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1、第1页Influenza第2页Influenza第3页1.What is Influenza?2.How Influenza Spreads3.Symptoms4.Diagnosis5.Treatment6.How to Prevent第4页1.What is Influenza?Influenza(the flu)is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.It can cause mild to severe illness,and at times can lead to death.History：2,
2、400 years第5页 A cold is a milder respiratory illness than the flu.While cold symptoms can make you feel bad for a few days.Flu symptoms can make you feel quite ill for a few days to weeks.Cold symptoms usually begin with a sore throat,which usually goes away after a day or two.Nasal symptoms,runny no
3、se,and congestion follow,along with a cough by the fourth and fifth days.Fever is uncommon in adults,but a slight fever is possible.Children are more likely to have a fever with a cold.With cold symptoms,your nose teems with watery nasal secretions for the first few days.Later,these become thicker a
4、nd darker.Whether a person has typical seasonal flu or swine flu,the symptoms seem to be quite similar.Flu symptoms are usually more severe than cold symptoms and come on quickly.Symptoms of swine flu and seasonal flu include sore throat,fever,headache,muscle aches and soreness,congestion,and cough.
5、Swine flu in particular is also associated with vomiting and diarrhea.Difference Between Cold or FLU第6页lInfluenza(the flu)is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.It can cause mild to severe illness,and at times can lead to death.The best way to prevent seasonal flu is by gett
6、ing a seasonal flu vaccination each year.In virus classification influenza viruses are RNA viruses that make up three of the five genera of the family Orthomyxoviridae.Influenzavirus A Influenzavirus B Influenzavirus C Influenza(the flu)第7页第8页1918 H1N1 Spanish flu 40 million1957 H2N3 Far east flu 2
7、million1968 H2N3 Hong Kong flu 700000 World War I：8 to 10 million 20th century第9页第10页Key Influenza A Viral Features神经氨酸酶神经氨酸酶（N）血血 凝凝 素素（H）第11页Influenza:An Ever-Changing VirusAntigenic drift:Small change,happen continually over timeIs one of the main reasons why people can get the flu more than one
8、timeAntigenic shift:Is an abrupt,major changeResults in a new influenza A subtype or a virus第12页2.How Influenza SpreadsPeople with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet awayMost experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough,sneeze or talkThese
9、droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.Less often,a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose(contact transmission)第13页第14页According According to to Cen
10、ter Center for for disease disease control control&prevention prevention(CDC),(CDC),symptoms symptoms of of H1N1 H1N1 influenza influenza resembles resembles seasonal seasonal influenza influenza and and other other acute acute upper upper respiratory tract infections.respiratory tract infections.3.
11、Symptoms Fever with or without chills Lethargy Lack of appetite Sore throat Cough Running nose Body ache Headache Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea 第15页第16页4.DiagnosisDifficult to diagnoseSimilar to the common coldOnset of symptoms may occur rapidly第17页DiagnosisIt can be tested for in the lab 第18页Leukopenia
12、particularly lymphopenia mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia slightly or moderately elevated aminotransferase levelsMarked hyperglycemia related to corticosteroid use elevated creatinine levels Common laboratory findings第19页viral isolation chick embryos cultured cellsVirology Diagnosis第20页Virology Dia
13、gnosisReal-time PCR Rapid Quantitative第21页Immunofluroscence Rapid Distinguish between influenza A and B virusesVirology Diagnosis第22页Drugs proved resistant at present 5.Treatment第23页6.How to Prevent8 Steps to Protect YourselfIndividual preparednessBefore the pandemic comesWhen the pandemic comes第24页
14、Step 1 Be prepared Step 2 Get vaccinatedStep 3 Keep hands cleanStep 4 Use mask properly 8 Steps To Protect Yourself第25页Step 5 Know how influenza presentsStep 6 Manage fever wellStep 7 Practise healthy lifestyleStep 8 Be resourceful 8 Steps To Protect Yourself第26页Step 1:Be PreparednBuild up good pers
15、onal hygiene wash hands frequently wear mask when symptoms of respiratory tract infection develop cover mouth and nose with tissue when coughing or sneezing and dispose of soiled tissue properly in a lidded rubbish bin avoid touching eyes,mouth or nose第27页Step 1:Be Prepared Keep at home Masks Masks
16、Antipyretics for use when necessary Antipyretics for use when necessary Thermometer Thermometer Liquid soap Liquid soap Tissue Tissue Be always ready with information of family doctor&other useful information第28页Seasonal peaks:Jan-Mar/Jul AugInfluenza vaccination one of the effective means of preven
