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1、新视野大学英语第四册单词词组（详）Unit One Section A The Tail of FameWords：1.chase vt.run after sb.or sth.in order to catch them 追逐；追赶egl.My dog likes chasing rab b its.我的那条狗喜欢追逐兔子。eg2.We were chased by a bull while crossing the field.我们穿过田地时，有一条公牛追逐着我们。2.cruelty n.C,UJ behavior that makes people or animals suffer 残
2、酷；残忍egl.The book tells readers the cruelty of the slave trade at that time.这本书告诉了读者在那个时候奴隶买卖的残忍。eg2.The farmer was accused of cruelty to animals.这个农民被指控残酷虐待动物。3.pessimistic a.expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that sth.willhave a bad result 悲观的egl.The tone of the meeting was very
3、 pessimistic.该会议的气氛非常悲观。eg2.The doctors are pessimistic about his chances of recovery.医生们对他康复的可能性感到悲观。词形变换：pessimism n.悲 观 主 义 pessimist n.悲观主义者 反 optimistic a.optimism n.optimist n.4.conquest n,1.U the process of gaining control over sth.through great effort征服；控制egl.The conquest of inflation has be
4、en the Governments economic priority.控制通货膨胀一直是政府经济工作的重点。eg 2.He finally made the conquest of the disease come true.他最后战月生 了那疾病。2.sing.,U the act of taking control of a country,city,etc.byforce征服；攻占egl.After the Norman Conquest the forest became a royal hunting preserve.在诺曼征服之后，这片森林就成了皇家狩猎地。eg2.The e
5、mpire had expanded largely through military conquest.帝国的扩张主要是通过军事占领。5.bankrupt a.without enough money to pay what one owes 破产的eg 1.The company was declared bankrupt.这家公司被宣布破产。eg2.Five years ago she was a successful actress,but now she is bankrupt.五年前她是一个成功的演员，可是现在她一贫如洗了。6.motive n.C a reason for doi
6、ng sth.动机egl.Why would she have killed him?She had no motive.她为什么会杀他呢？她没有任何动机。eg2.What is the motive behind the bombing?爆炸背后有什么动机？7.worship vt,admire and love sb.very much 崇拜；敬重；仰慕egl.He worshipped his wife.他很崇拜妻子。eg2.He was amused by the way younger actors worshipped and copied him.年青演员崇拜他、模仿他的方式使他
7、感到很有意思。8.spur vt.encourage sb.or make them want to do sth.鼓励；U 激egl.Her difficult childhood spurred her on to succeed.她艰难的童年激励她去取得成功。eg2.My trainer spurred me to keep up a pace of four miles an hour.我的教练鼓励我保持每小时4 英里的节奏。9.lure n.CJ sth.that attracts people,or the quality of being able to do this 诱惑eg
8、l.Few can resist the lure of adventure.几乎没有人抵挡得住历险的吸引力。eg2.It is the lure of money that brings them to the city.是金钱的诱惑使他们来到了这城市。10.drown u1.have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is dificult to deal with 沉浸于egl.Relief agencies are drowning in frustration.救济机构都沉浸于沮丧之中。eg2.1 felt as if I
9、 were drowning in sleep.我感到自己好像沉浸在睡眠之中。2.die from being under water for too long,or to kill sb.in this way（使）淹死egl.Many people drowned when the boat overturned.翻月谷时有许多人淹死了。eg2.He drowned in a boating accident.他在一次划船事故中淹死了。11.imperial a.1.great and magnificent 壮丽的；宏大的egl.The house is huge and almost
10、imperial.房子很大，极其壮丽。eg2.It is said that few places on earth offer such imperial scenic beauty as this.据说世界上很少有地方像这里有如此壮观的美景。2.relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝国的；皇帝的eg 1.the decline of an imperial power 强盛帝国的衰败eg2.Britains imperial expansion in the 19th century 英帝国在 19 世纪的扩张12.exp
11、loit E 1.to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain anadvantagefor yourself利 用（.为自己谋利）eg 1.He exploited his fathers name to get himself a job.他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。eg2.She realized that her youth and inexperience were being exploited.他意识到自己的年轻和缺乏经验正受人利用。2.to develop or use sth for busines
12、s or industry 开发，开采egl.countries exploiting the rainforests for hardwood 为获取硬木而开发热带雨林的国家eg2.No minerals have yet been exploited in Antarctica.南极洲的矿藏还为开采。词形变换：exploitation n.exploitative a.剥削的，榨取的13.agent n.1.C sb.whose job is to help an actor,artist,etc.find work 经纪人egl.A best-selling writer needs a
13、 good agent.畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。eg2.My agent has a new script for me to look a t.我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。2.C a person or company that represents another person orcompany,esp.in business 代理人；代理商egl.Our agent in New York deals with all US sales.我们在纽约的代理商处理所有的美国销售业务。14.hasten vt.make sth.happen sooner or more quickl
14、y 力 口 快；力 口 速egl.The treatment she received may,in fact,have hastened her death.实际上她接受的治疗加速了她的死亡。eg2.News of the scandal certainly hastened his departure from office.有关这件丑闻的消息当然加速了他的离职。15.blur n.C sth.that one cannot remember or see clearly 模糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物egl.The events of that day were just a blur.那天
