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1、 Unit ElevenTelegrams and TelexesI.IntroductionnTelegrams and telexes can send messages and data directly between two parties,and make transaction in international business efficient and convenient.Since time element means a great deal to the buyers and sellers.Telegrams and telexes are used to tran
2、smit urgent messages of all kinds.Nowadays,with the development of communication,telegrams are rarely used,but the language used is still having effects on business documents.1.TelegramsnOnce,transactionsininternationalbusinessarediscussedindetailthroughairmails.Whentelegramwasintroduced,itquicklyto
3、okoverthejobofairmails.Actually,telegramsarelettersinahighlycompressedform,sotheabbreviationsandthecompoundingareusedtoservethepurpose.Hereisabriefintroductionoftelegrams.1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(1)Combinations,abbreviationsandtransformationsareoftenusedtoreducewordsinmessageoftelegrams.nCom
4、binations:nASSOONAS:assoonasBANKRATE:bankratenAbbreviationsnA/CaccountACPTacceptnS/CsalesconfirmationTKSthanksnTransformationsnHURRYUPRUSH,EXPEDITEnASSOONASSOONEST1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(2)Nopunctuationmarksorsymbolsareusedinthemessageoftelegrams,weusuallyusenaturalwordstoreplaceorexplainth
5、em.Forexample:n,COMMAABCABCUNDERLINEDn.STOP&AND1.1Characteristics of Telegramsn(3)Somewords,suchasthefirstpersonalpronouns,theverb“be”,theparticle“to”,thearticles“a”,“an”,“the”,someauxiliaryverbsandmostprepositionsareoftenomitted.n(4)Presentparticiplesandpastparticiplesareusedtoshowthefuturetenseand
6、thefinishedactionsrespectively.Forexample:na.SSEASTWINDSAILINGDIRECTYOURPORTMIDAUGUST(=Thesteamship“Eastwind”willsaildirectlytoyourportinmidAugust.)nb.SHIPPINGSPACEBOOKED(=Wehavebookedtheshippingspace.)1.2 Kinds of Telegramsn“Plainlanguagetelegrams”and“codelanguagetelegrams”arethetwomainkindsoftheco
7、mmercialtelegrams.nThecodelanguagetelegramsarewrittenincommercialcodes,suchasAcmeandBentley,andnowtheyareonlyusedbyafewtraderswhoareaccustomedtouseit.1.2 Kinds of TelegramsnThe plain language telegrams may be classified into three types:ordinary,urgent,and letter telegrams.However,since January 1,19
8、80,letter telegrams have not been accepted in most countries and areas.So,only the ordinary and urgent telegrams are widely used in the world.nAn ordinary telegram can be sent to the receiver within 3-4 hours,while an urgent telegram can reach the destination even quicker with an even more expensive
9、 charge.1.3 Charge of TelegramsnTelegrams are charged by the number of words transmitted,the class of telegrams sent,and the localities destined for.Natural words(e.g.:meeting,conference,invoice),abbreviations(e.g.:ABV,INFO,EXCHR)and compoundings(e.g.:BESTOFFER,CABLEREPLY TWODOZENOF)are all“words”in
10、 telegrams,every ten letters can be counted as a“word”.If the number of letters in a word is more than 10,but less than 20,it must be counted as two“words”in the telegrams,for example,“SEWINGMACHINES”can be counted as two words.1.4 Structure of a TelegramnTheEnglishtelegramsmainlyconsistofthreeparts
