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1、高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)1 高一英语语法(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高一英语语法(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为高一英语语法(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)2 高一英语语法 一。句子成
2、分(一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.(二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在 there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。We often speak English in class.（代词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure。(不定式）Smoking does harm to health.(动名词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided。（主语从句）It is nece
3、ssary to master a foreign language。（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students。（四）表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词
4、（如 be,become，get，look,grow，turn,seem等）之后。His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)Time is up。Class is over.（副词）（五）宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think(that)he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me
5、 your dictionary,please。（2）复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，例如：They elected him their monitor。（六）宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的特征或状态的.We saw her entering the room.(现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country;America is a developed country
6、.（分词)Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语)(八)状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语)He is proud to have passed the examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane。（分词短语)（九)同
7、位语:用来说明或者解释同一事物或人，通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。可由以下形式表示：Mr.Smith,our new teacher，is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody 是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时
8、和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)3 即时训练:指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1。The students got on the school bus.2。He handed me the newspaper.3。I shall answer your question after class。4。What a beautiful Chinese painting！5。They went hunting together early in the morning.6。His job is to t
9、rain swimmers。7。He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing。8。There is going to be an American film tonight.9。He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10。His wish is to become a scientist。11.He managed to finish the work in time。12。Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master Engli
10、sh。14。Would you please tell me your address?15。He sat there,reading a newspaper.16.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy。17。He noticed a man enter the room.18。The apples tasted sweet.二.英语句子分类 一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old；She didnt hear of you before。2）疑问句(一
11、般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating？How old is he?Is he six or seven years old?Mary can swim，cant sh e？3）祈使句：Be careful,boys；Dont talk in class 是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法
12、(word 版可编辑修改)4 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is！2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）.e。g。He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys。She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2）并列句:由并列连词（and,but，or等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e。g。You help him and he
13、 helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous。前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。3)复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e。g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall。三。简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g。He is a student。2、主语+谓语(不及物动词)：e。g.We work.3、主语+谓语(及物动词）+
14、宾语:e.g.Henry bought a dictionary。4、主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g.My father bought me a car。5、主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e。g.Tom made the baby laugh.即时训练:判断简单句的五种基本句型。1.Our school is not far from my home。2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3。All of us considered him honest。4。My grandfather bought me a pair o
15、f sports shoes。5。Would you please pass me the cup?6.He made it clear that he would leave the city 7.Trees turn green when spring comes.8。Grandma told me an interesting story last night。9.All the students think highly of his teaching。10.He asked us to sing an English song。11.The idea sounds great.是任然
16、希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)5 12。We will make our school more beautiful.13。Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.14。Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the ce
17、nter of town。15。The old man lives a lonely life.四。定语从句讲解（1)（一）定义及相关术语 1定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有 that，which，who,whom，whose，as等；关系副词有 when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分.例如：The man who is shaking hands
18、with my father is a policeman。该 句 中,who is shaking hands with my father 是 定 语 从 句，修 饰 先 行 词the man，“who是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词 the man，在定语从句中作主语.(二）定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.Charles Smith,who was my former teacher，retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(非限）There is somebody here who wants to speak to
19、you这里有人要和你说话（限制性）是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)6(二）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词一览表 功能 作用 用于限制性从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 定语 who
20、se(=of whom）whose（=of which)1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics。那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。Mr。Liu is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus。刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy(whom)I want
21、to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)7 注意:关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略.The man(whom/who)you met just now is my old friend.3Which 指物，在定语从句中
22、做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。This is the pen(which）he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。The film(which）they went to see last night was not interesting at all。他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which.在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning？我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that/whom you
23、 introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer。春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia。昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。*具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1、只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况:*1)当先行词是：all,any,much；little；none;anything,everything，nothing或被它们修饰时。Is ther
24、e anything that I can do for you?有什么可以为你做的吗？All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做.是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)8*2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：That is one o
25、f the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。*3）当先行词有:the only,the very，the same，the last 等修饰时.例如：My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。4）当主句以 who 或 which 开头时，定语从句中引导词用 that,不用
26、which 或 who,以避免重复。例如:Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用 that。例如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名.2、只用 which 不用 that 的情况：1）关系代词前有介词时;e。g。This is the room in which Lu Xun lived。*2）非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的
