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1、高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练分分 词词一、形一、形式式主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been donehaving been done过去分词只有一种形式。过去分词只有一种形式。现在分词：现在分词：二、二、功功能能1 1作表语作表语2 2作定语作定语3 3作状语作状语4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5.5.现在分词的完成现在分词的完成形式和被动形式形式和被动形式6.6.独立结构独立结构1 1作作作作表表表表
2、语语语语。现现在在分分词词多多表表示示主主语语所所具具有有的的特特征征或或属属性性；过过去去分分词词多表示主语所处的状态，如：多表示主语所处的状态，如：The news was exciting.The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed.He appeared satisfied with my answer.He seemed quite delighted at the idea.Dont get excited.注注注注：已已经经成成为为形形容容词词的的分分词词，可可以以用用very 修修饰饰；没没有有完完全全成成为为形容词
3、的分词宜用形容词的分词宜用much 或或quite，有时也可用有时也可用very much，如：如：Im very much pleased.Hes very much worried about his health.注注注注：过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系系系系表表表表结结结结构构构构说说明明主主语语的的状状态态或或具具有有的的性性质质、特特点点；被被被被动动动动结结结结构构构构强强调调谓语动作，指主语所承受的动作。此外还有：谓语动作，指主语所承受的动作。此外还有：系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构：a.常用一般现在或一般过去时态；常用
4、一般现在或一般过去时态；b.一般不带状语；一般不带状语；c.可以有不及物动词的过去分词。可以有不及物动词的过去分词。被动结构被动结构被动结构被动结构：a.有多种时态，常与主动语态的时态一致；有多种时态，常与主动语态的时态一致；b.可以带时可以带时间、方式或间、方式或by 短语作状语；短语作状语；c.必须是及物动词。必须是及物动词。The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态状态)The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作动作)Im interested in chess.I
5、was interested by what you told me.The sun is risen.This novel was written by Lu Xun in 1921.2 2作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如：单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如：touching story/leading cadres/shining example/coming week/skilled worker/armed forces/boiled water/steamed bread Barking dogs seldom bite.Soon our r
6、espected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall.注：注：注：注：分词作定语时，意义上接近于一个定语从句，如：分词作定语时，意义上接近于一个定语从句，如：developing countries=countries that are developing a growing city=a city that is growing liberated areas=areas that have been liberated 在在更更多多情情况况下下，可可以以用用分分词词短短语语作作定定语语，这这时时分分词词短短语语应应放放在在被修饰的名词
7、之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：Who is the man standing(=that is standing)by the door?They built a highway leading(=which leads)into the mountains.They are problems left(=which have been left)over by history.Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：作定语
8、的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：a.表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作,(变为从句时要用进行时态变为从句时要用进行时态),如：如：Tell the children playing playing therethere(who are playing there)not to make so much noise.Did you see the man talkingtalking(who was talking)to the managerto the manager?b.表表示示经经常常性性的的动动作作,或或现现在在(或或当当时时)的的状状态态,(变变为为从从句句时时,用用一
9、一般时态般时态),如：如：They lived in a room facingfacing(=that faced)the souththe south.The house standingstanding(=that stands)at at the the corner corner of of the the streetstreet was built in 1955.过过去去分分词词作作定定语语时时，过过去去分分词词所所表表示示的的动动作作可可以以在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：Is this th
10、e book recommended by our teacherrecommended by our teacher?The meeting held last weekheld last week is very important.He is a man loved by allloved by all.I hate to see letters written in pencilwritten in pencil.注注注注：如如果果所所表表示示的的动动作作现现刻刻正正在在发发生生，或或是是与与谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作同时发生，可以用同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式现在分词的被
11、动形式现在分词的被动形式现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：来表示，如：The meeting being heldbeing held is very important.We must keep a secret of the things being discussed herebeing discussed here.注注注注：如如果果所所表表示示的的是是一一个个未未来来的的动动作作，可可以以用用一一个个不不不不定定定定式式式式的的的的被被被被动动动动形式形式形式形式来表示，如：来表示，如：The meeting to be held next weekto be held next wee