11、:n(1)Receivers name and addressna.MAGGIEJONES110EAST25THSTREETNEWYORK,NY,USA.nb.KENSCHEESEHOUSE34CHATLEYAVENUESEATTLE,WA98765(Thetelegramissenttoanorganization,sothetelegraphicaddressorthenameoftheorganizationshouldbeused.)nc.(URGENT)KENSCHEESEHOUSE34CHATLEYAVENUESEATTLE,WA98765(Ifitisanurgenttelegr
12、am,theword“URGENT”shouldbeplacedbeforethetelegraphicaddress.)1.4 Structure of a Telegramn(2)Body of the telegramnCHEESEPRICEACCEPTABLEWILLORDERPROVIDEDSHIPMENTENDOFMAYPLSREPLYBYCABLEn(3)Senders name or telegraphic addressnGARMEXCN(上海服装进出口公司，GARMEXisthereceiverstelegraphicaddress;CNisthenameofthecoun
13、trywherereceiverresides)2.TelexesnTelex is the short form of“Teletypewriter”and“Exchange”,compared with telegram,which is more effective and economical.The telex equipment is installed in the subscribers office.Through teleprinter set,messages can be sent to or received from foreign countries.Due to
14、 the quick and convenient service,telex has been widely used in the international business in recent years.2.1 Characteristics of Telexesn(1)Telexcanmakethecallingandthecalledpartiespractically“talkonpaper”.Moreover,sincethetelexequipmentworksautomatically,itcanreceivemessageswiththemachineleftunatt
15、ended,andthemessagesreceivedatnightmaybefirstdealtwiththenextmorning.n(2)Abbreviation,ellipsisandtransformationareusedtosimplifywordsandphrasesinthemessageoftelexes,butcombinationsaregenerallynotused,eachwordisseparatedbyaspace.2.1 Characteristics of Telexesn(3)In the message of telexes,either punct
16、uation marks(except;)or symbols(except$,%,)or words COMMA,STOP,ETC.can be used,but using punctuation marks is more common.n(4)In the message of telexes,several matters can be stated either one after another preceded by AAA(or 111 or A,or 1),BBB(or 222 or B,or 2)etc.,or passage without any preceding
17、signals.2.2 Kinds of TelexesnTelexescanbedividedintotwokinds,oneiswritteninnaturalwordsasashortletter,andtheotherisratherbriefsomewhatlikeatelegraminsimplifiedwords.2.3 Charge of TelexesnTelex is charged by the time engaged in transmission.The minimum charge for a telex is fixed on the basis of one
18、minute.About 400 letters can be transmitted every minute.2.4 Structure of a TelexnThe structure of a telex is different from that of a telegram;it generally includes the following parts.nTelex No._nUrgent or Top Urgent _nDate _n(To)Receivers Company and Country _n(From)Senders Company and Country _n
19、Our Ref.No._nAttention Line(ATIN)_nSubject of the Telex(RE or SUB)_nBody of the Telex _nThe Complimentary Clause _nThe Closing Clauses _nName,Title&Telex No._nTime _II.Procedure of Drafting a TelegramnWhendraftingtelegrams,wehavetobearinmindthethreeCs,i.e.clearness,concisenessandcourtesy.Neverusetwo
20、wordsifonewordwilldo.Atelegramshouldalwaysbeconcise.Ofcourse,weshouldneveromitawordattheexpenseofclearness.Clearnessshouldalwaysbeputinthefirstplace.Whennecessary,theword“please”maybeadded.Alwaysbepolite,atelegrammustnotsoundlikeanorderoracommand.Thiswouldoffendyourcustomers.Therefore,specialcaremus