15、所发生的事情简直就是一片模糊，记不清楚。eg2.My memory of my childhood days is only a blur.我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。16.continuity n.UJ the state of continuing for a period of time 连贯；连 续(性)egl.The novel fails to achieve narrative continuity.这部小说在叙述的连贯性上是失败的。eg2.His speech lacks continuity in logic.他的演说缺乏逻辑的连贯性。17.sustain vt.make st
16、h.continue to exist for a period of time 维持；使 持续egl.She managed to sustain everyones interest until the end of her speech.她设法使得每个人的兴趣都保持到她演讲结束。eg2.Kangaroos can sustain high speeds over long distances.袋鼠能高速行进很长的距离。词形变换：sustainable a.可持续的18.dissolve v.(of a solid)to mix with a liquid and become part
17、of it 溶解egl.Salt dissolves in water.盐溶解于水。eg2.Heat gently until the sugar dissolves.慢慢加热直至U 糖溶解为止。词形变换：dissolution n.溶解，解除19.minute a.very small 极小的egl.Her writings so minute that its difficult to read.她的字迹太小了,很难认。eg2.The problem was caused by minute particles of dust getting in the disk drive.问题是由进
18、入到磁盘驱动器上的灰尘微粒引起的。20.discount vt.1.regard sth.as unlikely to be true or important 忽视;彳氐估egl.You shouldnt discount the possibility of him coming back.你们不应该不相信他回来的可能性。eg2.Much of what he says must be discounted.他说的很多话不可信。2.reduce the price of sth.降低价格；打折egl.The store discounts all its merchandise.这家商店的
19、所有商品都打折。eg2.He asked to discount 15%from the price.他要求打八五折。n.C a reduction in the usual price of sth.折扣egl.They usually give you a discount if you buy more than ten copies.如果你买十本以上，他们通常给你打折扣。eg2.They offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.他们向乘火车旅行的学生提供九折优惠。21.plot n.1.C the story of
20、 a book,film,p la y,（小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节egl.The film has a very simple plot.这部电影的情节非常简单。eg2.The plots of his books are basically all the sam e.他写的书在情节上基本都是一样的。2.C a secret plan 阴谋；密谋egl.The plot was discovered before it was carried o u t.这密谋还没进行就已被发现。eg2.The police have foiled a plot to assassinate the Pr
21、esident.警方挫败了一起暗杀总统的阴谋。22.distinct a.1.clearly different or belonging to a different type 明显不同的egl.The two concepts are quite distinct from each other.这两个概念是有明显区别的。eg2.The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.这两个组的学习需要是相当不同的。2.able to be clearly seen,heard,smelled 清晰的；
22、清楚的；明显的eg 1.The outline of the ship became more distinct.船的轮廓变得更清楚了。eg2.As night fell,the outline of the mountain became less distinct.夜幕降临，山峦的轮廓变得不那么清楚了。23.fraud n.C,U the crime of deceiving sb.in order to get money or sth.illegally欺诈；诈骗egl.She was charged with credit card fraud.她被指控用信用卡诈骗。eg2.Big
23、losses due to theft and fraud forced the company to close.由于偷窃和欺诈造成的巨大损失，这家公司倒闭了。24.contaminate vt.make sth.dirty or poisonous 污染；弄脏egl.Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.那海岸的许多地方已被核废料污染了。eg2.The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.被污染的食品已经被销毁了。词形变换：contamination n.污
24、染 contaminant n.污染物25.underline vt,1.draw a line under a word to show that it is important 在.卜划线egl.All the technical words have been underlined in red.所有的技术词汇下面都用红色划了线。eg2.Dont forget to underline the title of the essay.别忘了 在文章标题下划线。2.emphasize;show that sth.is important 强调，使突出egl.She underlined th
25、e seriousness of the situation.她强调了形势的严峻性。To underline their disgust,the crowd started throwing bottles at the stage.为了强调他们的厌恶，人群开始向舞台扔瓶子了。promise v.to give up some of your demands after a dispute with sb,inorder to reach an agreement（为达成协议而）妥协，折中，让步compromise(with sb.)(on sth)egl.They were unwillin
26、g to compromise with the Communists.他彳门不愿与共产党人妥协。eg2.After much argument,the judges finally compromised on the(=agreed to givethe prize to)the 18-year old pianist.经过激烈的讨论，评委终于同意那个 18岁的钢琴手获奖。n.an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side givesup some of the things they want so th
27、at both sides are happy at the end 妥协,折中，互让，和解egl.After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise.双方经过长期的商谈终于达成了妥协。eg2.In any relationship,you have to make compromises.在任何关系中，人们都得做出让步。词形变换：compromising a.有失体面的，不宜泄漏的27.uncompromising unwilling to change ones opinions or behavior 妥协的；不让
28、步的egl.He has a reputation for being tough and uncompromising.他因顽强、不妥协出名。eg2.At work,George was known as an uncompromising businessman.在工作上，乔治是一个决不让步的商人。28.object vi.oppose or disapprove of sth.反对；不赞成egl.Would anyone object if we start the meeting now?如果我们现在开始开会，有人反对吗？eg2.No one objected when the bos
29、s said it was time to go home.当老板说该回家了时，没有人表示反对:object to(doing)sth.egl.Many local people object to the building of the new airport.许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。eg2.1 really object to being charged for parking.我非常反对收停车费。29.accuse vt.say that sb.is guilty of a crime or of doing sth.bad 指控；控告egl.MIt wasnt my fault.
