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1、福州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试模拟英语第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWELCOME TO ALPINE ASCENTSFor most people, Qomolangma is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. If youre considering giving it a shot, go with the best possible service provider. Alpine Ascents has been
2、expert in providing training for Qomolangma mountaineering. From the guidance to the organization we have the best in the international climbing community.Our mission and goalsUsing the best climbing talent, we offer the opportunity for climbers at all levels to achieve their personal desire through
3、 quality, challenging, safe and fun training sessions. Training arrangementsPhysical trainingClimbing trainingWhat to do: Hike outdoors, gradually increasing the pack weight until you feel comfortable carrying a 50-60 lbs. pack.A month from your climb: Feel comfortable hiking on days on end with at
4、least 60 lbs. on the outings.Strength trainingWhat to do: Train with gym machines to build overall strength, particularly in the core, upper back, shoulders and legs.In the beginning period: Build a foundation for tougher training. Always be sure to keep proper forms in order to prevent injury.Menta
5、l trainingWhat to do: Manage stress, stay positive and keep on good terms with fellow climbers.Push your mental strength just as much.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When my daughters reached the third and fourth grades, I occasionally allowed them to walk to and from school alone if the weathe
6、r permitted. One warm spring day, a little dog followed them home after school. It had short legs and long lovely ears, with a fawn-colored coat. It was the cutest dog I had ever seen and the girls begged me to keep it.The dog was barely twelve weeks old. It had no collar or identifying marks of any
7、 sort. I didnt know what to do. I thought about running an advertisement in the lost-and-found but I really didnt want to. It would break the kids hearts if someone should show up. Besides, its owners should have watched it more closely.By the end of the week the dog was part of our family. It was v
8、ery intelligent and good with the girls. The following week something told me to check the lost-and-found section in the local paper. One particular advertisement jumped out at me and my heart pounded with fear at what I read. Someone was begging for the return of a lost dog in the neighborhood of o
9、ur grade school. They sounded desperate. My hand shook. I couldnt bring myself to pick up the phone.Instead, I pretended I hadnt seen the advertisement. I quickly put paper away in the drawer and continued with my dusting. I never said a word about it to the kids or my husband.By now we had named th
10、e dog. It looked like a Molly, so that was what we called it. It followed the girls everywhere they went. When they went outside, it was one step behind them. When they did housework, it was there to lend a hand.There was only one problem with this otherwise perfect picture: my conscience （良心） was b
