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1、2015 年中考总复习八年级下册 Unit5 Unit6 重要语法知识点复习Unit5Topic1SectionB 1. How are you doing? =How are you? 你们好吗 ?多用于熟人之间的问候 . How are the things going?2 。invite sb 。 to do sth。 邀请某人做某事invite sb。 (to sp。 ) 邀请某人 (到某地)e。g. Li Ming invited me to his party yesterday evening。昨晚李明邀请我参加他的聚会。3 。one of + 形容词最高级 +可数名词复数中最之
2、一e.g. Tom is one of the most lively boys in our class 。汤姆是我们班最活跃的男生之一。“one of +可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。e。g。 One of the bags is mine. 其中一个书包是我的。4 。say thanks to sb.向某人表示感谢。 类似的短语还有: say hello to sb. 向某人问好;say good-bye to sb. 向某人告别; say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉。e.g. He came here to say good-bye to me. 他来这里向我道
3、别。5。 He felt disappointed. 他感到很失望 . felt 是 feel 的过去式。feel 意为“感觉 ,感到” ,是连系动词,后面接形容词作表语。类似的还有 :taste (尝起来) , smell(闻起来), look(看起来 ),sound(听起来 ).eg.The music sounds wonderful 。这音乐听起来很优美。6。 感官动词:smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来 ),look(看起来),sound(听起来),feel(感觉到)都为系动词,系动词还有get, turn, become ,be 动词等。后加形容词构成系表结构。e。g。 I
4、feel very cold. 我觉得很冷。The sky became dark 。 天暗下来了 . His voice sounded strange on the phone. 他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。Unit5Topic1SectionB 1. seem unhappy 为系表结构, 意为“看起来不高兴 ,unhappy 为形容词。 seem后除了可以加形容词构成系表结构外,还有以下常见的用法 :seem to do sth。 看起来 /似乎做某事e。g。 He seems to know the truth 。他似乎知道真相。It seems/ed+that(as if) 看起来
5、,看样子e。g。 It seems that they know what they re doing。 看起来他们知道自己在干什么。It always seemed as if they would get married. 他们一直看起来仿佛要结婚似的。2 .a ticket for/to sth 。 的票 /入场券e。g。 a ticket to the concert 一张音乐会的入场券3.Beijing Opera=Peking Opera 京剧Unit5Topic1SectionB 1.lonely 孤独的,寂寞的 .alone 与 lonely 比较:alone 既可作副词,又可
6、作形容词,常在句中作表语和状语,说明客观存在。e。g. She left for Shangqiu alone 。 她独自去了商丘。 (状语) Jims parents both went shopping 。 So he is alone at home 。吉姆的父母都去买东西了。因此只有他自己在家。(表语)lonely 形容词,常在句中作表语、定语,侧重人的心理。e。g。 There is a lonely room on the side of the hill. 山坡上有一间孤零零的房子。(定语) The old man seldom speaks to others , but he
7、 never feels lonely. 那老人很少与其他人说话,但他从不感到寂寞。(表语) 2.because of 因为,由于,介词短语 ,后跟名词或相当于名词的短语. e。g。 He was late for work because of illness yesterday 。 他昨天因病上班迟到了。because后跟状语从句 。e。g。 She didnt buy that car then because she hadnt enough money at that time。她当时没买那辆车,是因为她没有足够的钱。3 .noisy 嘈杂的,喧闹的,是noise 的形容词形式 .作
8、“声音”讲的名词还有sound,voice。noise 指令人不愉快的响声、说话声或嘈杂声。e.g. Dont make so much noise. 不要这样喧闹。sound 指可以听到的任何声音。e。g. He opened the door without a sound 。 他悄无声息地开了门。voice 主要指人说话或唱歌时的声音,即“说话声,嗓音”。e.g。 He has a good voice 。 他有一副好嗓子 . 4 .cheer up 使振奋起来,使高兴起来e。g. Our teachers cheer us up in class every day。老师使我们每天在课
