半f major ah主要 的；重要的f minority（反义词）.少数3.electa.选择；打算做某事；选举（某 人）f election 选举4.1talyn.意大利f Italian.意大利人（的）；意大利语（的）5.radal力.人种的:种族的f race 人种； 种族记得快记得多1 .means n.手段；方法同义 way; manner; method; approach词块a means of munication 一种通讯/沟 通工具2 .hardship n.苦难；困苦记法 n. /”4/+shipfh
3、ard a/困难的f hardship 苦难；困苦 联想 member n.成员 f membership n.成员资格friend n.伴侣 f friendship 友情owner n.全部者f ownership n.全部权 relation n.关系；亲戚f relationship .关 系；关联scholar n .学者；奖学金获得者 -scholarship n.学问；奖学金3 .percentage n.百分比；百分率联想percent n.百分之4.”多数与少数面面观majorq/.主要的majority加大多数；大半in the majority of.占多数minor a
4、dj.少数的；次要的minority n.少数；少数派/人in the minority of. 占少数二、这样记短语记坚固定短语多积常用词块California, the majority 7.were (be) religious men.In 1848, gold 8was discuvered (discover) in California and the dream of being rich quickly attracted people from all over the world.In fact, few achieved their dream, but most re
5、mained in California to make a life for themselves.In more recent decades, California 9,has bee (bee) home to people from Asia.lt is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be lO.so great that there will be no major racial or cultural groups.V.串点成篇微表达大多数(majority)医生认为她没有活下去的可能。然而，她的妈
6、妈绝不(by no means)放 弃，由于她认为她女儿很可能(be likely to)会康复。为了保持(keep up)她的士气，妈妈做了 所能够做的一切来抚慰她。尽管(despite)有很多困难(hardship),她们最终胜利了。ThejnaioritY doctors agreed Jha shghad no pnssibiIitY tQ survive. However, D Y jiq pieans 蜃(| mother givg jup because shg thought tha jiei daughter was ikel Y Keep UD_henoura* the_y
7、nothe二 dia aLshg gould q for pwch-hardshiD.he Y Siicceedea atast二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧I .完形填空At my daughters presentation ceremony, the principal reminded the kids of that now-familiar truth: they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes.As I lay in bed that evening, another truth me that it is not j
8、ust different careers that 2 each child.I 3 my own life and how much it has 4.Five years ago, I was in an unhappy marriage, living in a house that I felt wasnt mined felt $ most of the time and not6my own future.Now, I live in my own beautiful apartment.My family life is peaceful, filled with _7_.My
9、 life is barely8_.1 created a whole new reality.I have always 9 that great change is possible.I am the great-grandchild of the immigrants who left their countries with few 10 ,From the shtetls (犹太人小村庄)of Russia and Poland, they created their own munities.My parents moved to ashe was a widow at 43 af
10、ter my grandfather diedsuddenly, sheher daughters alone, cared for her elderly mother and _14travelled out of her hometown.At 68, after being single for 26 years, she us all by falling in love and remarrying.She and her husband, Harry, socialized 16 , and travelled around the country.Life is full of
11、 17.We assume that our lives are linear (直线的)，leading us from birth to death into a straight 18 ,But they can change and have sharp 19 ,Thev can double back and leap forward and begin another 2。altogether.语篇解读:本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中借助自己及自己亲人的生活经受表达了人 生布满可能性的观点。1. A.hitB. promisedC. attackedD. suggested解析：
12、选A 依据上下文可知，作者突然意识到了另一条真理。hit “使突然意识到 符合语境。promise “承诺；attack 攻击，攻击“；suggest ”建议，说明”。2. A.hold backB. appeal toC. wait forD. call on解析：选 C 依据上文中的 a the principal reminded the kids of that now-familiar truth: they could have multiple careers in their lifetimes可知，此处表示作者突然意识到并不仅 仅是不同的事业在等待着每个孩子。wait for