11、othering me. I knew in my heart I had to call that number and see if our Molly was the dog they were desperately seeking. It was the most difficult thing Ive ever done.Paragraph 1:With mixed feelings, I finally picked up the receiver and dialed.Paragraph 2:One look at Molly and the womans face lit u
12、p like a Christmas tree.参考答案1. D 2. D 3. A本文为一篇应用文。介绍的是为正考虑尝试攀登珠峰人士提供服务和指导的Alpine Ascents 服务中心。1 .细节理解题。根据第一段中Alpine Ascents has been expert in providing training for Qomolangma mountaineering. From the guidance to the organization-we have the best in the international climbing community. （Alpine As
13、cents是为珠峰登山提供培训的专家。从指导到 组织，我们拥有国际攀岩界最好的。）可知，Alpine Ascents是专门为攀登珠峰提供培训的登 山服务中心。故选D。2 .细节理解题。根据题干中的“key to reaching the summit”（达到顶峰的关键）可将答案定 位至“Mental training”（精神培训|）部分，根据该部分中“Mental toughness is the most significant to reaching the top.（要想攀上顶峰，最重要的是意志坚强。）可知，到达巅峰最重要的是坚 强的意志。故选D。3 .细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Ple
14、ase note the following”（请注意以下事项）中的“Our absolute advantage: Small team sizes with our climber-to-guide ratio being 4: 1 or less.（我们的 绝对优势：团队规模较小，登山者与向导的比例为4:1或更少。）可知，Alpine Ascents的 最大特点是：小型团队。故选A。4 . D 5. A 6. C 7. D这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了科学家一项新的研究，人们可以被分为概念型思考者和 实验型思考者，而这两种人会在不同的时期达到顶峰。5 .细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容：
15、This idea of “peaking at different times inspired new research from the United States. Many people believe that creativity is exclusively associated with youth, but it really depends on what kind of creativity youre talking about J said Bruce Weinberg, a professor of economics at the University of C
16、hicago and co-author of the study.（这个 在不同时间达到“高峰”的想法启发了美国的新研究。许多人认为创造力只与年轻人有关，但 它实际上取决于你所谈论的创造力的类型，芝加哥大学经济学教授、这项研究的合著者布 鲁斯温伯格说。）和文章第四段内容“According to the study, published earlier this month in the journal De Economist, there are two types of people: conceptual and experimental thinkers.（根据 本月早些时候发表在
17、经济学家杂志上的这项研究，有两种类型的人：概念型和实验型。） 可知，研究表明概念思考者和实验思考者在不同的时期达到顶峰。故选D项。6 .细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box, coming up with new ideas before they become used to the conventional way of doing things.”可知，概念型思考者跳出思维定式，在习惯传统的做事方式之前想出新的想法。 故选A项。7 .细节理解题。根据
18、文章第七段内容“These are experimental thinkers who have been in their fields for a long time. This allows them to learn from errors and experiment with different processes, before eventually finding new solutions.”可知，实验型思考者在自己的领域已经有很 长时间了，这使得他们能够从错误中学习，并尝试不同的过程，最终找到新的解决方案。故 选C项。8 .推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“He added t
19、hat their study isn*t limited to economics, saying it can apply to other creative disciplines”可知，在他看来，他们的研究不仅限于经济学，还可 以应用于其他创造性学科。选项 DTxperimental thinkers from other fields may succeed in their 50s.提到“其他领域的实验型思考者家可能会在50多岁时获得成功”与他的观点“该研究成 果也适用于其他需要创新的知识领域”一致。故选D项。【点睛】细节理解题考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数
20、字等议论文中例证细节和定义 类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章 中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。事实细节题一寻读法分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问， 或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。比如文章的第2小题：2. What is the characteristic of conceptual thinkers?A. They tend to challenge conventional rules. B. They arc