9、堂上都很高兴。Cheer on 为加油U5T1SD 1. come into being 诞生,形成e.g。 The CPC came into being in 1921 。 中国共产党诞生于1921年。2 。be full of 装满,充满,同义词组为be filled with 。e。g. The bottle is full of water。=The bottle is filled with water。 瓶子里装满了水 . 3 .be popular with 。.受欢迎e.g. Yao Ming is very popular with Chinese people. 姚明深受
10、中国人的欢迎。4 。make peace with sb。与某人和解e.g。 I want to make peace with Li Hong after fighting. 我和李虹打架后想和解 . 5. in the end 。 。.最后(后面有其它成分)in the end 意思是终于; in the end of 意思是在结束的时候by the end of 意思是到为止 at the end of 意思是在末端 /终点/结尾 In the end, we found the house. 我们终于找到了那所房子 .I am all tired in the end of the d
11、ay 。一天下来我筋疲力尽。(这里 in the end of=at the end of )Let me know by the end of the week. 这个周末前给我回音 . U5T2SA 1 .此句为省略句,完整的句子是:Is there anything wrong? e.g. Is there anything wrong with your head ? 你的头有什么毛病吗?2.I m sorry to hear that 。听到这我感到很难过。be sorry to do sth. 很抱歉做某事e.g. Im very sorry to keep you waiting
12、 so long. 很抱歉让你等这么久。3.badly 为副词 ,修饰动词的副词通常放在被修饰的动词之后。如:listen carefully, read quickly 等.do badly in 在方面做得不好, 与 do well in 意思相反。e。g. Why do you think you did so badly in your text?你认为为什么你考得这么差?He did very well in English when he was young. 他小时候就很擅长英语 . 4.be strict with 对要求严格 ,后面接人作宾语。e.g。 The teacher
13、 is strict with us. 老师对我们要求很严格 . be strict about/in sth 。 在方面要求严格e。g. His father is strict with him about/in study. 他的父亲在学习方面对他要求很严格. 5.She feels very lonely because she has no friends to talk with. 他感到很寂寞, 因为没有朋友可以聊天。不定式短语 to talk with 作后置定语修饰 friends 。e.g. Mary, I cant go there with you, because I
14、 have a lot of homework to do 。玛丽,我不能和你去那儿,因为我有许多家庭作业要做. 6 。 have a talk with sb 。 和某人交谈,talk 在这里是名词 ,这个短语相当于 talk with sb。 。e.g. You should have a talk with your son to know what he is thinking about.= You should talk with your son to know what he is thinking about 。你应该和你儿子谈一谈,弄清楚他在想什么. 类似词组有: have
15、 a walk 散散步 ;have a look 看一看。7.send sth.to sb。=send sb。sth。 把某物寄给某人,类似的用法还有give sth.to sb。=give sb. sth.把某物给某人 ; pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人。e。g。 He will send a postcard to his mother on Mothers Day。= He will send his mother a postcard on Mothers Day。 他要在母亲节那天寄给妈妈一张贺卡。Could you give me th
16、at pen ?= Could you give that pen to me ? 你能把那支钢笔给我吗?He passed the camera to her, so she could take a photo 。 =He passed her the camera so she could take a photo 。 他把相机递给她 ,好让她照相。send sb./sth. to do sth 。 送某人 /物做某事e.g。 Ill send some workers to help you 。我叫几个工人去帮助你。8 .need 需要,在此作实义动词 ,也可以作情态动词。 need