12、k is very important.Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meetingto be discussed at the next meeting.分分词词还还可可以以作作非非限限制制性性定定语语（相相当当于于一一个个非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句），这时，它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：这时，它和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，试比较：All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.All my brothers,living in Shanghai
13、,are scientists.All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister.All the letters in the drawer,written in pencil,are from my sister.本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。另外，一般不用现能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的：在分词的完成式作定语，所以
14、，下列句子都是错的：Here is Mr.Li coming from Beijing.(应改为应改为who has come from Beijing)Those having finished their work can go home now.(应改为应改为who have finished)The man giving us a lecture last week left for Shenzhen this morning.(应改为应改为who gave us)系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，如：如
15、：Those being busybeing busy dont have to go.(应改为应改为Those who are busy dont have to go.)His brother being a PLA manbeing a PLA man is 18 years old.(应改为应改为who is)不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要不及物动词的过去分词不可用作后置定语，若要表示这个意思要用从句，如：用从句，如：The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion.(应改为应改为which/t
16、hat died)3 3作状语：作状语：作状语：作状语：现在分词作状语，表示现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况陪衬性的动作或伴随情况陪衬性的动作或伴随情况陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：，如：The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking merrilylaughing and talking merrily.They stood there for an hour watching the gamewatching the game.She sat at the desk reading a newspaperreading a
17、 newspaper.注注注注意意意意：a.分分词词表表示示的的必必须须是是主主语语的的一一个个动动作作；b.分分词词表表示示的的动动作作和和谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作（或或状状态态）是是同同时时发发生生的的；c.分分词词表表示示的的是是比比较较次次要要的的动动作作，对对谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作或或状状态态加加以以说说明明；d.大大部部分分放放在在谓谓语语之后；之后；e.分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。现现在在分分词词作作状状语语，表表表表示示示示行行行行为为为为方方方方式式式式或或或或手手手手段段段段（这这类类状状语语可可以以放放在在句句
18、首首，也也可可以以放放在在句句末末，有有时时还还可可以以放放在在句句中中。其其他他参参考考上上述述a-c），如：如：Following the guideFollowing the guide,they started to climb.Working this wayWorking this way,they greatly reduced the cost.Travelling by jeepTravelling by jeep,we visited a number of cities.现在分词作状语，现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由表示原因或理由表示原因或理由表示原因或理由，如：，如：S
19、eeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Being so poor in those days,we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital.注注注注：如如果果分分词词表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发发生生，则则要要用用完完成形式，如：成形式，如：Having worked among the peasants for many yea
20、rs,he knew them very well.Not having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.Having lived in Berlin many years,he knew the city well.现在分词作现在分词作时间状语时间状语时间状语时间状语（相当于（相当于when 引导的从句），如：引导的从句），如：Turning around,she saw a police car driving up.Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.Seeing
21、those pictures,he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.注注注注：这这里里分分词词表表示示的的是是一一个个极极短短暂暂的的动动作作，这这动动作作一一发发生生，谓谓语语动动词词所所表表示示的的动动作作立立即即发发生生。这这类类分分词词一一般般放放在在句句首首。如如果果两两个个动动作是完全同时发生的，多用作是完全同时发生的，多用when 或或while+分词这种结构，如：分词这种结构，如：Be careful whenwhen crossing the street.Dont mention this whilewhile ta
22、lking to him.注注注注：如如果果要要强强调调谓谓语语动动词词的的动动作作发发生生时时，分分词词的的动动作作已已经经完完成成，这个分词要用完成形式，如：这个分词要用完成形式，如：Having arrived at a decision,they immediately set to work.Having heard this,the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.现在分词作状语还可以现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步表示结果、条件和让步表示结果、条件和让步表示结果、条件和让步，如：，如：Her husband died