27、关系代词也不能省略。e。g。That necklace,which you gave me as a present，was lost yesterday*3)先行词本身是 that 时；e。g。The clock is that which tells the time 即时训练：I will tell him all you told me at the ball.是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中
28、主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)9 The only thing we could do was to wait。The first place we visited was the Great Wall。We talked about the people and the villages we remembered。5Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全
29、国知名的科学家。He has a friend whose father is a doctor。他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom t he door of which is broken will soon be repaired。Do you like the book whose co
30、ver is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow？（三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词引出。The school（which/that)he once studied in is very famous。The school in which he once studied is very famous。他曾经就读过的学校很出名。This is the boy（whom/who/that)I played tennis with yesterday。Th
31、is is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday。这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩.即时训练：是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)10 一、请分析一下定语从句：（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)Eg.1。Another thing that
32、 I found very difficult was English grammar.2。You couldnt understand people who talked fast.3。I have some ideas that may help.4。They said something you didnt like.5。Can you think of any problems you have had recently?6.What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?7。Standing very close to t
33、he person you are talking with is quite common in some countries。二 定语从句易犯错误(改错)1Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 2The book that you need it is in the library 3Anyone who break the law will be punished 4Those who has finished may go home 5Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 6Th
34、e key opens the bike is missing 7The house where he lives in needs repairing 8I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing 9Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?10I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late 三、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.
35、This is the man _ wants to see you。2。The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua。是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)11 3。The man _ you went to see has come.4。
36、The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher。5。The man _was passing by saw what happened。6。Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday。7。These books _ you lent me were very useful。8.I will never forget the days_ we spent together.9。A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.10。A dictionary
37、 is a book _ gives the meaning to the word。11.I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited。12。Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing？13.She hates everything _ is modern。14.She wrote a book about the people and things _ impressed her most deeply during her stay there。15。He is t
38、he only person _ was present at the time。16.This is the best car _ is made in China.定语从句讲解（2)（一）关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语.I still remember the day when I first came to this school.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。2 where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。Shanghai is the city where I was born.上海是我出生的城市.是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内
39、容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)12 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down。我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation，stage,condition,degree 和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用 whe
40、re 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因.The reason why he was punished is unknown to us。他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.我不知道他今天为什么看上去不愉快。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示.如:From the
41、years when/in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up。自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Great changes are taking place in the city where/in which they live。他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.是任然希望高一英语
42、语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)13 他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。总的说来,选择介词，一是根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的习惯搭配，二是根据先行词和介词的习惯搭配，三是根据句子意思表达的需要。1.考查定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯(1）看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 The documents wh
43、ich they were searching have been recovered。American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A。who B.as C.about which D.with whom (2004上海卷）（2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar.2.考查先行词与介词的搭配习惯 这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词
44、.如：Ill never forget the day which she said goodbye to me.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success。A.for which B。at which C。in which D.on which 3，考查根据句意确定介词 Tom,whom the window was broken，has been criticized by his teacher.I am looking for my glasses，which I can
45、t watch TV clearly.In the office，I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m._ time many people have gone home.A。whose B.that C.on which D.by which 是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明
46、主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)14（二)关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是:1。as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子.如:He is honest，as/which we can see。他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割主句。which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像的含义。如:As is known to all，China is
47、a developing country.众所周知,中国是发展中国家.John，as you know，is a famous writer.正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用 which。如：Tom was late for school again and again,which made his teacher very angry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。1。当先行词受 such,the same 修饰时，关系词常用 as。如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过像
48、他讲的这样的故事。This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受 the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句，但与 as 引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.是任然希望高一英语语法版可编辑修改的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈业绩进步以下为高一英语语法版可编辑修改的全部内容高一英语语法一句子成分高一英语语法版可编辑修改一句子成主语不疑问词时和倒装句
49、中主语位于谓语助动词或情态动词后面代词动名词不定式主语从句三谓语谓语说明主语所做高一英语语法(word 版可编辑修改)15 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore。她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。（三）以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中当方式状语时，用 in which 或 that 引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way(that/in which)he answered the questions was surprising。他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇.
50、I dont like the way（that/in which）you laugh at her。我不喜欢你冲她的样子.(四）关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分）。试比较：A.I know a place _ we can have a picnic。I know a place _is famous for its beautiful natural scenery。B。I will never forget the days _ we spent our holidays together。I will never