17、作实义动词时,同其他实义动词一样,有人称和时态的变化,其疑问和否定形式都要借助于助动词do/does/did。e。g. Do you need any help? 你需要帮忙吗? I don t need your help, thank you. 谢谢 ,我不需要你来帮助。 need 在疑问句和否定句中可以作情态动词并且没有数和人称形式变化,后面接动词原形,其否定形式为need not/needt。e。g. He need not take the exam. 他不必参加考试 . 9. take it easy. 别紧张,别着急。e。g。Take it easy。 You can do it
18、 very well 。 别着急,你会做得很棒的。10 .try to do sth 。 尽力做某事 e。g. Try to stay calm. 努力保持冷静 . 1)try not to do sth 。 尽量不做某事 e.g。 You should try not to be alone. 你应该尽量不要单独一个人。2)try doing sth. 尝试做某事e.g. You should try doing it like others. 你应该和其他人一样尝试去做。U5T2SB 1。 fail the exam= not pass the exam 考试不及格,fail 不及格,未通
19、过 . e.g。 What will you do if you fail ? 如果你考试失败打算干什么?fail to do sth 。 失败、未能(做到)某事e。g。 Doctors failed to save the girls life. 医生们未能保住那女孩的命. 2 。at ones age 在某人的年龄时e。g。 Your father began to work at your age。 你父亲在你这个年龄就开始工作了。at the age of.。. 在岁时e.g. At the age of seven , he could swim。 在 7 岁时,他就会游泳 . 3
20、.make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事laugh 是宾语 me 的补足语。make后面的宾语补足语可以是不带to 的不定式、 名词、形容词、副词等。e.g. We made him monitor 。 我们选他当班长 . Illness always makes us sad , worried and frightened. 疾病总让我们难过、焦虑和恐惧. Mr. White made us in。 怀特先生让我们进去了。have 和 let 与 make 一样,后面可以跟上不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语, 其结构为:make/have/ let sb. do sth。e。g。 T
21、he landlord made him work day and night in the old days. 在旧社会,地主让他没日没夜地工作. Ill have someone clean out your room 。我会叫人把你的房间打扫干净。The policeman let him wait outside.警察让他在外面等 . 4 。Im sure 。.。 我相信 .sure 为形容词 ,意为“确信的 , 有把握的 。1)be sure + that 从句e。g。 Im sure (that) he is right. 我确信他是对的 . 2)be sure of +名词,意为
22、“对有把握” 。e。g. You are sure of a welcome at my house. 无论你什么时候到我家来都会受到欢迎。3)be sure to do sth。一定会做e.g. You are sure to win the game 。 你们一定会赢得这场比赛。5 There , there! 好啦 ,好啦!there 在这里是语气词,表示安慰别人。6 。 Would you please 。 。.? 好吗?是一种委婉客气的请求,后接动词原形;Would you like 。 。.?意思相当于 Do you want 。 。 。?你想 /愿意吗 ?好吗?后接名词或 to
23、do sth。; Would you mind . ? 你介意吗?后接doing sth。 。e。g. Would you please help me with my English? 请帮我学习英语好吗?e.g. Would you like to pass the salt to me ?把盐递给我好吗 ? Would you mind using your book for a while? 借你的书用一会儿 ,你介意吗?7. suggestion 建议,提议,可数名词 . e。g. Id like to hear your suggestions for ways of raisin
24、g money 。关于筹集资金的办法,我想听听你的意见. make a suggestion 提建议e。g. Can I make a suggestion? 我提个建议好吗?U5T2SC 1 。How time flies! 是 How quickly time flies !的简略形式。时间过得真快!(时光飞逝 !)2 .What s more 此外,而且,是插入语,是一种独立成分,可置于分句或句子之首、之尾或之中。e.g. Whats more , he is only a nine year-old boy。 此外,他只是一个九岁大的男孩. 3。 (1)not as/so 。 。 。
25、as . 不如 ,和不一样。注意: not as/so . as . 。 。 中间用形容词或副词的原级。e.g。 Li Ting isnt as/so tall as Hu Ming。李婷没有胡明高 . (2) as usual 像平常一样,用作状语。e。g.That day, he got up early as usual , but he missed his bus 。那天,他起得像往常一样早,可是他却未赶上公交车 . 4 (1)be used to sth. 习惯,适应get/be used to doing sth.习惯于做e.g. He can t get used to the