30、n 这不是我的过错。”Dont worry,Fm not accusing you.别担心，我不是在指责你eg2.He*s been accused of robbery.他被控抢劫。词形变换：accusing a.谴责的，指责的accusingly ad.accusatory a.谴责的，指责的，控告的accusation n.控告，起诉，谴责30.sue vt.make a legal claim against sb.,esp.for money 起诉；控告egl.The company is suing a former employee for breach of contract.
31、该公司正在起诉一个前雇员违反合同。eg2.He threatened to sue them if the work was not completed.如果工作完不成，他威胁要起诉他们。31.attorney n.C a lawyer 律师egl.Simpson answered questions from his defense attorney for nearly three hours.辛普森回答了将近三小时自己辩护律师提出的问题。eg2.Other investors have hired attorneys and are deciding whom to sue.其他投资者已
32、经雇了律师，正在决定要起诉谁。32.second vt.support a suggestion made by another person in a meeting；附议egl.The motion was proposed by the clubs chairman and seconded by thesecretary.这提案是俱乐部主席提出的，并得到了秘书的支持。eg2.Will anyone second this motion?有谁支持这项提议？”1 second it,Mr.Chairman.H”主席先生，我附议。”33.fine vt.make sb.pay money a
33、s a punishment 罚 的款egl.Drivers who exceed the speed limit can expect to be fined heavily.超速驾驶的司机会受到重罚。eg2.They fined him$100 for threatening behavior.因为威胁性的举止，他被他们罚了 100美金。34.expel vt.force sb.to leave a school or organization 开除；驱逐egl.The government has expelled some diplomats.政府已将些 夕 卜 交 官 马 区 逐 出
34、境。eg2.My brother was expelled from school for bad behavior.我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。35.justify vt.show that there is a good reason for sth.that other people think isunreasonable证明 有道理；为 辩护egl.How do you justify your rude behavior?你如何为你的粗鲁举止辩解呢？eg2.We can*t justify spending any more money on this project.我们没有
35、理由再在这个项目上花费更多的钱了。36.single-minded a.having one clear aim and working very hard to achieve it一心一意的；专一的egl.She is very single-minded about her career.她专一于 自 己的事业。eg2.Her single-minded commitment to the job meant that she had little time leftfor her family.她对工作一心一意的奉献意味着她很少有时间留给自己的家庭。37.desperate a.1.n
36、eeding or wanting sth.very much 极需要的；极I句 彳 主 的egl.The team is desperate for a w in.这个队极需要一场胜利。eg2.He was desperate to get a job.他非常想得到一份工作。2.very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad situation 绝望的；拼命的egl.I had no money left and was desperate.我没有钱了，感到很绝望。eg2.Time was running out and we
37、were getting desperate.时间不断流逝，我们开始不顾一切。38.desperately ad,1.very much 非常egl.She always seems to be desperately busy!她看上去总是非常忙。eg2.Im not desperately keen on watching football.我并不酷爱看足球。2.in a worried or angry way 绝望地；拼命地egl.The doctors tried desperately to save her life.医生拼命地要拯救她的生命。eg2.He looked roun
38、d desperately for someone to help him.他绝望地朝四周看了看，希望有人帮助他。39.alas ad.unfortunately不幸的是；遗憾的是egl.I love football but,alas,I have no talent as a player.我喜欢足球，可是，真遗憾，我没有足球队员的天赋。eg2.For many people,alas,hunger is part of everyday life.对许多人来说，很不幸，饥饿是日常生活的一部分。Phrases and Expressions1.at best even when consi
39、dered in the most positive way 充其量；至多egl.At best she would become disabled;at worst she would die.最乐观地看，她会变残废；最糟糕的话，她会死去。eg2.He was,at best,a second-class writer.他充其量是一个二流作家。2.end up to find yourself in a place or situation that you did not intend orexpect to be i n 结果是，最后egl.If you go on like this