17、ting influenza and its complicationsInfluenza vaccination is recommended to special groupsStep 2:Get Vaccinated第29页People who should receive influenza vaccination:Elderly persons living in residential care homes Long-stay residents of institutions for the disabled Elderly persons aged 65 years or ab
18、ove Persons with chronic illnesses Health care workers Poultry workers Children aged 6 to 23 months Pregnant women in their second or third trimester Influenza vaccine can be given on the same day as other types of vaccinesStep 2:Get Vaccinated第30页Step 2:Get Vaccinatedn People not suitable to receiv
19、e influenza vaccination:Allergic to eggs,neomycin,etc Allergic to previous dose of influenza vaccine With bleeding disorders or on warfarin deep subcutaneous injection Suffer from acute febrile illness receive when recover第31页Step 2:Get Vaccinatedn Two weeks after vaccination antibodies develop and
20、provide protectionn Immunity declines over time第32页Step 2:Get Vaccinated Yearly influenza vaccine is targeted on seasonal influenza only Development of a new vaccine which matches the pandemic viral strain will probably take several months to complete第33页Step 3:Keep Hands CleanWhen Should We Wash Ou
21、r Hands?Before touching eyes,mouth&nose When hands are contaminated by respiratory secretion e.g.after coughing/sneezing After touching public installations or equipment e.g.escalator handrails,elevator control panels,door knobs Before handling food or eating After going to toilet第34页Step 3:Keep Han
22、ds CleanSteps to Good Hand Washing:Wet hands under running waterApply liquid soap and rub hands together to make a soapy latherMassage all the fingers properly for at least 20 secondsRinse hands thoroughly under running water第35页Step 3:Keep Hands CleanDry hands thoroughly with clean cotton towel/pap
23、er towel/hand dryerThe tap may be turned off by using the towel wrapping the faucetNote:Rub hands with 65-95%alcohol handrub to disinfect them when hand washing facilities are not available第36页Step 4:Use Mask Properly A way to prevent spread of respiratory tract infections Surgical masks prevent spr
24、ead of droplet infections outwardInward第37页Step 4:Use Mask Properly People who should wear masks:Patients with respiratory infection symptoms Caregivers of patients with respiratory infection symptoms Visitors of clinics or hospitals第38页Points to note about wearing a surgical mask:The mask should fi
25、t snugly over the face Try not to touch the mask once it is secured on your face.If you must do so,wash your hands before and after touching the maskWhen taking off the mask,avoid touching the outside of the maskStep 4:Use Mask Properly第39页Points to note about wearing a surgical mask:After taking of
26、f the mask,put the mask into a plastic or paper bag before putting it into a rubbish bin with a lidA surgical mask should be changed at least dailyReplace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiledStep 4:Use Mask Properly第40页Step 5:Know How Influenza PresentsIncubation period:about 1-3 days Sig
27、ns and symptoms of influenza:Fever Headache Muscle ache Cough Sore throat Runny nose第41页Self-care tips of fever:Check body temperature regularly Take antipyretics Symptoms persistent,severe or getting worse consult a doctorNote:General households should maintain about one weeks supply of antipyretic
28、s for use when necessaryStep 6:Manage Fever Well第42页Step 7:Practise Healthy LifestyleIs one of the most effective ways to prevent communicable diseasesTo lead a healthy lifestyle:Eat a balanced diet Get regular exercise Do not smoke Have adequate rest build up body resistance 第43页Step 7:Practise Hea
29、lthy LifestyleMajor components of a balanced diet A variety of food Whole grains as the major component of each meal Plenty of fruits and vegetablesAdequate amounts of fluids 第44页Eat adequate amounts of lean meat or beans,and reduced fat dairy products Avoid processed or preserved food and food that
30、 is rich in fat,cholesterol,salt and sugarHave regular meals Step 7:Practise Healthy Lifestyle第45页Regular exercise:30 minutes every day/accumulate exercise time in multiple sessions not less than 10 minutes eachPhysical activity of moderate intensity builds up cardiovascular endurance enhances heart
31、 and lung functions and blood circulation improves health Step 7:Practise Healthy Lifestyle第46页Step 8:Be ResourcefulUseful websitesDepartment of Healthwww.dh.gov.hk Centre for Health Protectionwww.chp.gov.hk Medical organisation hotlines 24-hour Health Education Hotline of the DH:2833 0111 Influenza Pandemic Hotline of the DH:187 2222 Tel nos.of hospitals under the HA having 24-hour emergency services Tel nos.of private hospitals having 24-hour emergency services 第47页第48页第49页第50页第51页第52页第53页第54页第55页第56页第57页第58页THANKING FOR YOUR LISTENING!第59页