26、 weather here 。他不习惯这儿的天气。I am used to getting up early。 我习惯于早起 . (2)used to do sth.过去常常做某事(现在不做了)e.g. I used to watch TV after supper。 以前晚饭后我常看电视。5 accept 收到,接受 ,同义词还有 receive。 receive 表示客观上收到别人给予的东西,不含收件人是否愿意接受;而accept 则强调主观上愿意接受。e.g. Our teacher always receives many cards on TeachersDay. 我们的老师在教师节
27、总会收到许多卡片. He asked her to marry him and she accepted。 他向她求婚,她接受了。6.be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事,可与be afraid of doing sth 。 转换。e.g. The little boy is afraid to touch the fire again 。= The little boy is afraid of touching the fire again。 那男孩再也不敢碰火了。be afraid of (doing) sth. 害怕(做)某事(物)e.g。 The girl is af
28、raid of dogs。 这个女孩怕狗。Im afraid of going out alone at night。 晚上我不敢独自外出 . U5T2SD 1 .deal with 处理,解决,对付 ,后接名词。e。g。 Who will help you to deal with the problem?谁愿帮你解决这个问题呢?同义短语: do with 处置,处理 (可换用)e.g。What did you do with the old books? 你怎么处理那些旧书?2 。go mad 发疯,go 在此是连系动词,后多跟形容词,意思是“变得,变为,成为,处于某种状态”。e。g. H
29、er hair is going grey. 她的头发在变白。3. elder, old 的比较级 ,意为“年龄较大的 ,年长的” 。old 有两个比较级,即older和 elder.elder 只能用在表示称谓的名词前表示长、幼关系,不可作表语。e.g. his elder sister 他的姐姐4。 refuse to do sth。拒绝做某事e.g。The student refused to do as the teacher said。 这个学生拒绝按照老师说的做. 5 。be angry with/at sb 。 生某人的气e.g。Please dont be angry with
30、/at me. It wasn t my fault. 请不要冲我发脾气 ,不是我的错。be angry at/about sth. 因为某事而生气e.g。The passengers were angry at/ about the delay。 延误使乘客气愤不已。6 .even though 即使,与 even if 意思相同。e。g。 Ill help you, even though/if I dont sleep for a night。即使我一夜不睡觉,也要帮助你。though还有“虽然,可是,纵然”之意,引导让步状语从句,不与 but 在同一个句子当中连用 ,与 because
31、 , so用法相同。e。 g. Though it was dark outside, he still went to the factory 。 =It was dark outside, but he still went to the factory。 虽然外面很黑 ,但他还是去了工厂。7。 not。.。any longer 不再,相当于 no longer 。1) not。 。 。any longer 指时间上不再延长,多与持续性动词连用。e。g。 He didnt live in Beijing any longer。 他不再住在北京了 . 2) not。.any more = n
32、o more 指程度上或做某事的次数不再增加,多与短暂性动词连用。e.g. You will not see him any more 。 你将再也见不到他了。U5T3SA 1. give (sb。) a speech 做报告 ,做演讲e.g。 Our school will invite a scientist to give us a speech about feelings next week.下周,我们学校将邀请一位科学家给我们做一个关于情感的报告。U5T3SB 1 .be confident about 。.意为“对有信心” 。e.g. Im confident about pas
33、sing the exam。我有信心通过考试。 We should be confident about ourselves. 我们应该对自己有信心。2。 in a bad mood 心情糟糕 in a good mood 心情愉快 in good health 健康状况良好 e。g。 He is in good health all the time. 他身体状况一直很好。3 。What about doing sth 。意为“做某事怎么样” ,与 How about doing sth. 同义. 类似提建议的句型还有: Why don t you/we do sth.?Why not do