23、in 1942,leaving her with five children.(结果结果)The bus was held up by snowstorm,thus causing the delay.(结果结果)Working hard,you will succeed.(条件条件)Turning to the left,you will find the path leading to the site.(条件条件)Weighing almost one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him alone.(让让步步)过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词短
24、短短短语语语语作作作作状状状状语语语语，可可以以修修饰饰谓谓语语，说说说说明明明明动动动动作作作作发发发发生生生生的的的的背背背背景或情况景或情况景或情况景或情况，如：，如：Built in 1192,the bridge is over 700 years old.Led by the party,the people have improved their living conditions greatly.Surrounded by a group of pupils,the old teacher walked into the room.The trainer appeared,fo
25、llowed by six little dogs.过去分词短语过去分词短语表示原因表示原因表示原因表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：The children,exhausted,fell asleep at once.He soon fell asleep,exhausted by the journey.(=as he was exhausted)过过去去分分词词短短语语有有时时可可以以表表表表示示示示时时时时间间间间（相相当当于于时时间间状状语语从从句句）和和条条件件（相当于条件状语从句），如：（相当于条件状语从句），如：United,we stan
26、d;divided,we fall.(=When/If we are united)Heated,water changes into steam.(=When/If water is heated)Seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.注注注注：过过去去分分词词短短语语作作状状语语时时，前前面面有有时时可可以以加加上上when,if,while,though,as if 等等连连词词，这这种种结结构构可可以以看看作作是是一一种种省省略略的的状状语语从从句句（省省略略部部分分多多为为“主主语语+be 的的多多种种形形式式”）。需需要要
27、注注意意的的是是，省省略略的的主主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：语必须和主句的主语相同，如：If/When heated,water changes into steam.Even if invited,I wont go.We will not attack unless attacked.The girl is very shy,and never speaks until spoken to.4 4作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：现在分词做宾语补足语，如：现在分词做宾语补足语，如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so lo
28、ng.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.He tried to start the engine running.The words immediately set us all laughing.注注：现现在在分分词词做做宾宾语语补补足足语语表表示示动动作作与与谓谓语语同同时时发发生生或或正正在在进进行行，强调动作过程。强调动作过程。过去分词做宾语补足语，如：过去分词做宾语补足语，如：He watched the TV set carried out of the room.Last year they had the house r
29、ebuilt.When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.Youd better have your shoes mended.注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。注：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。现现在在分分词词做做宾宾语语补补足足语语时时，与与宾宾语语有有着着逻逻辑辑上上的的主主谓谓关关系系，宾宾语语补补足足语语一一般般为为宾宾语语所所做做的的动动作作；过过去去分分词词做做宾宾语语补补足足语语时时，与与宾宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：语有着动宾关系
30、，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：He saw an old man getting on the bus.An old man was getting on the bus.I once heard this song sung in Japanese.This song was once sung in Japanese.I dont want the children taken out in such weather.The children were taken out in such weather.以以上上句句子子可可以以变变为为被被动动结结构构，这这时时，宾宾语语补补足
31、足语语就就成成了了主主语语补补足足语，与谓语一起称为语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语复合谓语”，如：，如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time.She was never heard singing that song again.One of the glasses was found broken.有有些些动动词词既既可可以以用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语，又又可可以以用用现现在在分分词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语，有有有有些些些些动动动动词词词词只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足
32、足足语语语语，这这些些动动词词是是：catch,keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,excuse,spy,send 等，例如：等，例如：She caught her son smoking a cigarette.Wed better keep the fire burning.I dont mind you joking.I like it.The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time.I dont remember him ever saying anything like that.We
33、 must try to stop them getting into trouble.His words started me thinking seriously.Can you smell something burning?The earthquake sent the china and glass crashing to the ground.现在分词的完成形式和被动形式现在分词的完成形式和被动形式现现在在分分词词的的完完成成形形式式主主要要用用在在状状语语中中，表表示示动动作作在在谓谓语语动动作作之之前发生，如：前发生，如：Having been there many times
34、,he offered to be our guide.The delegates,having fulfilled their mission,arrived back in Shanghai.注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：His comrades having all left for the front,he didnt want to stay in the rear.在在表表示示一一个个被被动动的的动动作作时时，如如果果这这个个动动作作是是现现刻刻正正在在进进行行的的，或或是是与与谓谓语语表表示示的的动动作作同同时