13、 等待”符合语境。holdback “阻挡，抑制”； appeal to “有吸弓I力，呼吁；callon”邀请，要求“。3. A.sought forB. tried outC. took overD. reflected on解析：选D 依据下文的内容可知，作者仔细思索了自己的生活。reflect on 仔细思 索“符合语境。seek for 查找；try out 试验,试用；take over 接管，接手”。4. A.transformedB. improvedC- abusedD. succeeded解析：选A 依据下文作者所说的自己的生活前后的巨大变化可知，作者思索的是自 己的生活发
14、生了多大的转变。transform 转变符合语境。improve 改善；abuse 滥 用“；succeed “胜利。5. A.terrifiedB. anxiousC. curiousD. ashamed解析：选 B 依据上文中的Five years ago, I was in an unhappy marriage, living in a house that I felt wasn*t mine/,可知，五年前，作者婚姻不幸福，觉得住在一个不属于自己 的家中，故作者大多数时候感到焦虑，并觉得无法掌管自己的将来。anxious 忧虑的，焦 虑的符合语境。terrified 特别可怕的，极
15、度惊恐的；curious “奇怪？的“； ashamed 惭愧的。6. A.in control ofB. in defence ofC. in honor ofD. in place of解析：选A 参见上题解析。in control of 掌管，掌握符合语境。in defence of ”保 卫；in honor of 向表示敬意；in place of 代替，取代”。7. A.noiseB. devotionC. admirationD. laughter解析：选 D 依据上文中的“NowJ live in my own beautiful apartment.My family lif
16、e is peaceful可知，作者现在住在自己美丽的公寓中，家庭生活安静安静，布满了欢乐。laughter 笑，笑声符合语境。devotion “奉献，忠诚；admiration 敬佩，欣赏“。8. A.bearableB. recognizableC. suitableD. acceptable解析：选B 依据上文提及的作者前后生活的比照以及下文的“I created a whole new reality.可知，作者制造了一个全新的现实生活，故可推知作者现在的生活（和以前的相比 变化巨大）很难被认出来。recognizable “简单认出的，易于识别的符合语境。bearable 可 忍受
17、的，能应付的；suitable “适宜的；acceptable “可接受的，令人满足的“。9. A.imaginedB. doubtedC. believedD. remembered解析：选C 依据语境可知，作者始终都信任巨大的变化是可能发生的。believe “信 任”符合语境。imagine 想象；doubt 疑心；remember 想起，记起”。10. A.contactsB. belongingsC. expectationsD. devices解析：选B 依据上文中的“who left their countries with few并结合选项可知，此处 指携带很少的财物离开他们自
18、己的国家。belongings “财物，财产”符合语境。contact 人,社会关系“；expectation 期望；device 装置”。11. A.poorB. remoteC. strangeD. wealthy解析：选 C 依据下文中的started a life different from that in their hometown”可知, 作者的父母搬去了一个生疏的城市。strange 生疏的符合语境。remote ”遥远的，偏僻 的“。12. A.SinceB. UntilC. WhenD. Although解析：选 A 依据下文中的 “she was a widow at
19、43 after my grandfather died suddenly, she J3her daughters alone可知，由于作者已逝的外祖母是一个寡妇，所以她（生前）单独抚养自己的女儿们。since ”由于，由于，在此处引导缘由状语从句。13. A.educatedB. raisedC. acpaniedD. forted解析：选B 参见上题解析。raise 抚养符合语境。educate 教育;acpany 伴 随，伴随；fort “抚慰”。14. A.nearlyB. frequentlyC. smoothlyD. rarely解析：选 D 依据上文中的66sheJ3her d
20、aughters alone, cared for her elderly mother可知，作者的外祖母（生前）要单独抚养自己的女儿们，照看自己年老的母亲，所以 她很少去她家乡之外的地方旅行。rarely “很少，不常”符合语境。nearly 几乎”； frequently ”频繁地，常常；smoothly 顺当地。15. A.amusedB. annoyedC. satisfledD. surprised解析：选 D 依据上文的内容，尤其是“she was a widow at 43 after my grandfather died suddenly At 68, after being
21、 single for 26 years”和下文中的 “falling in love and remarrying可知，作者的外祖母（生前）在成了寡妇26年后，于68岁时坠入爱河并再婚， 这应当是让作者他们感到惊讶的。surprise ”使惊异，使感到意外“符合语境。amuse “逗 笑，（使）消遣；annoy “使生气，使愤怒；satisfy 使满足。16. A.endlesslyB. casuallyC. punctuallyD. accidentally解析：选A 依据下文中的“and travelled around the country可知，作者的外祖母（生 前）和自己的丈夫Ha
22、iry周游全国，不断地参与社交活动。endlessly 不断地，无休止地” 符合语境。casually 随便地；punctuaHy “守时地;accidentally 意夕卜地。17. A.challengesB. possibilitiesC- hardshipsD. hopes解析：选B 依据上文作者所举的例子可知，生活是布满可能性的。possibility 可能， 可能性”符合语境。challenge 挑战；hardship “艰苦，贫困”。18. A.patternB. shapeC. pathD. queue解析：选 C 依据上文中的We assume that our lives
23、are linear （直线的）eading us from birth to death into a straight可知，我们认为自己的生活是条直线，就是从生至死的 一条笔直的路。path 路”符合语境。pattern ”图案，模式“。19. A.tendenciesB. directionsC. increasesD. twists解析：选 D 依据上文中的We assume that our lives are lineai（直线的）eading us from birth to death into a straight 18.But they can change and hav
24、e sharp 19 和下文中的“They can double back and leap forward可知，我们的生活并不是直线，而是 会变化并消失急转弯的。twist （河流或道路的）曲折处，急转弯处”符合语境。tendency “倾 向，趋势；direction 方向。20. A.marriageB. relationshipC. storyD. plan解析：选C 依据语境可知，沿原路返回，向前跳动并开头另一个故事。story “故事” 符合语境。marriage 婚姻；relationship “关系。II .短文改错Last Friday evening, I had a ta
