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1、 红寺堡第一中学红寺堡第一中学:余学荣余学荣1一短文改错的测试特点1、词法的测试、词法的测试 词法的测试包括：1）定冠词和不定冠词的用法；定冠词和不定冠词的用法；2）名词的单复数和名词所有格；）名词的单复数和名词所有格；3）动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词；）动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词；4）人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、）人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词的用法；连接代词、不定代词的用法；5）介词的搭配；）介词的搭配；6）并列连词、从属连词的用法；）并列连词、从属连词的用法；7）形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高）形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；级的用法；8）固
2、定搭配和习惯用法。）固定搭配和习惯用法。22、句法的测试、句法的测试句法的测试包括：句法的测试包括：1）主）主、谓语在数上的一致；、谓语在数上的一致；2）名词性从句；）名词性从句；3）定语从句；）定语从句；4）强调句型；）强调句型；5）句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑）句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。性。3 3、语篇的测试、语篇的测试 语篇的测试包括：语篇的测试包括：1）上下文中的时态是否一）上下文中的时态是否一致；致；2）上下文中的代词是否一）上下文中的代词是否一致；致；3）上下文中的逻辑是否一）上下文中的逻辑是否一致致。4v高考短文改错的短文通常只有高考短文改错的短文通常只
3、有120个词个词左右，有左右，有10处错误，短文的难度也与考处错误，短文的难度也与考生的习作相当，考查学生对英语知识的生的习作相当，考查学生对英语知识的综合运用能力。各种错误所占比例为综合运用能力。各种错误所占比例为v2：1：7:v或者或者1：1：8：多多 缺缺 错错二二.短文改错的命题特点短文改错的命题特点5三三.短文改错的题型特点短文改错的题型特点1。错词错词。短文中有一词在词法，搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出来并改为正确的词。1.Work hard，but you ll make great progress.Work hard,and youll make great progr
4、ess.2.Their school is not so big as our.Their school is not so big as ours 3.Three four of the building were ruined Three fourths of the building were ruined62.缺词缺词。在短文中缺词的地方，要求考生按语法。搭配或上下文语义的需要找出所缺的词并补上所缺的词。1.Im writing to ask you come to our class for a visit.Im writing to ask you to come to our c
5、lass for a visit.2.Because the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.7Because of the help you gave me that summer,my life changed.3.Attention.please,everyone！I have annoucement to make.Attention,please,everyone!I have an annoucement to make.83.多词多词在短文中有一词按照语法在短文中有一词按照语法.搭配或上下文语义要搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多
6、余求纯属多余,要求考生认定该多余的词并划去要求考生认定该多余的词并划去.1.With his help,I made a great progress and caught up with the class.With his help,I made great progress and caught up with the class.92.A shocking incident was happened in Pengyang county on October 14.A shocking incident happened in Pengyang county on October 14
7、.3.Although Im 16 years old,but my father still treats me as a careless child.Although Im 16 years old,my father still treats me as a careless child.10四、短文改错题的错误类型四、短文改错题的错误类型在高考英语试卷中，短文改错题属综合能力测在高考英语试卷中，短文改错题属综合能力测试题型，要求考生全面地运用语言知识，根试题型，要求考生全面地运用语言知识，根据语法结构。词汇意义。上下文关系等进行据语法结构。词汇意义。上下文关系等进行综合判断，找出错误
8、，加以改正。错误大致综合判断，找出错误，加以改正。错误大致可分为词汇错误。句法错误和上下文逻辑错可分为词汇错误。句法错误和上下文逻辑错误。误。(一一).词法方面的错误主要有词法方面的错误主要有:11 1.冠词方面的错误冠词方面的错误 1.该使用冠词的地方没有使用冠词或不需要使用冠词的地该使用冠词的地方没有使用冠词或不需要使用冠词的地方却使用了冠词方却使用了冠词.2.冠词的误用冠词的误用,该用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠该用定冠词的地方使用了不定冠,而该用不而该用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词.1.I had decided to give it up,but on the
9、second thoughts,I decided to try a third time.I had decided to give it up,but on second thoughts,I decided to try a third time.2.Mr Black will go to the US by a plane.Mr Black will go to the US by plane.122.名词方面的错误名词方面的错误1.可数名词数的使用错误可数名词数的使用错误;2.可数名和不可数名可数名和不可数名的混淆的混淆;3.名词的所有格错误名词的所有格错误.4.名词做定语名词做定语
10、的用法的用法.1.Without such knowledges,one would not be able to understand what was seen or heard.Without such knowledge,one would not be able to understand what was seen or heard.132.To my surprise,he has finished a day work.To my surprise,he has finished adays work.3.In order to buy a nice pair of shoes
11、,he went to several shoes stores.In order to buy a nice pair of shoes,he went to several shoestores.143.情态动词方面的错误情态动词方面的错误Need 和 dare 可以用作实义动词,在回答由 could 和might引导的表请求的一般疑问句时,不能用could 和 might(应分别用和 may)回答.1.“Could I use your dictionary?”“Yes,of course you could”.“Could I use your dictionary?”“Yes of
12、course you can”.2.“Must I leave here right now?”“No you mustnt”.“Must I leave here right now?”“No you neednt”.15 4.代词的用法错误代词的用法错误.代词误用是要求判别代词同它所指代的词在单复数.格或人称上是否一致;指代什么,用法是否正确;以及作为形式主语或形式宾语it的用法错误。1.In spite of all these changes,a great number of men still guard his rights.In spite of all these chang
13、es,a great number of men still guard their rights.2.I dont think this possible to learn a foreign language well without hard work.I dont think it possible to learn a foreign language well without hard work.165.形容词、副词的误用形容词、副词的误用主要指该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容词，还要分析该形容词或副词修饰什么,形式是否正确,是原级、比较级还是最高级。1.You a
14、lways gave me specially attention and encouraged me to work hard.You always gave me special attention and encouraged me to work hard.2.The journey was long and tired.The journey was long and tiring.17 6.有关连词方面的错误有关连词方面的错误.连接词的误用主要有把握不住句式误用连词,混淆连词与关系副词,推断不出上下文逻辑关系误用连词等.1.Im trying to improve the situ