40、you will end up in p riso n.如果你继续这样,早晚得进监狱。eg2.At first they hated each other,but they ended up getting married.他们起初相互仇恨，到后来却成了夫妻。3.run a/the risk be in a situation in which sth.bad could happen 冒险；有风险egl.He ran the risk of losing his job by criticizing his boss.他冒着丢饭碗的风险批评了他的老板。eg2.If you keep work
41、ing in such a temperature,you will run a risk of getting heatstroke.如果你在这样的温度下继续工作，就有中暑的危险。4.other than apart from,except 只是，除了egl.He didnt mention anyone elses contributions other than his own.他只提到了自己的贡献，而没有提其他任何人的。eg2.We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.我们错过了最后一班公
42、交车，所以除了走回家别无选择。5.at one Wits worst as bad or unpleasant as someone or something can be 最糟糕eg 1.The pain was at its worst in the late evenings.深夜时痛得最厉害。eg2.You saw the garden at its worst,Tm a fra id.我想你所看到的花园出于其最糟糕的时候。6.remain/be true to continue to be loyal to sb.or sth.忠于eg 1.He remains true to hi
43、s principle.他忠于自己的原则。eg2.We are true to our cultural traditions.我们忠于我们的文化传统。e on/upon find sth or meet someone unexpectedly 偶遇egl.1 came upon one of my college teachers on the street.我在彳射上碰到 了一位大学老师。eg2.We came upon the idea of asking people tp donate money over the Net.我们无意中想到了在网上请人们捐款的主意。8.throw o
44、ut make sb.leave a place,school,organization,etc.because theyhave done sth.against the rules 开除；解雇egl.Their trade union was instructed to find jobs for those thrown out of work.他们的工会接到指示要为那些失去工作的人找到工作。eg2.These two famous sportsmen were thrown out of the Olympics after failingdrug tests.这两位著名的运动员由于没
45、有通过药检被逐出奥运会。Section B The Power of a Good NameWords：1.barn n.C a farm building for storing crops,or for keeping animals in 谷仓；牲口棚egl.They live in a converted barn.他们住在谷仓改建的屋子里。eg2.When he came into the bam from the brilliant sunlight outside,he wasmomentarily blinded.当他从阳光明媚的外面走进谷仓，他有一小会儿什么都看不见。2.bu
46、ll n.C a male cow 公牛egl.Several times I saw a big bull,sometimes even two together.好几次我看到一头大公牛，有时甚至两头大公牛在一起。eg2.They did not see the sign by the gate saying Beware of the bull.他们没有看到大门旁“当心公牛”的标牌。3.mill n.C a building where grain is crushed into lour 磨坊egl.Many of these local mills remain in name alo
47、ne,having fallen into disuse.许多当地的磨坊只不过是名义上存在，已弃之不用了。eg2.Mills used to depend on wind power or water power.磨坊过去依赖风力或水力操作。4.spray v.force liquid out of a container through an opening into the air 喷；喷洒egl.Water sprayed across the room.水洒得满房间都是。eg2.The crops are regularly sprayed with pesticide.这些庄稼定期喷
48、洒杀虫剂。5.sunshine n.U the light and heat that come from the sun 阳光egl.The children were playing in the sunshine.孩子们在阳光下玩耍。eg2.I was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine.我坐在花园里享受着阳光。6.canal n.C an artificial river 运河egl.We walked along by the side of the canal.我们沿着运河行走。eg2.The Panama Canal provi
49、des a crucial shipping link between the Atlanticand Pacific Oceans.巴拿马运河为大西洋和太平洋间提供了一个重要的运输纽带。7.air conditioning n.a system used for keeping the air in a building or vehiclecool空调设备egl.My car has air conditioning.我的车装有空调。eg2.The air conditioning was not yet in place.空调设备还没装好。8.racism n.U the belief
50、that some races of people are better than others 种族主义egl.Racism is unacceptable under any circumstances.在任何情况下种族主义都是不能接受的。eg2.The government has promised to continue the fight against racism.政府已经承诺要继续与种族歧视斗争。9.enquire v.(also inquire)ask for information 打听；询问egl.Fil enquire about the train.我将打听有关火车的