34、 sth 。 ?Lets do sth。Wed better do sth. 4 .be proud of。.。以为骄傲,同义词组为take (a) pride in. 。 。e。g. I am proud of our great country。=I take(a) pride in our great country.我为我们伟大的祖国而感到骄傲。5. give sb。 a surprise=give a surprise to sb.给某人一个惊喜,此句中surprise是名词,意为“惊喜,惊奇” 。 to ones surprise 使某人惊奇的是; surprised作表语形容词
35、,be surprised to do sth 。 做某事感到惊奇 ;be surprised at sth 。 对某事感到惊奇 surprising 既可作表语,又可作定语.e。g。 a surprising story 一个惊人的故事 Its very surprising. 非常惊奇。6 .put on 在这里意为“上映,放映. 它还有“穿上,戴上 之意,反义词组为 take off 脱掉,脱下。e。 g。They are going to put on a new play 。他们打算上映一部新剧。 It s very warm here。 Take off your coat, pl
36、ease!这儿很暖和,请脱掉你的大衣吧!put 常见的短语还有 put sth。 away 把某物收拾好 ;put off 推迟;put up 挂起,举起, 贴 (广告等);put out 扑灭,熄灭; put down 记下,放下等 . 2)play 在这儿作名词,意为“戏剧 ,短剧” ,它还可以作动词 ,意为“打,踢,玩,弹” 。e.g。 play basketball 打篮球 play football 踢足球 play the piano 弹钢琴 The boy likes playing with his dog。 这个男孩喜欢和他的狗玩耍。7 .get ready for sth
37、。意为“为某事做准备 。与“ prepare for sth 。 ”同义。后面还可以接动词不定式: get ready to do sth 。 /prepare to do sth.e 。 g. We are getting ready for the party。我们正在为聚会做准备 . U5T3SC 1. especially 格外地,特别地,副词,通常用于强调某事物,或表示该事物比其他被谈论的事物更值得一提或更重要。e。g。 It can be especially difficult for drivers to see cyclists at night. 汽车司机夜间特别不容易看到
38、骑车人。2 。be crowded with 。 。 。意为“挤满了 ,充满了”。e。g. The amusement park is crowded with children 。游乐园里挤满了孩子们。3. have trouble/difficult (in) doing sth。意为“做某事有困难 。e。g。 I had trouble (in) finding my new house。我找到新房子有困难。4. hope to do sth。意为“希望做某事”,后面还可以接从句, 但不能说“hope sb。to do sth。 ” 。e.g. We hope to win the ga
39、me. 我们希望赢得比赛 . 5。 come to sb.意为“被想出,被想到” 。U5T3SD 1. in good spirits 心情好e。g. All the workers are working in good spirits。 全体工人都心情愉快地工作。2. exercise 在此句中是动词,意为“锻炼” 。e.g. She is exercising in the gym. 她正在体育馆里锻炼。exercise 还可作名词 ,意为“锻炼 ;练习” 。e。g。 Li Gang often does morning exercis es in the morning. 李刚在早晨经
40、常做早操。There are 6 math exercis es on Page 20 。 第 20 页上有 6 道数学练习。3 。think. 。 。over 认真考虑 ,仔细盘算e。g。 He would like more time to think things over. 他希望有更多的时间来把事情考虑周详. think about 考虑(是否去做 )e.g。 Did you think about going there by plane? 你考虑过乘飞机去那儿吗 ? think of 想起,认为e.g。 Shes thinking of changing her job. 她在考
41、虑换工作 . 4 .make a decision 做决定; make a good/bad decision 做出一个好的(坏的)决定。decide 决定,动词。 decide to do sth.决定做某事 . e.g。 They decided to help Jeff deal with his sadness. 他们决定帮助杰夫化解忧伤。U6T1SA 1。 a threeday visit 为期三天的参观。数词 +名词的单数构成形容词作定语,类似的短语还有: girls 800-meter race.女子八百米赛跑。2 。find out 发现,查出真相e.g。 Can you fi
42、nd out the truth about it? 你能查出事情的真相吗?区分 find, find out, look for 1 )find 找到,发现,通常指找到或发现具体的东西 ,强调找的结果。e。g。 I cant find my shoes。 我找不到鞋子了 . 2)find out 找出,发现,查明,多指通过调查询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白” ,通常含有困难曲折的过程。e。g。 We may never find out the truth about what happened. 我们也许永远无法弄清发生了什么事。3)look for 寻找,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”