15、ation since it doesnt seem to work.Im trying to improve the situation but it doesnt seem to work.2.Be careful,and youll fall into the river.Be careful,or youll fall into the river.187.非谓语动词的用法错误非谓语动词的用法错误.非谓语动词包括动词不定式.动名词和分词.做题时要求判断是用不定式.动名词还是分词.一看到句子中有分词(现在分词或过去分词),就要判断这个分词是表示主动还是被动;是表示现在还是过去;是该用现在
16、分词还是过去分词.Eg:1.Onseeingtheyoungchildtofallintothelake,Tomwenttotherescue.Onseeingtheyoungchild fall intothelake,Tomwenttotherescue.2.The audience stood up,looked out of the window.The audience stood up,lookingoutofthewindow198.介词介词(固定搭配固定搭配)方面的错误方面的错误.介词的误用主要指介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。1.The basketb
17、all team is made up with 10 young players.The basketball team is made up of10 young players.2.The two classrooms are quite different from size.The two classrooms are quite different in size.20(二二).句法方面的错误有句法方面的错误有:名词性从句.定语从句.强调句和主胃一致方面的错误.1.Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laugh
18、ing.That fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.2.It is known to all,too much smoking will cause lung cancer.As is known to all,too much smoking will cause lung cancer.213.What I need are a big fortune now.What I need is a big fortune now.4.It was at the railway station where I m
19、et Li Ming yesterday.It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.22五五.短文改错的解题要求短文改错的解题要求 短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正词法、短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。既句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。既能考查学生词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查学生能考查学生词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查学生的阅读理解能力。如果发现错误，规规矩矩地按照的阅读理解能力。如果发现错误，规规矩矩地按照要求改正。要求改正。增加：在缺词处加
20、一个漏字符号（增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面），并在其下面写出该词。写出该词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。）划掉。修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。改后的词。23六六.短文改错应注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题四不改：四不改：1.单词拼写不改单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改大小写不改.3.词序不改词序不改.4.标点符号不改标点符号不改24七七.解题步骤解题步骤25八八.短文改错口诀短文改错口诀v动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副；动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副；v非谓语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；非谓
21、语，细辨别，代词格，细领悟；v介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住；v句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注，v冠词连词常光顾。冠词连词常光顾。26九、跟踪练习九、跟踪练习-句子改错句子改错271).To my surprised,he has finished a days work.2).Mr Black will go to the US by a plane。3).His ruler is longer than I，which is clear to everybody。4).This TV set is the cheaper of
22、 the three。5).We invited a foreign teacher give us a speech yesterday。6).Youd better buy you some fruits when you go on a trip。7).A 200-meters-long bridge will be built near my house next year8).They arrived early in a Tuesday morning。9).It is known to all，too much smoking will cause lung cancer。10)
23、.The film I saw yesterday is really moving.It is very worth seeing a third time。28v1).To my surprise,he has finished a day workv To my surprise，he has finished adays work。v2).Mr Black will go to the US by a plane。v Mr Black will go to the US by plane。v3).His ruler is longer than I，which is clear to
24、everybody。v His ruler is longer than mine，which is clear to everybody。294).This TV set is the cheaper of the three。This TV set is the cheapest of the three。5).We invited a foreign teacher give us a speech yesterday。We invited a foreign teacher to give us a speech yesterday。306).Youd better buy you s
25、ome fruits when you go on a trip。Youd better buy yourself some fruits when you go on a trip。7).A 200-meters-long bridge will be built near my house next year。A 200-meter-long bridge will be built near my house next year。8).They arrived early in a Tuesday morning。They arrived early on a Tuesday morni
26、ng。319).It is known to all，too much smoking will cause lung cancer。As is known to all，too much smoking will cause lung cancer。10).Two days is not enough for me to finish the work。I need the third day。Two days is not enough for me to finish the work，I need athird day。32十十.Practice One day,I was cooki
27、ng in the kitchen when the telephone rings.I went to answer them immediately.It was from the one of my close friends,Lisa.When we were talked on the phone,the fire alarm sounded.I ran back to the kitchen.The room was full of smoke but the beef was badly burnt.I quickly turned off the gas,opening all the windows,and then went out the house.To my surprise,two fire engine were outside my house.I was rather worried.I told the firemen it was my careless cooking which caused the heavy smoke and that I would be carefully later.3334