25、lk about my grandma; she told me that she wanted to visit Shanghai.She would like to see the great change in her hometown.Hear this, I begin to book air tickets for her on the Internet.I checked the weather in Shanghai as good.After which, I helped my grandma prepare her clothes and some things she
26、might need during his trip such as a cellphone and a camera.The next day, I went to the airport see off my grandma.Although it was a busily weekend, I felt proud because of I could do something for my grandma.答案：第一句：about-with其次句：changef changes第三句： HearHearing; begins began第四句：goodwell第五句：whichthat
27、; his-her第六句：see前加to第七句：busily-busy;去掉ofLlive on 连续存在；连续生存2.by_pieans二 用方法；借助3jn addition 而且4 .declare yaj 二. 向宣战5 .make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等6 .keep up坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）7 .bec homgo 成为的家园8 .attract v,to .把吸引至小1 .the third largest state第三大州2 .a land bridge 大陆桥3 .the native people 土著人4 .in the early 16th
28、 century 16 世纪初期5.a strong Spanish influence 很强的西班牙 文化的影响6.a first or second language 第一或其次语7.in and around San Francisco 在旧金山及 其周边地区8.the dream of being rich 发财梦三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用l.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.最早一批人详细是在什么时候来到我 们现在了解的加利福尼
29、亚地区的，谁也 说不清晰。what引导的名词性 从句在句中作介词 的宾语。The picture reminded me of wha_1_nnd_cxxerieiiced in the village.这幅画使我想起了我在那个 村子里的经受。2.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲 土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。itislikelythat “有可能。IJ_jg_ikKlY_that
30、a visit to the Great Wall for us students is an unforgettable experience. 对我们同学而言参观长城有 可能是一次难忘的经受。3.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今日超过40%的加利福尼亚人 仍旧把西班牙语作为第一或其次语言 的缘由。That is why ”那 就是的缘由。That_j_jvhy I am writing to invite you to take part i
31、n the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition.（2017全国卷 II 书 面表达）那就是我写信邀请你参与这 次中国剪纸艺术展的缘由。4.1t is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混 合将会特别之大，
32、以至于不行能存在一 种明显主要的种族或文化群体,而只是 多种族、多文化的混合体。It is believed that“人们认为/ 信任，其构成 为：It+be+过去分 词+that从句。It_|g_Delieee(|_that working hard can lead to success.人们信任努力工作就能胜利。重点详析将新知全握口第一板块核心词汇集释1 .（敬材 Pl）The customs and languages of the iminigrants live on in their new home.这些移民的风俗习惯及语言在他们的新家都得以连续。live on（1）连续生存
33、；连续存在（on为副词）He died ten years ago, but his memory lives on.他十年前就去世了，但他仍旧活在人们的记忆中。（2）靠生活；以为生；（人）以为食（on为介词）The whale does not live 9n smalfish.这种鲸鱼并不以小鱼为食。live up to符合；不辜负；履行live through经受过live by doing靠为生He hosted the Academy Awards again this year, and his talks alwaystheexpectation of most audience
34、.他今年又一次主持了奥斯卡颁奖典礼，他的语言总能满足大局部观众的期望。The old man lives by selling newspapers every day.这位老人每天靠卖报纸谋生。2 .（致材 P2）Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美
35、洲。means n.手段；方法by means of通过；用；借助于by this means用这种方法by no means绝不；无论如何也不(放在句首时，句子用局部倒装语序)In addition, we have more choices by means of “wild release”.(2015重庆高考总分值作文)此外，通过“自由共享我们有更多的选择。Brown said he was bytiQ jneaiis annoyed; on the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
36、布朗说他绝不生气；相反，他很快乐能使别人清晰地了解他自己。名师点津(l)means是单复数同形的名词。常见的单复数同形的名词还有：species(种 类),series(系列)，works(工厂)等。(2)means作主语且有every, each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用单 数。(3)means作主语且有all, several, many, few等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓 语动词用复数。Every possible means has beenried (try), but none has worked.f All possible means havg D