21、tbetakentoseethatthewordsusedarecorrectandwillnotcauseanymisunderstandingtotherecipient.nTheprocedurerecommendedforbeginnerstofollowindraftingtelegramsconsistsoffourstepsasoutlinedbelow:II.Procedure of Drafting a Telegramn1.Makeaconcisedraftofwhatyouwanttosayinatelegram.Inordertosaveexpenses,weshoul
22、dreducethenumberofwordsinatelegramtotheminimumnecessaryfortransmittingthemostessentialpartofthemessage,leavingthelessurgentparticulars,explanations,etc.toasupplementaryletter,ifnecessary.n2.Adjustthewordingofyourmessageandcrossoutthewordsthattheaddresseecaneasilysupplyfromthecontext.II.Procedure of
23、Drafting a Telegramn3.Substitute as far as you can short words,compounds and abbreviations for longer words and phrases.n4.Combine the words,abbreviations,etc.in your final draft into groups consisting of not more than 10 letters or 10 characters comprising letters,figures and signs.III.Specimens of
24、 TelegramsnInquirynINTERESTED2000MTEACHREDBEANSGREENBEANS19CROPINBULKANDGUNNYBAGSSTATINGINDETAILDESCRIPTNORIGINnOffernSEWMACHINEBUTTERFLYNOSUPPLYOFFERINGINSTEAD200SETSSTANDARDBRANDUSD20CIFSINGAPOREJUNESHIPMTCABLEREPLYnNoGoodsAvailablenYLJULY5NORTHCHINASHEEPSKINSUNAVAILABLEREVERTINGnCounterOffernYLJU
25、LY16PRICEHIGHPLSREDUCEBYTWOPCTIII.Specimens of TelegramsnConfirmationnYC16AUGWWRITGPAPER10MTOCTSHIPMTCONFIRMEDPLSRUSHL/CnPressingforL/CnORDER589GOODSREADYPLSRUSHLCnAskingforL/CAmendmentnLC1859PLSAMENDALLOWINGTRANSHIPMTnAboutShipmentnLC103SHIPPEDSSDATONGSAILING20INSTPLSINSUREnShippingAdvicenSC9988FOR
26、EVERBIKESSHIPD15MAYSSVICTORYETAENDMAYnClaimnORDER13BRASSBEDSARRIVEDDULLFINISHUSELESSPLSREPLACEIV.How to Compose TelexnTeletypewritersprintincapitallettersonly.Theycannotunderscoreanywords,andthekeyboarddoesnotcontaincertainsignssuchasdollarsandampersand.Whendraftingtelexmessages,weshouldbeartheabove
27、inmind.nAsweknow,telexcallsarechargedonatimebasis.Tominimizethecostoftelextransmission,therefore,weshouldlearntomakethemessageasbrieforconciseaspossible,usingshortwordsthatrequirelesstimeintransmitting.nTosumup,thefollowingarethetechniquesrecommendedforbeginnerstofollowincomposingcommercialtelexes:I
28、V.How to Compose TelexnOmitunnecessaryarticles,pronouns,auxiliaryverbs,linkingverbs,conjunctions,prepositions,punctuationmarks,etc.nUseprefixesandsuffixessuchasun-,in-,de-,dis-,non-,mis-,under-,counter-,over-,-ing,-ed,-able,-y,-al,-ible,-ment,-tion,-sion,-ful,etc.tomakethemessagebrief.nShortenthemes
29、sagebystructuraldevices.IV.How to Compose Telexna.Substitutephraseswithsinglewords,e.g.nIF=intheeventofnb.Substituteclausesbyparticiples,e.g.nONECLNTENQRREQSTGGNRLINFRMTNRESEWMACHINEn(Oneofourclientssentusanenquiryinwhichherequestedgeneralinformationregardingoursewingmachines.)nc.Deleteunnecessarywo
30、rdsandrewritethemessage,e.g.nWLCNCLCONTRACTUNLESSRPLRCVDENDJUN.n(WeareafraidthatthecontractwillhavetobecancelledifyourreplydoesnotreachusbytheendofJune.)nd.Usedifferentformsoftheverbtoconveythemeaningofcertainactions.V.Specimens of TelexesnPLSADVCOSTSNBUILDGTERMIFVPLACEODRFORELECTRICTYPEWRITERYREND.