21、 creative due to their young ages.C. They are likely to follow traditional rules. D. They fail to come up with new ideas.直接理解题。题干关键词the characteristic of conceptual thinkers”，利用寻读法定位到文章原 文内容“Classified as conceptual thinkers, these people think outside of the box, coming up with new ideas before the
22、y become used to the conventional way of doing things.”通过分析对比可知，选项 A“They tend to challenge conventional rules.与原文信息一致。故答案为 A 项。8. A 9. B 10. D 11. D这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋的噪音导致宽吻海豚采用简化叫声并提高音量的方式 来进行交流，以对抗船舶的噪音。8 .细节理解题。根据第五段“But what they found was that dolphins simplified their whistles and raised their
23、 pitch when they were competing with shipping noise, which apparently helps, but could also hurt their ability to communicate.（但他们发现，海豚在与船运噪音竞争时简化了叫声 并提高了音调，这显然有助于但也可能损害它们的沟通能力）”可知，当海豚不得不与船运噪 音竞争时，它们会提高音调。故选A项。9 .词句猜测题。根据第三段“Just like if were in a raucous bar, we have to shout to each other. And the
24、y might have to do that too.（就像如果我们在一个raucous酒吧里，我们不得不彼此大 喊。它们可能也不得不这么做）”以及常识可知，当处于喧闹的酒吧时，我们会不得不彼此大 喊，以便于被听到。由此推知，划线单词表示“喧闹的，与noisy同义。故选B项。10 .推理判断题。根据第六段By using simpler calls, yes, there is a risk that theyre not communicating as much information as they would if it was quieter. Also for younger d
25、olphins they actually learn these sounds from hearing other dolphins. So theyre hearing this much simpler language.（通过使用更简单的叫声，是的，存在着这样的风险，即它们的信息交流不如安静 时那么多。此外，对于年轻的海豚来说，它们实际上是通过听其他海豚的声音来学习这些声 音的。因此，它们正在听这种更简单的语言）”可推知，如果海洋噪音的情况继续恶化，那么 海豚将使用更多简单的叫声，年轻海豚能听到的声音是更简单的，将逐渐失去表达复杂信息 的能力。故选D项。11 .主旨大意题。根据第一段
26、Bottlenose dolphins simplify and raise the pitch of their whistles to be heard above underwater shipping noise.（宽吻海豚简化并提高其哨声的音高，以便在水下运 输噪音上方听到厂以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了海洋的噪音导致宽吻海豚采用简化叫 声并提高音量的方式来进行交流，以对抗船舶的噪音。由此可知，“宽吻海豚在船只的噪音 下发出简化的叫声”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。12 . C 13. B 14. D 15. B这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了于周二在北京开幕的2022中国民族影像志摄影
27、双年展，它是中国56个民族团结的精神家园，中华民族文化是丰富多元的，中国各民族应相互了解、 团结和睦。12 .细节理解题。根据第四段第二句His photos document his in-depth exploration of Daliyaboyi, a village in Yutian county, Northwest Chinas Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.（ 他的照片记 录了他对达里亚博伊村的深入探索，达里亚博伊村位于中国西北部的新疆维吾尔自治区玉田 县。）”和最后一句Escaping from a tough environment,
28、the herdsman establishes a new life for himself and his family that blends tradition and modernity4从艰苦的环境中逃离出来，牧民为自 己和家人建立了一种融合了传统和现代的新生活。y可知，在新疆，牧民从沙漠搬到城镇， 过上了新生活。因此，刘辉的作品反映出新疆少数民族的生活得到了改善。故选c项。13 .推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句 The cutting hair ceremony is one of the most important and grand ceremonies on the pa
29、th to adulthood among ethnic Mongolians.During the ceremony, elders send their best wishes for the future to the children taking part, while songs and speeches of praise full of traditional values reveal the rich characteristics of the ethnic group.（剪发仪式是蒙 古族成人道路上最重要、最隆重的仪式之一。在仪式中，长辈们向参加的孩子们送上他们对 未来
30、的祝福，而充满传统价值观的歌曲和演讲则展示了丰富的民族特色。广可知，从闫淑珍 的作品可以看出剪发礼是蒙古族人重要且盛大的仪式，体现了长辈对孩子的关爱和美好的祝 愿。故选B项。14 .细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句The herdsman and his family have benefited from local poverty-relief policies, moving from the desert to a new town with paved roads.（牧民和他的 家人受益于当地的扶贫政策，从沙漠搬到了一个铺设了道路的新城。厂可知，牧民摆脱贫困 的原因是扶贫政策，即政府
