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1、郑州四中2023届高三年级第二次调考英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Make It Modular: Student Design Challenge!Imagine your community as a material bank, rich with resources to reuse. How could you improve the built environment by upcycling waste, circulating （循环）existing ma
2、terials, or regenerating nature? Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.Designing for deconstruction, involves a modular approach in which building elements could be easily reconfigured, reimagined, and repurposed over time.
3、Your design should:Include an approximately 20 long x 8 wide x 9.6 high volumetric moduleBe relevant to one of the following uses:* Affordable Housing*Covid-era Public Space*Reimagined Outdoor ClassroomApproach the task with a real-world perspective, demonstrating skills and knowledge from one or mo
4、re of the following fields: architecture, engineering, construction, and/or the skilled tradesRequirements:1. Open to students ages 13-21 and currently enrolled （入学）in high school or homeschooled.2. All entries MUST share the entrants grade level in the introductory step.3. Submissions must be enter
5、ed between March 7, 2022, and June 20, 2022.If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Ivstructableguide for more information.The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.En
6、tries will be judged based on the following criteria:*3D Digital Literacy （能力）and Design;*Engineering Mindset;第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The world is full of distractions. Unfortunately, the world also requires us to work. Coping with the first while still doing en
7、ough of the second is . sorry, where am I?Ah, yes, the world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites （尘蜻）under the sofa. Somet
8、imes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. 16So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? 17 And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens awaythey attract our attention even if they
9、 are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more.18 If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to musi
10、c or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity.19 Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who d
11、idnt play.20 In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation1
12、on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them. Or if that doesnt work, just go play with your phone.A. Not all distractions are bad, however.B. Switching between tasks can also help.C. Creativity can benefit from d
13、istraction too.D. Switching off email or messaging services helps.E. But you are not good at dealing with distractions.F. If you have trouble concentrating, I suggest you try the following ideas.G. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.【答案】16.G17.D18. A19. C20. B
14、【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走神的 时候保持专注提出了一些建议。【16题详解】根据上文 If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. Tf you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites under the sofa. Sometimes it takes
15、 even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus.可知如果你在办公室工作，可能会通过电子邮件、电话或同事提出问题。如果你在家，可能 是冰箱里的东西或沙发下突然粘上了尘螭。有时甚至只需更少的事物就能转移你的注意力。如果你正坐着 工作，旁边有人说了一些特别有趣的话，这会吸引你的注意力。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，世界上充 满了让人分心的事情，如果你一不小心被这些东西转移了注意力，那么你
16、的一天就会一事无成。故G选项“如果你一不小心，你这一天就会一事无成”符合上下文语境，故选G。【17题详解】根据后文 And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens awaythey attract our attention even if they are off,可知把你的智能手机和其他不相关的屏幕放在一边一一即使它们处于关闭状态，它们也会吸引我们的注 意力。由此可知，此处是在说明关闭有网络通讯的电子产品或将这些产品放在一边，能够有助于在走神的 时候保持专注。故D选项“关闭电子邮件或信息服务会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选D。【18
17、题详解】根据后文 If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity. nJ 知如果你在做一些重复性的事情，比如装信封或砌砖，那么听音乐、听播客或和同事聊天会让你分心，这 最终会提高工作效率。由此可知，此处是在说明并不是所有的
18、分心都是不好的，有些分心会提高工作效 率。故A选项“然而，并不是所有的分心都是不好的”符合上下文语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据后文 Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people playedMinesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn t play.可知威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Jihae Sh
19、in发现，当人们在想出新商业点子前玩扫雷五分 钟时，他们比不玩的人更有创造力。由此可知，分散注意力对创造力也有好处。后文中creative “创造性 的”可对应到C选项中Creativity “创造力”。故C选项“分散注意力对创造力也有好处”符合上下文语 境，故选C。【20题详解】根据后文 But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent “cognitive fixation” on ineffective approaches. So
20、 if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.可知但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮 助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起 来，然后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。由此可知，本段是在建议在不同的任务之间切换，可以有助于保 持专注。故B选项“在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题L
