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1、英语基本句型及 成 分简单句(Thesimplesentence)：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）英语句子的种类按句子结构分：Eg：Tom likes rock music.Tom and Peter likes rock music.Tom sat down and began to do his work.并列句(Thecompoundsentence):把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来构成。常用的并列连词：and,but,so,or,bothand等Eg:ThisismineandthatishersTheseshoesarenotcheepbuttheyarev
2、erygood.复合句(Thecomplexsentence)：是由连词连接的一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。IdoitbecauseIlikeit.巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。3.当他在幼儿园的时候，她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.When she worked in the kindergarden,her job is to look after th
3、e children in the nursery.简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型：1.SV(主+谓)ALL of us laughed.SVA(主+谓+状)He talked too much.2.SVO(主+谓+宾)I miss my parents.SVOA(主+谓+宾+状)I finished the composition last night.3.SP(主+系+表)The teacher is very kind 4.S V IO DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)He gave me a dictionary.5.S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补)I found my bag lost
4、 句型详述句型一：+（主+谓）本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.另外：主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。(主语+不及物动词)扩展和修饰：Theboyspokeloudlytohisteacher.SVAd主谓状Hespokeinalowvoice.SVAd主谓状句型 二：+（主谓宾）本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者。这类动词叫做及物动词。e.g.We like the movie.宾语成分的多样化使得
5、这一结构异常复杂。1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.6.Mother promises to give me a present.作宾语的词：1名词 I dont know him.2 代词 He refused to support us.3
6、反身代词 Please express yourself in your own words.4不定式 We managed to put the fire out.5 动名词 She avoided answering them.6从句 She found that she wrong.7wh-词+to do I dont know what to do with it.(主语+及物动词+宾语)扩展和修饰：Iforgottomailtheletteryesterday.(SVOAd主谓宾状）Unfortunately,Iforgottomailtheletteryesterday.(SVOA
7、d主谓宾状）Ihadmyfirstmathsclassinseniorhighschool.(SVOAd主谓宾状）句型 三：+（主系表）本结构是由 主语+系动词+表语 组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等+adj.3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等 4
8、）表示状态延续：stay,keep,prove,remain,等 句型四：+InO+D（主谓间宾直宾）说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为:S+V+DO+prep.+InOe.g.Shegavemeanapple.=Shegaveanappletome.用to侧重指动作的方向，表朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人 拓展：常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,o
9、ffer,pass,promise,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,等。句型 五：+O（主谓宾宾补）此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。e.g.We made him the manager.说明:可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard hi
10、m singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.拓展：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声
11、朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut once a month.We wont let her go out at night.指出下列句子属于那种基本
12、句型，并划分句子成分：1.SheteachesEnglish.2.Theplansoundsperfect.3.Thingschanged.4.Motherboughtmeanewdress.SVO(主+谓+宾)SP(主+系+表)SV(主+谓)SVIODO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)5.Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.6.Thesunkeepsuswarm.7.Hisbrotherhasgoneabroad.8.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.SP(主+系+表)SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)SVA(主+谓+状)SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)句子成分
13、定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语1）主 语(S)：是 一 句 的 主 体，是 全 句 述 说 的 对 象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：study.(学生学习。)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这 两 句 话 中 单 词students 是 个 名 词，we 是 代词，它们在句中做主语。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.To seeistobelieve.Smokin
14、gisbadforhealth.The youngshouldrespecttheold.What he has saidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）谓语(V)谓语(V)：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词（vt.及物动词/vi.不及物动词）或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如：Students study.(学生学习。)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 Isawhimplayin
15、gbasketballintheplayground.Helooked aftertwobabies.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;Hecan speakEnglishwell.Shedoesnt seemtolikedancing宾语(O)：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：I play with him.(我和他一起玩。)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesome books.pleasepassmethe book.Heboughthis girlfriendsome flowers.用来说明主语的性质
16、或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：English is not easy.We are family.在系动词后的部分就是表语1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Thatremainsa puzzle.6.Idontfeelat ease.定语（Predicative）是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如：This is a red sun.He is
17、 a tall boy.定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：The students study hard.I often write to hi
18、m.The bag is too heavy.状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackin a while.Theyareplayingon the playground.Hewaslatebecause he got up late.Hegotupsolatethat I missed the train.宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,
19、have,let.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Isawhimplayingfootball.IfinditeasytolearnEnglishwell.同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.Exercises:分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyous
20、aidmademehappy.4）helikesplayingfootball.5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewenttoschool.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thestorysoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.二.写出下列句中划线部分的句子成分：1.Shelooksunhappytoday.2.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.3.Hehandedmethenewspaper.4.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.5.Chi
21、naisadevelopingcountry.6.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.7.Dontleavethewindowopen.8.Therearemanywomenteachersinourschool.9.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.10.Heisplayingtherehappily.11.Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.12.Iheardhimgoout.13.Hiscominglatemadehisteacherunhappy.14.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfunderthebed.15.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.16.Thesoundfromthechurchsoundsverybeautiful.17.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.18.Slowly,thecitybegantobreathe(呼吸)again.19.IthinkIlldowellintheexamwithMrsChenteachingus.20.Heknowswhattodonext.