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1、高三英语总复习语法专项训练非谓语动词作定语和状语一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。它们是动词的非限定形式。它们是动词的非限定形式。在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。二、动词不定式不定式(todo)可以作状语和定语。(一一)作定语作定语1.动 词 不 定 式 与 其 修 的 词 之 间 往 往 有 动 宾 关 系,如 果 该 不定式是不及物动词,其后有必要的介词。例如：Hesapleasantfellowtoworkwit
2、h.Theresnothingtoworryabout.2.有 些 名 词 后 常 跟 不 定 式 作 定 语。例 如:time,reason,chance,right,ability,willingness,need,wish,plan 等。Womenshouldhavetherighttoreceiveeducation.Thereisnotimetohesitate.3.thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest 等 之 后 用 不 定 式 做定语。Themonitorwillbethefirsttocome.Hewasthelastmantoblame.(二二
3、)作状语作状语1.作目的状语:不 定 式 作 状 语 时,一 般 置 于 句 子 末 尾。但 是,如 果表示强调,亦可置于句首。(其否定形式为:nottodo)HewenttoShanghaitovisithisparents.Tosavetheearth,wemustpreventtheearthfrombeingpolluted.Ishutthedoorquietly,soasnottowakethebaby.2.作结果状语:Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.Shelefthome,nevertoreturnagain.
4、3.作原因状语:不定式做原因状语时,一般放在句子末尾。Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.Theboywasshocked/surprisedtoseethefrighteningscene.4.作独立成分有 些 固 定 词 组 带to 不 定 式,表 明 说 话 人 的 立 场 或 态度,在句中作独立成分。这些词有:tobehonest；tobeginwith；totell(you)thetruth 等。Totellyouthetruth,IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.Tobehonest,IhaveneverheardofWin
5、stonChurchill.三、动名词动 名 词 由 动 词 原 形 加 词 尾-ing 构 成.它 同 时 具 有 动 词及名词特征。(以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。)1.作定语Noneisallowedtosmokeinthewaitingroom.Thespeedingcarcametoastopallofasudden.2.置于介词后作状语介 词+动 名 词 可 以 作 状 语 用,表 示 时 间、原 因、目 的、让步、方式等。例如：Afterfinishingthejob,hewenthome.TheywenttoManchesterwiththeobjectofwinningt
6、heWorldChampionship.Hewasblamedforhavingdonesomethingwrong.四、分词现在分词和过去分词两种。分词可以在句中作状语及定语。(一一)现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。在 语 态 上,现 在 分 词 表 示 主 动 意 思,过 去 分 词 表 示 被 动意思。在 时 间 上,现 在 分 词 表 示 动 作 正 在 进 行,过 去 分 词 则 表示动作已完成（定语中）。developingcountries(发展中国家)developedcountries(发达国家)thetou
7、chingtale(动人的传说)thetouchedaudience(受感动的观众)aworriedlook/face（焦急的脸）(二二)现在分词的用法现在分词的用法现在分词可在句中作定语和状语。1.作定语现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:Thisisapressingquestion.这是一个紧迫的问题。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他 提 了 一 个 令 人 难 堪的问题。（现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.）现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:Alittlechildlearningtowa
8、lkoftenfalls.Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.2.现在分词用作状语现在分词（短语）可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)表示时间Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawaniceview.Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when 或while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagaintous.WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilot
9、sawwhathethoughttobeaparticularstar.(2)表示原因Beingsick,Istayedathome.Shecaughtcoldsittingonthegrass.(3)表示条件Usingthismethod,wellraisetheaverageyieldby40%.Turningright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkhasnttriedherbest.(5)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoher,breathingheavil
10、y.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry.Itrainedfortwoweeks,completelyruiningourholiday.1._lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept(2001春季高考 第21题)Multiple choice2_aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingfo
11、rwardto_fromthem.A.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearB.C.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV.+ing phrases:appreciate;avoid;canthelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keep(on);mind;miss,devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdowntoAC不定式不定式的作用1 例1NMET2000 第19题
12、Iveworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects B解析该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain解析 例2NMET1999 第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notma
13、kingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式的作用1因为主语是the purpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to 不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B。不定式的时态2 例3 NMET 1997 第12题 Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone D不定式解析该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。Would love(
14、like)to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。例4 NMET 1999 第14题Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.C.tobestudyD.tohavebeenstudyingA常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：Would love,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish 等 例如：I meant to have t
15、elephoned you,but I forgot.解析不定式不定式的否定形式3 例5 NMET 1996 年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eat C解析 该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn 后跟词方式，warn sb.not to do sth.warn sb.against doing sth.该题应该用结构另外，not 应放在to 之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,wat
16、ch,notice,observe,look at；三使役make,let,have;二听listen to,hear 等）须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。过去分词过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语 例1 NMET1996 第23题_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose C解析1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in thought B.b
17、e lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构B.过去分词2.作定语 例2 NMET1997 第17题TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析 过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A 是正确的。First played in 776B.C.=which
18、was first played in 776 B.C.过去分词3.作表语 例3 NMET1998 第23题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay C解析该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb.by the hour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt,get hurt,get wounded.V.-ing 形式v.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法 例 NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countr
19、ies,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake A解析解析Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing 表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself_.(NMET9134
20、)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard2.Onafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,_somebananasandvisitedhercousin.(NMET9123)A.boughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.writing3.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?(NMET9214)A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing4._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(MET9239)A.Notrece
21、ivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived5.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.
22、inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding10.Themissin
23、gboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET9425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(NMET9
24、526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.(97 上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing15.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingac
25、ake.(97上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.(95 上海20)A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96 上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded18.Th
26、epurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99 上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.
27、readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice
28、20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.-A letter may be too slow.-Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习CDABAD21-35BDBDACABCCBDACC36-55CBDBAADBCACDCBDACCDA