31、nWUDITBEPOSSIBLPRCHSESTEELPLATENIFSOWHENCLDDLVRYBEEXPECTDALSODESIREKNOWVALUEOFPRCHSEPRICE.nVQTESUBJCFMNONSHARPAIRCONDITIONERTIROLAH22-BIFATL350/UNITCIFLDNSHPTW/I5WKSAFTREPTODRLC.nABVOFRVALDTWOWKSENDGJUN45PMBUTANYIMPTARIFFCHANGEYRRISKNA/C.V.Specimens of TelexesnREYRMDL45PLSDISCNT30PCTASSIMLRPRODTSSOL
32、DHEREABT15DLRSLOWERTHANYRSCANSELLOVER200PERMONTHIFABVDISCNTGIVEN.nYTDF-1005FEB/5UNIVERSEXYRBID10PCTCUTONOUROFRTOUSD5000/UNITCIFSFISINTERABLETOUSBCAUSOURSISBESTPSBLPRICEBUTINVIEWNEEDTODVLPOURMKTINYRTOWNNJPNSDULLEXPTRADEACPTGYRBIDTHISONCEHOPEEARCONCLSNOFCONTRPLSOON.nTKSYTJUN30ACPTDOUROFRUNDER5PCTCUTTE
33、RMSXUPONSTUDYAGRDTOYRBIDNIMDTLYPREPAREDSALESNOTEWHICHVMAILDTODAYPLSFINDITINODRRPLSOON.V.Specimens of TelexesnYRMAY6ODR100B/SSILKPRODTSHASBEENLOADDONSSCHIMINGETDQINGDAOJUN10HOPETHEYWLBFOUNDINODRUPONARVLXCYINYB/LINSPOLICYTOBEMAILDLATERWITHCFMNLTRTKS.nTKSYTNOV20COLORTVSUNRISE18MODELA-3XYRBIDUSD800/UNIT
34、CIFSFACDGMKRAPERILOUSPRICERISKGLOSSUNDERPRESENTHIGHYENEXCHRATEUSD180SOSUGSTINCROFYRODRFM30TO40XIFUAGRREADYYRBIDRPLSOON.nRGRTSHPTYRODR30STEROSETSPROJECT770HASBEENPUTOFFTOMAYVFOUNDNOAPRVSLAVLBLFORNYNHADNOCHOICEBUTHOLDGOODSINJPNFORONEMONTHDEEPLYAPOLOGZSUCHDELAYWHICHPLSACK.VI.Exercisesn1.Translatethefol
35、lowingtelegramintoChinese:1.YC25KRAFTPAPER10M/TSHPMTAUGACCEPTEDOTHERITEMSWORKING2.YC18BICYCLECONFIRMEDSEWMACHINEREVERTING3.PLSCABLESEWMACHINELICENCEPOSITIONAWAITGLC4.LC1414SHIPPEDS/SREDSEAETAENDOCTPLSINSUREWRITING5.LC1218PLSAMEND2000PAIRTOPEAD2000DZPAIRVI.Exercisesn2.Transcribethefollowingintotelexm
36、essages,usingasmanyabbreviationsasyoucan:1.Weareinterestedinpurchasing175ForeverBrandBicycles,TypeUL18.Wewishtohaveaquotation,withdiscount,costplusfreightandinsurancetoGenoa.Pleaseinformusofdeliverydateandpaymentterms.2.GoodsunderyourOrderNo.736arereadyfordispatch.Unfortunatelywehavenotyetreceivedyo
37、urpackinginstructions.Pleaseinformusofyourshippingmarksandpackingrequirementsindetailbytelex.3.WeneedreplacementsforthegoodsinCaseNo.17underOrderNo.185whichwereshippedpers.s.Mersey.Thegoodsarebadlydamaged,butwedontknowthecauseyet.Weshallletyouknowassoonaswehavethesurveyorsreport.Supplementary materi
38、al:Fax and E-mailnI.IntroductionnFaxesandE-mailsarecontributingalottotheinternationalbusiness.Asbuyersandsellersareresidingindifferentcountriesandseparatedbythousandsofmiles,convenient,quickandeconomicalelementsallshouldbetakenintoconsiderationininternationaltrade,andfaxesandE-mailscanjustmeetthesen
39、eeds.1.FaxesnA fax(short for facsimile and sometimes called telecopying)is a device that can send or receive pictures and text over a telephone line.It is the transmission of scanned-in printed material(text or images),usually to a telephone number associated with a printer or other output device.A
40、fax machine consists of an optical scanner for digitizing images on paper,a printer for printing incoming fax messages,and a telephone for making the connection.1.1 Characteristics of Faxesn(1)Thefaxisadigitalform,andtheinformationistransmittedaselectricalsignalsthroughthetelephonesystem.Thereceivin