31、的支持。故选D项。15 .观点态度题。根据最后一段As a spiritual home for the unity of Chinas 56 ethnic groups, the Biennale has demonstrated its profound significance in promoting mutual understanding and unity among different ethnic groups in the country.（作为中国56个民族团结的精神家园，双年展对 促进中国不同民族之间的相互了解和团结具有深远的意义。广可知作者对这次展览持有积极、 支持的
32、态度。故选B项。16 . D 17. A 18. E 19. B 20. G本文是一篇说明文，就如何成为一个好朋友提出了几点建议。16 .根据本空后的To be a good friend and de叩en a friendship, just follow these steps.”可知， 要想成为一个好朋友，加深友谊，只需遵循以下几步，故D项（当然，要想拥有好朋友, 你本身得是一个好朋友）符合语境。17 .根据本空前的its okay if you break a promise once in a blue moon.”可知，违背一次诺言 没关系，故A项（然而，不要让违背诺言成为经常的
33、事情）符合语境。18 .本段主要讲的是有错要承认，即人并不是完美的，要勇于承认错误，让朋友信任你，故 E项（如果你想让你的朋友相信你，你就不能表现得像一个完美的人）符合语境。19 .空处为小标题，下文讲述了朋友遇到困难时要给予帮助，故B项（帮助朋友解决困难） 符合语境。20 .上文说要给朋友一定的空间，再根据本空后的“Don* be jealous （妒忌的）if your friend has lots of other friends.”可知，如果你的朋友有很多朋友你不要妒忌，G项（如果你的朋友想独 处或者和别人出去，你要尽力理解）符合语境。【点睛】过渡句是七选五的常见考点，被选选项一定要
34、起到承上启下的作用，既要对应上文 话题，又要引出下文内容，例如本篇第1题，上文提到了友谊这个话题，再根据本空后的“To be a good friend and deepen a friendship Just follow these steps.可知，要想成为一个好朋友， 加深友谊，只需遵循以下几步，故D项（当然，要想拥有好朋友，你本身得是一个好朋友） 符合语境，既对应了友谊这一话题，又引出了下文如何成为一个好朋友的几点建议。21 . D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C32. A 33. B 34. A
35、 35. C本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了小公主信托慈善机构为因癌症治疗或其他各种医疗原因而失 去头发的儿童提供假发。一名收到免费假发的小女孩深受感动，于是决定自己也做一些慈善 的事情，帮助其他和她处境相似的孩子。21 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：它为因癌症治疗或其他各种医疗原因而失去头发的儿童提供 假发。A. confidence 信心;B. goal 目标；C. skin 皮肤;D. hair 头发。根据上文“It provides wigs （假发）for children”可知，此处指儿童失去了自己的头发。故选D。22 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. visual视觉的;B.medi
36、cal医学的;C. reliable可靠 的；D. false假的。根据上文“through cancer treatment”可知，此处指因癌症治疗或其他各种 医疗原因而失去头发。故选B。23 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：小女孩在两岁时就患上了脱发，她从来没有因为头发少而感 至U尴尬。A. lack 缺乏；B. benefit 利益；C. recovery 恢复；D. definition 定义。根据who suffered from alopecia （脱发症）at the age of two”可知，小女孩应该是头发很少。故选A。24 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到她开始上学，她才想要戴上
37、假发，这样她就可以看起来 像她的同学以及她最喜欢的一些公主。A. hospital医院；B.school学校；C. company公司； D.gym体育馆。根据下文“like her fellow classmates”可知，小女孩开始上学了。故选B。25 .考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. act行动;B.play玩；C.sound听起来；D.look看起 来。根据语境及常识可知，小女孩想戴假发是为了看起来像她的同学以及她最喜欢的一些公 主。故选D。26 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我戴假发的前一天，我非常开心。A. scared害怕的；B. confused 困惑的；C. happy 高
38、兴的;D. upset 伤心的。根据上文“she wanted to get a wig”可 知，得到自己想要的假发，肯定是很开心的。故选C。27 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：小公主信托基金知道我已经脱发了，所以他们给了我一个假 发，让我看起来好像我的头发已经长长了。A. introduced介绍；B. gave给；C. recommended 推荐；D. shown 展示。 根据上文“Rosie Honeywood was happy to receive her new locks from a charity, Little Princess Trust.”可知，小公主信托基金给了小女孩一
39、个假发。故选B。28 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. slow慢的；B. odd奇怪的；C.long长的；D. tall 高的。根据上文“The youngster, who suffered from alopecia （脱发症）at the age of two”及常识可 知，小女孩戴上假发后，看起来好像她的头发已经长长了。故选C。29 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当罗西收到她的假发时，她问妈妈为什么不用付钱。A. received 收至lj； B. bought 买；C. spotted 认出，弄脏；D. cycled 使循环。根据上文“Rosie Honeywood was hap