43、这一动作。e.g。 Im looking for my keys. I cant find them。我在寻找我的钥匙。我找不到它们。3。 I ll ask the airline over the phone 。 我将打电话问问航空公司。此句还可说成 Ill phone and ask the airline. phone 既可作动词,意为“打电话,也可作名词,意为“电话,电话机” 。 e。g. May I use the phone in your office?我可以借用你办公室的电话吗?4 .1)decide on/upon 决定,选定e.g。 Were trying to decid
44、e on a school 。我们正在设法选定一个学校。2)decide to do sth.决定要做某事e.g. He decides to visit the Mount Huang this summer holiday 。暑假他决定要参观黄山。5 .the best way to do。 。 。 做的最好方式 ,这里的动词作前面名词的定语。e.g. The best way to keep healthy is to do more exercises. 保持健康的最好方式是多做运动。U6T1SB 1. Kangkang is booking train tickets to Moun
45、tain Tai。 康康正预订到泰山的火车票. 句中的 book 是动词,意为“订票 ,预订” , 相当于 order 。order/book a room for sb 。/sth。为订房间。e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th 。 我们想预订一些 14 号那天的房间。2 .We have tickets at ¥145 for the hard sleeper and ¥224 for the soft sleeper 。我们有硬卧票 145元,软卧票 224 元。1)句中的介词 at 意为“以,在 ,一般用于表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面
46、。e。g。 He is driving at 70 mph. 他正以时速 70英里的速度驾车行驶。2)句中的 for 意为“供,适合于”。e。g. Ive got two tickets for the Cup Final. 我弄到两张决赛的票。3 21 tickets for the hard sleeper =21 hard sleeper tickets 4 .pay for 支付的费用e.g. I have to pay for the damage 。 我不得不赔偿损失。pay for sb. to do sth 。 付钱给某人做某事e。g。 Her parents paid for
47、 her to go to America. 她的父母支付她去美国的费用. pay some money for sth.花多少钱买某物e.g。 I paid ¥80 for the ticket. 我花了 80 元买这张票。与 pay 搭配的词组还有很多 .如:pay back 偿还,还钱(给某人) ;pay off 还清. U6T1SC 1.borrow sth. from sb。从某人中借来某事物,相对于主语来说是借进来东西。eg. Can I borrow some books from you?我能从你那儿借些书吗?lend sth 。 to sb。 把某物借给某人。相对于主语来说是
48、借出去。 eg. Can you lend your pen to me?你能把你的铅笔借给我吗?2.give a show 演出,作秀。 eg。 The actors can give a show out in the open in afew minutes after they arrive. 演员到达后 ,几分钟内就会演出。 give sb。 a show 给某人展示.eg。 Lets give our teachers a good show. 让我们给我们的老师们一个良好的展示吧。 eg。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。3. put on 上
49、演,穿上4 。1)look forward to 意为“期待,盼望” ,其中 to 是介词,不是不定式符号 ,后面应接名词、名词性词组、代词或动名词,且常用于进行时。e.g. Im really looking forward to our vacation. 我非常期待假期的到来 . 2) hear from sb.=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb。= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等。e.g. I didnt hear from my parents
50、until now。 I miss them very much. 直到现在我才收到父母的来信,我非常想念他们。U6T1SD 1 .take photos 拍照2 。get to = reach = arrive in/at 到达某地3. sometimes 有时候U6T2SA 1 .I d like to speak to Michael. 我想找 Michael 接电话 . 打电话时的常用语。也可以这样说:May I speak to Michael?找迈克尔接电话好吗?2。这是一种简略的说法,完整的说法是:I m glad to receive your postcard。 类似的说法有