41、gfaxmachinereconvertsthecodedimageandprintsapapercopyofthedocument.n(2)Faxmachinesareconvenientandsimpletouse,allyouneedtooperateisatelephone.Whenyouaresendingamessage,youjustneeddialthetelephonenumberatthereceivingterminalandpushthetransmitbutton.1.1 Characteristics of Faxesn(3)Faxmachineshavenokey
42、board,soyoushouldpreparethemessageonatypewriter,computer,orwordprocessorandaddanygraphicsbeforeputtingthefinisheddocumentonthefaxmachine.n(4)Faxcanbecommunicatedasfastasinternationalphonecallandtelex.Itisa24-hourserviceandthemessagecanbereceivedunattended.n(5)Comparedwiththetelegramandtelex,thelangu
43、ageinafaxisjustthesameasaletter,itdoesnotneedtouseabbreviations.1.2 Charge of FaxesnSincethefaxhasitsownscannerandprinter,anditisoperatedbyatelephone.Thechargeisdependedonthetimeamessageisprinted.Thetransmissionofonepageischeaperthantelex.1.3 Layout of a FaxnAfaxconsistsoftwoparts:faxheadingandfaxbo
44、dy.Thebodyofafaxmayfollowthelayoutofaformalbusinessletter,itendswiththesignatureofthesender,butunlikealetter,thesalutationandcomplimentaryclosearenormallyomitted.Faxheadingusuallyincludesthefollowingparts:nRecipientsname/titlenCompanynameofrecipientnSendersname/titlenDateofsendingnFaxnumbernSubjectl
45、inenNumberofpages2.E-mailsnE-mailstandsfor“electronicmail”;itisamethodofcomposing,sending,storing,andreceivingmessagesoverelectroniccommunicationsystems.WiththewideuseoftheInternetandthedevelopmentoftheelectronicbusiness,mostpeopleliketodobusinessonthenetande-mailiswidelyusedinmodernbusinesscircles.
46、2.1.Characteristics of E-mailsn(1)E-mailisthemosteffectivemeansoftransmittingmessagesthroughthecomputernetwork,anditmakesyougetthemessageinafewsecondsandreplyatonceasifyouarehavingaconversationonthephone.n(2)Ifyouwanttousethee-mail,youmusthaveane-mailaddress.Thisaddressmusthavelettersanddotsanda“”(m
47、eaning“at”).Thisiswhatanaddresslookslike:.Youcanwriteamessage,typeinthereceiverse-mailaddress,andthensendthemessageacrosstheInternet.Peopledontneedtousestamps,envelopesorgotothepostofficesincetheinventionoftheInternet.2.1.Characteristics of E-mailsn(3)E-mailmessagescanbestoredinthecomputersystem,ift
48、heusersdonotcancelthem.n(4)Ane-mailistobebrief,clearandtothepointanditshouldfitintoonescreen.Ifyouwanttosendlongorcomplexdocuments,youshouldattachthemtothemessage.n(5)Ane-mailismuchlessformalthanawrittenletter.Emailsareusuallyshortandconcise,abbreviatedverbforms(Hes,Were,Hed,etc.)canbeusedhere.Asimp
49、le“Hello”isadequateifyouarewritingtosomeoneyoudontknow.Whenwritingtosomeoneyouknowwell,feelfreetowriteasifyouarespeakingtotheperson.2.2.Charge of an E-mailnE-mailismuchquickerandcheaperthansendinganordinaryletter.Thereceiveronlyneedacomputerequipmenttoacceptonesmessage,oncetheequipmentisinplace,ther
50、eareusuallysavingsincopying,long-distantdelivery,andothertraditionalcosts.2.3.Layout of an E-mailnE-mailmessagesdonothaveanall-agreed-uponformatyet;mostE-mailmessagescontainthefollowingparts:nTo:thereceiversE-mailBox（收件人）nFrom:thesendersE-mailBox（寄件人）nCc:CourtesyorCarbonCopy（被抄送人）nBcc:BlindCarbonCop