21、 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I 21 my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading
22、 four 22 each morning.And that was the problem: I was acting 23 I were 24 in the office. My body was on vacation but my head wasnt.So this year I made up my mind to try something 25: getting away from the Internet. I knew itwouldnt be easy, since Im not good at 26, But I was determined. I started by
23、 handing the iPad to mywife. Then, a stroke of luck: The cell phone signal at our cabin was 27 than in the past, meaning that I couldnt cheat. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan. Largely 28 from e-mail, Twitter and my favorite newspaper websites, I had little way to connect to the world 29ra
24、dioand how much radio canone listen to, really? I had no 30 but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.This experience has had a 31 ending-for now, at least. With determination and the strong supportof my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle 32 the Internet. I 33 realized that it
25、wasme, of course, not the iPad, that was the problem.I knew I had 34 when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use theWiFi. Dont need it,“ I said.35, as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins: Can I36 when Vm back at work? And I dont plan to 37 my convenience 3
26、8. But Ihope to resist the temptation （诱惑）to check my e-mail every five minutes,39 often leads to followingmy Twitter feed.I think a vacation is supposed to help you rest your 40 to become more productive （有效的）.HereI hope this one worked.21. A. receivedB. checkedC. wroteD. recognized22. A. newspaper
27、sB. magazinesC. journalsD. letters23. A. so thatB. ever sinceC. even though!), as if24. A. evenB. stillC. onceD. more25. A. upsetB. differentC. crazyD. calm26. A. self-controlB. self-confidenceC. self-respectD. self-improvement27. A. betterB. strongerC. worseD. less28. A. set offB. turn offC. cut of
28、fl). put off29. A. more thanB. except forC. instead ofD. rather than30. A. ideaB. wayC. meansD. choice31. A. meaninglessB. hopefulC. happyD. peaceful32. A. againstB. forC. toD. in33. A. entirelyB. frequentlyC. finallyD. gradually34. A. wonB. lostC. sufferedD. recovered35. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. Ot
29、herwiseD. Anyway36. A. stopB. escapeC. continueD. change37. A. give inB. give upC. give offD. give away38. A. exactlyB. completelyC. eventuallyD. generally39. A. thatB. whenC. whichD. who40. A. bodyB. heartC. brainD. thought【答案】21. B22. A23. D24. B25. B26. A27. C28. C29. B30. D31. C32. A33. C34. A35
30、. B36. C37. B38. B39. C40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在假期进行的一场远离网络的战争。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有去欣赏自然，而是查看我的电子邮件。A. received收到；B. checked查 看；C. wrote 写； D. recognized 辨认出。 根据前文 “Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modem convenience: the iPad.”可知，平板电脑毁了作者的暑假，是因为他在平板电脑上查看邮件，因此作 者没有去欣赏大自
31、然而是去查看电子邮件。故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天早上都读四份报纸，而不是读好看的小说。A. newspapers报纸；B.magazines 杂志；C. journals 期刊；D. letters 信件。根据后文的 “my favorite newspaper websites” 可知，作 者每天要看新闻，因此作者早上都要读报纸。故选A项。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里。A. so that以便；B.ever since 自从;C. even though 虽然；D. as if 好像。根据前文 uLast year
32、 I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I 1 my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four 2 each morning.v可 知，暑假里，每天作者都在平板电脑上看新闻，这让作者表现得不是在放假，而好像是在上
33、班。故选D 项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是问题所在：我表现得好像还在办公室里。A. even甚至；B. still还；C. once 曾经； D. more 更多。 根据前文 “Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad. Instead of looking at nature, I 1 my e-mail. Instead of paddling an old boat, I followed my Twitter feed. Instead
34、of reading great novels, I stuck to reading four 2 each morning. “ 可知, 暑彳段里本该 是度假休息，而作者每天都在平板电脑上看新闻，查看邮件，跟在上班没区别，因此可知作者好像就在办 公室上班一样。故选B项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以今年我决定尝试一些不同的事情：远离网络。A. upset难过的；B. different 不同的；C. crazy 疯狂的；D. calm 冷静的。根据前文 “Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a mod
35、ern convenience: the iPad.” 以及后文 “getting away from the Internetv可矢口， 之前作者让 平板电脑毁了他的暑假，所以今年作者远离网络，作者决定做出改变，不再跟之前一样了，所以作者是要 尝试做不一样的事。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这不容易，因为我自控能力差。A. self-control自控力；B. self-confidence 自信；C. self-respect 自尊;D. self-improvement 自我提高。根据前文 “I knew it wouldnt be easy, since Im