37、eenJried (try), but none has worked.各种可能的方法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。3 .(数材 P2)Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大局部是人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。 majority n.大多数；大半a/the majority of.大多数be in the/a major
38、ity占大局部/大多数(2)minority n.少数；少数派/人in the minority占少数When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.当我有不同的观点时，我会选择放弃，敬重大多数人的观点。Only a piinoritY_9f people in that city do not have a car while the people takingsubway to work are in the majority.在那个城市只
39、有少数人没有汽车，但是乘坐地铁上班的人却占了大多数。名师点津the/a majority of+名词，表示大多数，谓语动词的数与of后面的名 词保持全都；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。The majority of the damage is （be） easy to repair.大局部的破损很简单修复。4 .（教材 P2）By the time California elected to bee the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural s
40、ociety.到1850年加利福尼亚成为第31个联邦州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会 了。elects选择；打算做某事；选举某人elect to do .选择或打算做elect sb.（to be/as）选举某人为It is said that only two students will be elected to take part in the ing English Contest.据说，只有两个同学将被选中参与即将到来的英语竞赛。In addition, I have such a good mand of English that I am elected as assis
41、tant to my English teacher.另外，我英语把握得很好，被选为英语课代表。名师点津在“elect sb.+职务”句式中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用加任 何冠词。We elected him monitor of our class.我们选他当我们班的班长。5.（教材 P2）In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture.1911年，丹麦移民建立了自己的城镇，至今仍旧保存着丹麦文化。keep
42、up坚持；维持；持续；保持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）写出以下句中keep up的含义I hope the fine weather will keep up so that we can go out for a picnic保持The rain kept up for two days and the roads were flooded.维持；持续 （3）We should not keep up old customs.沿袭（风俗等）keep up with跟上,与保持同步keep on （doing sth.）连续（做某事）keep away （from）不靠近/远离（）keep off不
43、靠近；远离；勿踩；勿踏keep back阻挡；保存；隐瞒keep out of(使)不进入By studying hard she managed to keep up yith her classmates.她靠努力学习而赶上了她的同学。Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.(2017全国卷 H) 有些植物会散发出难闻的化学物质来防止昆虫的侵袭。第二板块I重点句型解构1. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California a
44、t least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，可能至少在15 000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。(l)It is likely that是可能的“，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.be likely to do“某人/物可能做”。It is likely that she was watching TV at home last night.她有可能昨天晚上时在家里看电视。It is likely that you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.Yousuffer from bad healt
45、h if you keep smoking.假如连续吸烟，你的身体健康有可能会受到损害。(2)其他表示“可能的句型：Its probable that . Its possible that .Jfs possible for sb.to do sth.(3)It is possible for her to set a world record again.f It is probable/possible that she will set a world record again.她有可能会再次制造世界纪录。2. That is why today over 40% of Califor
46、nians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今日超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍旧把西班牙语作为第一或其次语言的缘由。(l)This/Thatiswhy为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是的缘由。That is why I remend another category of books： literary books.那就是我推举文学类图书的缘由。I know you find the subject difficult, but that ij why you should work harder at it.我知道你感到这门学科困难，但那就是你应当更加努力钻研它的理由。(2)This/That is because “这/那是由于”。This jg J)ecaiise each year millions of smokers die from this habit.这是由于每年都有上百万的吸烟者死于这个习惯。的缘由是，表语从句常用that引导。(3)The reason why .is/was that The reason why the students favor the first one is that they can carry it with them wherever they go.