35、时发发生生的的，就就可可以以用用现现在在分分词词的的被被动动形形式式。这种形式可以作这种形式可以作定语、状语定语、状语定语、状语定语、状语或或构成复合宾语构成复合宾语构成复合宾语构成复合宾语，如：，如：That building being repaired is our library.（定语）定语）He asked who was the man being operated on.（定语）定语）Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.（宾语补足语）宾语补足语）As we entered the village,we saw new
36、houses being built.（宾宾语语补足语）补足语）Being asked to give a performance,she couldnt very well refuse.（状语）状语）Being protected by a thick wall,they felt they were quite safe.（状语）状语）有时还有完成被动形式，如：有时还有完成被动形式，如：Having been given such a good chance,how could she let it slip away?在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时在用分词短语作状语时在用分词
37、短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致致致致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为这种结构称为这种结构称为这种结构称为:独独立立结结构构独独立立结结构构可可以以表表示示伴伴随随动动作作或或情情况况,表表示示时时间间、原原因因、条条件件等等,例如：例如：He rushed into the room,his face covered with sw
38、eat.(伴随情况伴随情况)The shower being over,we continued to march.(时间时间)So many students being absent,we decided to put the meeting off.(原因原因)Weather permitting,well have an outing tomorrow.(条件条件)All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.The job done,we went home.The composition written
39、,he handed it to the teacher.9、静夜四无邻，荒居旧业贫。2022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November27,202210、雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/20223:21:18AM11、以我独沈久，愧君相见频。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Nov-2227-Nov-2212、故人江海别，几度隔山川。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November27,202213、乍见翻疑梦，相悲各问年。2022/11/2
40、72022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202214、他乡生白发，旧国见青山。27十一月20222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2715、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。十一月222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202216、行动出成果，工作出财富。2022/11/272022/11/2727November202217、做前，能够环视四周；做时，你只能或者最好沿着以脚为起点的射线向前。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/279、没有失败，只有暂时停止成功！
41、。2022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November27,202210、很多事情努力了未必有结果，但是不努力却什么改变也没有。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/20223:21:18AM11、成功就是日复一日那一点点小小努力的积累。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Nov-2227-Nov-2212、世间成事，不求其绝对圆满，留一份不足，可得无限完美。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November27,202213、不知香积寺，数里入云峰。2022/11/272022
42、/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。27十一月20222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2715、楚塞三湘接，荆门九派通。十一月222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202216、少年十五二十时，步行夺得胡马骑。2022/11/272022/11/2727November202217、空山新雨后，天气晚来秋。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/279、杨柳散和风，青山澹吾虑。2022/11/272022/1
43、1/27Sunday,November27,202210、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/20223:21:18AM11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Nov-2227-Nov-2212、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27Sunday,November27,202213、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/
44、27/202214、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。27十一月20222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2715、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。十一月222022/11/272022/11/272022/11/2711/27/202216、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2022/11/272022/11/2727November202217、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。2022/11/272022/11/272022/11/272022/11/27MOMODA POWERPOINTLorem ipsum dolor sit amet,consectetur adipiscing elit.Fusce id urna blandit,eleifend nulla ac,fringilla purus.Nulla iaculis tempor felis ut cursus.感感 谢谢 您您 的的 下下 载载 观观 看看专家告诉