36、notgoodat”可知，作者知道不容易，那是因为他自己控制不了不去接触网络，因此可知作者觉得自己自 控能力差。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，运气来了：我们小屋的手机信号比过去差了，意味着我不能作弊了。 A.better 更好的；B. stronger 更强的；C. worse 更糟的；D. less 更少的。根据前文 “Then, a stroke of luck” 以及后文 meaning that I couldnt cheat. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan.” 可知，作者本身自控力 差，而现在被迫实施计
37、划，因此可知，作者小屋里的手机信号应该比较差，所以作者才做不了弊，而这也 是作者觉得幸运的事，对想远离网络的作者来说，屋里的手机信号比原来更不好是个好消息、。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在很大程度上与电子邮件、Twitter和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，除了收音机， 我几乎没有办法与世界联系个人能听多少收音机，真的？。A. set off出发；B. turn off关掉；C. cutoff 切断；D. put off 推迟。根据前文 “Then, a stroke of luck: The cell phone signal at our cabin was 7 than in
38、 the past, meaning that I couldn91 cheat.v以及后文 a had little way to connect to the world v可知，手机信号 不好，作者没有任何方式跟这个世界产生联系，因此可知这切断了作者与电子邮件和新闻网站的联系。故 选C项。【29题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在很大程度上与电子邮件、Twitter和我最喜欢的报纸网站隔绝，除了收音机， 我几乎没有办法与世界联系一个人能听多少收音机，真的？。A. more than非常，不仅；B. except for除之外；C. instead of 而不是；D. rather than
39、 而不是。根据后文 u how much radio can one listen to,really?可知，作者还可以通过收音机来了解一些消息，但作者提出疑问，会有人频繁使用收音机吗？因 此可知，作者没法与外界联系除了收音机。故选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能做我一直计划做的事：读书。A. idea主意；B.way方法；C. means 方法,手段；D. choice 选择。根据后文 “but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books. 可 知，作者选择通过读书来度过时间，因此可知在断开一切联系后，
40、作者没有办法，只能选择读书了。have no choice but to do表示“除之外别无选择”。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，结局是令人满意的。A. meaningless无意义的；B.hopeful有希 望的；C. happy 愉快的；D. peaceful 和平的。根据后文 “With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle 12 the Internet. 可知，作者在决心和他妻子的支持下，终于在 断网的行动上取得成功，因
41、此可知结局是让人满意的。故选C项。【32题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：在自己的决心和妻子的坚定支持下，我成功地在假期中与网络作斗争。A.against 反对；B.for 赞同;C.to 到,对于；D.in 在里。根据前文 “getting away from the Internet” 以及“I succeeded in my vacation struggle”可知，作者要远离网络，自然和网络作斗争，并最终成功。struggle against表示“和斗争故选A项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后意识到问题出在我身上，当然不是平板电脑。A. entirely完全地；B.frequ
42、ently 频繁地；C. finally 最终地；D. gradually 逐渐地。根据后文 u realized that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the problem.可知，作者意识到是他个人本身的问题，是他离不开网络，是他自己毁了自 己的假期，而并非是平板电脑。因此在这次网络斗争成功后，作者最终意识到这一问题所在。故选C项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们路过一家星巴克时，妻子问我是否想进去使用Wi-Fi,我说“不需要，”，那一刻我知道我赢了。A. won获胜；B. lost失败；C.suffered遭受；D
43、. recovered恢复。根据后文 “when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the WiFi. “Dont need it,“ I said ” 可知，作者抵住了 Wi-Fi的诱惑，没有进去使用，这说明作者赢得了与网络的这场战争。故选A项。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作中时，一个考验开始了：当我回到工作中时，我能继续 远离网络吗？ A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C.Otherwise否则；D.Anyway不管怎样。根据后文 uas w
44、e return to post-vacation situation, a test begins,可知，重新回到工作时，作者会再次接触网络，这时的考验就出现了，作者能不能保持远离网络，根据句意可知前后是转折关系，应用However。故选B项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们回到工作中时，一个考验开始了：当我回到工作中时，我能继续 远离网络吗？ A. stop停止；B. escape逃离；C.continue继续；D.change改变。根据前文“as we return to post-vacation situation, a test begins,可知，回到工作中要面
45、临一个考验，而既然是个考验，那这个考验就 是作者是否还能继续远离网络。故选C项。【37题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不打算完全放弃我的平板电脑。A. give in投降；B. give up放弃；C. give off 发出；D. give away 赠送。根据前文 “I dont plan to” 以及后文 “But I hope to resist the temptation （诱惑）to check my e-mail every five minutes,可知，作者希望以后不要像之前一样每五分钟查看邮件，作者只是希望 这个频率能减少，这说明作者不打算完全放弃使用平板电脑。故选B项
46、。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不打算完全放弃我的平板电脑。A. exactly准确地；B.completely完全地；C. eventually 最后；D. generally 普遍地。根据后文 “But I hope to resist the temptation （诱惑）to check my e-mail every five minutes可知，我希望能抵抗每五分钟查看邮件的诱惑，因此这说明作者只是想减少这种频 率，不要使用的太频繁，但不是完全放弃使用平板电脑。故选B项。【39题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：但我希望能抵制住每五分钟查看一次电子邮件的诱惑，因为这往往会导
47、致我 关注 Twitter 上的内容。根据前文 “But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑)to check my e-mail every five minutes”以及后文“often leads to following my Twitter feed.”可知，作者每5分钟查看邮件，使得他会继 续观看他Twitter上的内容，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的内容，从句缺少主语应用which来 引导。故选C项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为假期应该有助于让你的大脑得到休息，从而变得更有效率。A.body身 体；B.heart心；C.
48、brain大脑；D. thought思想。根据后文“to become more productive”可知，要变得效率 更高，就要让大脑得到休息，从而才能更高效地工作。故选C项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Every person in this world has their own unique experiences and challenges-and just because they arent universal, it doesnt mean they arent there. Thats where the Human Library project comes in. It gives us a chance41 (explore) the stories that we might never know about otherwise. It gives us 42 unique opportunity to look at the world through the eyes of others.It is done without 43 (judge), and i