40、py to receive her new locks from a charity, Little Princess Trust”可知， 小女孩收到 了一个假 发。故选A。30 .考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.bringin引进；B. hold back阻碍；C.get through获得 通过；D. pay for 支付。根据下文“Her mom explained how charities like the Little Princess Trust n.”可知，小公主信托基金是慈善机构，因此小女孩不需要为假发付钱。故选D。31 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的妈妈解释了像小公主信托基
41、金这样的慈善机构是如何工 作的。A. appear 出现；B. vary 改变；C. work 工作；D. tell 告诉。根据下文“After hearing about the process”可知，女孩的妈妈解释了像小公主信托基金这样的慈善机构是如何工作的。故选 Co32 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：在听说了这个过程后，罗茜很乐意帮助其他和她处境相似的 孩子。A. help帮助；B. prevent避免;C.identify确定；D. observe观察，遵守。根据下文“Together with her mum, she wanted to 13 to complete the 5 km
42、 along the seafront （海边）to raise money for the charity.”可知，小女孩很乐意帮助其他和她处境相似的孩子。故选A。33 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想和妈妈一起训练，沿着海边跑完5公里，为慈善机构筹 款。A. pretend 假装；B. train 训练；C. assist 协助；D. forget 忘记。根据下文“complete the 5 km along the seafront （海边）”可知，此处指和妈妈一起训练，沿着海边跑完5公里。故选B。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人上周完成了第一次5公里的练习，已经达到了筹款目标。A.
43、 completed 完成；B. rented 租借；C. preferred 更喜欢；D. collected 收集。根据上文“Together with her mum, she wanted to 13 to complete the 5 km along the seafront （海边）to raise money for the charity.”可知，小女孩和妈妈完成了第一次5公里的练习。故选A。35 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对慈善机构的每个人以及他们所做的事情印象深刻，能资 助尽可能多的假发是一件很棒的事。A. church教堂；B. community社区；C.chari
44、ty慈善机 构；D. kindergarten 幼儿园。根据下文“and it would be amazing to fund as many wigs as we can.” 可知，此处指慈善机构。故选C。36 . the 37. as 38. What 39. appearance 40. has 41. thickness 42. more 43. b egan 44. eventually 45. depending本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的书法艺术。37 .考查冠词。形容词same,通常与the连用。句意：绘画和书法是同时代的，使用同样的 工具，即笔墨。故填the。38
45、 .考查固定短语。短语be regard as被视为。句意：然而，书法在绘画之前很久就被 视为一门艺术。故填as。39 .考查名词性从句。主语从句中，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。句意：使文字与众不 同的是它的视觉形式。故填What。40 .考查名词。形容词abstract后接名词形式。句意：然而，尽管书法外观抽象，但它并不 是抽象的形式。故填appearance。41 .考查主谓一致。句中主语为单数名词use,谓语动词故用单数形式。句意：笔墨的使用 与此有很大关系。故填has。42 .考查名词。定冠词the和介词of之间用名词形式。句意：书法家可以通过改变水和固体 墨水的量来控制墨水的浓度
46、。故填thickness。Never give up: Going into Qomolangma with a weak mind wont get far. Mental toughness is the most significant to reaching the top. When you want to stop, dont.* Please note the following:Our absolute advantage: Small team sizes with our climber-to-guide ratio being 4: 1 or less.Scheduled
47、 lead guides for 2023: Ben Jones along with Jangbu Sherpa and Eric Murphy.You can find additional training resources at www. BodyResults. com for training articles, training books and DVDs, and pay fees for online mountaineering-specific training.1. What is Alpine Ascents?A. A hikers community.B. A
48、charity organization.C. An extreme-sports foundation.D. A mountaineering service center.2. Which of the following is key to reaching the summit according to the text?A.Climbing training.B.Strength training.C.Teamwork training.D.Mental training.3. What does Alpine Ascents feature in?A.Small-sized teams.B.Popular tour guides.C.Free online resources.D.Flexible arrangements.BNobel prize-winners, legendary（传奇的）authors, and famous scientistsyou might think all these people were born to be creative. However, thats not always the case.While well-known figures like Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein d