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1、中考复习之阅读理解解题技巧【命题特点】选择答案型阅读题测试考生的阅读能力。阅读能力是通过文字获取信息的能力。衡量这种能力的标准是速度.准确度和深度。而文字信息分为字面信息和隐含信息。字面信息可以直接获取，而隐含信息则需要对字面信息进行分析、归纳、判断、推理等获取，所以阅读题在相当程度上考查的是思维能力，选择答案型阅读题的取材范围很广,体裁上有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，题材上有人物类、故事类、科普类、文化类等。长沙中考阅读分为图表理解和短语理解。图表理解主要注重考查学生的信息提取能力，短文理解注重考查学生对文章的整体理解和推断能力。问题类型：细节理解，猜词义，主旨大意和推理判断解题技巧一
2、细节理解题：题型分类1. wh-细节题2. 是非题3. 计算题4. 排序题5. 图表题常见的提问形式:1）According to the passage, who (what, why, where, when，how many/much, how long).?2）Which of the following isnt mentioned?3）Which of the following is True/Not True?解题方法：1.划（划出关键词）2.定（在文章中精准定位）3.比（比较选项）如何划出关键词：特殊词汇：1.专有名词（人名，地名，机构名等）2.大写字母，缩写等3.数字（年代
3、，时间等）4.带有特殊标点符号的词：如连字符5.与人相关的信息（身份，职业）6.学科等7.比较级和最高级 -er,-est,than8.序数词：the first核心词1.名词2.修饰词（adj./adv.）3.动词词组4.陌生词汇和难度词汇注意：关键词一般2-4个最佳，以防一个词无法定位干扰项常见错误：1. 无中生有 2.张冠李戴 3.以偏概全例1：长沙真题2020（B篇）The Name of This Book Is SecretReaders will love following Max-Emest and Cass as they solve the mystery（谜）of a
4、missing magician! Filled with word games, this is a book that wont stay secret for long. “ An amazing story full of puzzles（不解之谜）! It will certainly win your heart and will make you never want to stop turning the pages. ”Alex Smith, 13Buy now! $13. 90（hardcover）, $8. 20（e-book）The London Eye Mystery
5、Salim suddenly disappears. No one knows where he has gone. How on earth could he have disappeared? His cousins, Ted and Kate, have to follow clues（线索） around London and find him before it is too late. Can they make it?Its a great book! I had my nose in it all the time! This must be the coolest book
6、in the world! ”Sarah Andrew, 12Buy now! $12. 60（hardcover）, $7. 10 （e-book）45. How much money can you save if you buy an e-book of The London Eye Mystery instead of a hardcover of it?A. $5. 50 B. $5. 70 C. $7. 10例2：长沙真题2022（C篇）Tom Sawyer, however, thought “differently” when he was given a boring tas
7、k. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence（篱笆）. Toms friend Ben Rogers happened to walk past. Instead of complaining, Tom told Ben that he felt “excited” about the task. “Only one in a thousandmaybe even two thousand boys can do this!” Tom said.8. What did Aunt Polly ask Tom to
8、do in this text?A. Visit Ben.B. Clean the floor.C. Paint the fence.例3：长沙真题2020（A篇）Club name: Short Story Writing Club Club leader: Claire SmithMeeting time: Friday 4:00 p. m. -5:00 p. m. Club aim: To improve short story writing skillsClub activities：Read short stories in different styles（风格）Write sh
9、ort stories using different skills；Hold workshops to discuss the short stories that members read and write;Invite famous writers to give talks on short story writing. Materials needed: Paper and pen for each studentPlan for finding new members:Make posters（海报）and put them up around the school;Put a
10、notice in the school newspaper and on the school website;Put a video on the school websiteSigned: Claire Smith（ ）41. The chart（图表） above is most probably _ for a new club. A. a plan B. a letter C. an invitation例4：长沙真题2019（D篇）Severus Snape / John NettleshipSeverus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teachi
11、ng magic in Harry Potter. The writer, J.K. Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers.The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship, who taught Rowling chemistry. At first, Nettleship felt surprised. “I know I am a strict teacher,” he said. “But I dont think I am as bad as S
12、nape!” On second thoughts, however, he said that he was so ill-tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad. Also, he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab. That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans.31 Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT_.A. their jobsB. their l
13、ooksC. their hobbies词义猜测题题型分类：1. 词义匹配题：根据对文章内容的理解，将单词或短语与其中文释义进行配对2. 指代题：在理解文章内容的基础上，推断代词或专有名词所指代的具体内容3. 词义理解题：根据对文章的理解，判断某个关键词或短语的意义。常见提问形式：1.The word ” _ ” in the passage probably means_.2.The underlined word “it” refers to_.3.What does the underlined word ”_” mean in Chinese ?4.The underlined wor
14、d has the same meaning as_.5.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_.解题方法：1. 根据上下文猜测词义2. 通过同义词或近义词猜测词义1） 下定义：be,mean, refer to, be called/named, namely, that is, be considered 等词后面的内容是对前面的解释说明，相当于对前面的词下定义2） 定语从句：尤其要注意who/which后的非限制性定语从句3） 标点符号：破折号（-）,冒号（：），分号（;）后的内容，引号（“”）或括号（）中的内容
15、3. 通过构词法猜测词义1） 派生法：否定前缀或后缀，与原词构成反义词，如dis-,un-, im-, -less等后缀改变词性但不改变词义，如：-ness, -tion, -ment 等前缀：”re-”表“又，再”; “co-”表示“共同”，”tele-”表示“远的”2） 合成词（构成新词）：根据各个组成词的意义并结合原文准确猜测词义3） 转化法：一个单词由一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变，包括名词变动词，动词变名词，形容词变副词等4.通过举例猜测词义：比如such as, for example, like等词的前后，或者用破折号前后的内容来猜测划线单词的意思。例1：长沙真题2020（C
16、篇）Dickens wrote about situations and emotions that still interest people today. He used his pen to fight social inequality and gave voice to the poor. His works led to many important social changes. Readers always enjoy seeing poor people rise and succeed. （ ）49. What does the underlined word inequa
17、lity mean in Paragraph 4?A. 不平等 B. 不现实 C. 不稳定例2：长沙真题2021（D篇）However, these enjoyable photos and videos hide the damage（损害）that the online trade is doing to otters. In fact, wild otters are facing many threatsthey have long been hunted（猎杀）for their coats; in some places, fishermen have been killing o
18、tters in order to stop them from eating fish; and now, the online pet trade has become another big problem for otters.12. What does the underlined word “threats” mean in Paragraph 2?A. 机遇B. 威胁C. 选择例3：长沙真题2021（D篇）The solar panel, however, does not make much electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoqu
19、an is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible. which are as soft as clothing. 54. What does the underlined word flexible mean in Paragraph 5?A. 柔软的B. 光滑的C. 坚硬的主旨大意题：题型分类：主题型根据文章或段落内容归纳其中心思想标题型根据文章或段落内容归纳其标题目的型根据文章或段落内容推断作者的写作态度或意图常见提问形式：归纳大意类 1.W
20、hat is the passage mainly about? 2.The main idea of the passage is_. 3.What can we learn from the passage?选择标题类 4.Whats the best title for this passage?5.The best title for the passage might be_.写作目的类 6.The writers /authors purpose is_. 7.The purpose of the article is to_.解题方法：1. 根据文章主体句（一般是首尾段），确定中
21、心词来充当标题2. 注意文章反复出现或强调的信息3. 找出覆盖全文的核心词汇4. 新颖性，语言精炼，能够吸引读者选答案的原则：不选对的，只选最好的，好的大于不知道的，不知道的大于不对的。删除4种错误1. 概括范围太窄，只含某个细节2. 概括范围太宽，超出文章内容3. 看似正确，但是文中找不到出处4. 主观臆断，并非作者观点例1：长沙真题2021（D篇）Otters（水獭）are cute water animals. These days, keeping otters as pets is getting popular. In Japan, some “otter cafs（咖啡馆）” a
22、re open for business. People can pay to play with the otters there and to take photos with them. In Indonesia, people go swimming with their pet otters and take funny videos. These photos and videos posted online have interested more people to buy otters as pets. So, we should stop the otter pet tra
23、de and never share photos and videos about them online.15. What is the writers main purpose of writing the text?A. To tell people the otters living habits.B. To teach people how to keep a pet otter.C To call on people to stop the otter pet trade.例2：长沙真题2021（C篇）From an early age, we were taught that
24、if we wanted to be successful, we had to study hard and get good results at school. In fact, good students may just end up doing jobs they dont like, and some even lead an unhappy life. Why is it like that?26. Whats the writers main purpose of writing Paragraph (段落) One?A. To introduce a topic. B. T
25、o give examples. C. To provide a solution.例3：2019（D篇）It is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of Mark Twains. In fact, Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real-life person.Severus Snape / John NettleshipSeverus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching
26、magic in Harry Potter. The writer, J.K. Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers.Alice / Alice LiddellFamously, Lewis Carrolls Alice in Alices Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell.Dill / Truman CapoteIn To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee based Dill on her chi
27、ldhood friend, Truman Capote. Capote once said, “Lee was my best friend. Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird? Im a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!”35. The text is mainly about _.A. purposes of writing fictional storiesB. introductions to famous wr
28、iters childhood friendsC. characters of fictional stories from real-life persons推理判断题题型分类1. 观点态度类2. 隐含信息类3. 文章出处类常见的提问形式:1）We can infer from the text that_2）We can learn from the passage that_3）This passage may be taken from_4）According to the passage , what would happen next?5）The writer suggests(暗
29、示） that_6）what does the writer think of _ ?关键词：infer 推断 attitude态度解题方法：1.做这类题目时，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音。2.推理判断时一定要以原文内容为前提，从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。 3.善用排除法排除干扰选项。例1：长沙真题2020（D篇）The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been im
30、proving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid and gas fuels（液体和气体燃料）. （ ）55. We can infer（推断） from this text that _. A. there is no room for developing solar energy B. there is no end to the
31、research in the field of solar energy C. solar energy has completely taken the place of other kinds of energy例2：长沙真题2018（A篇）After wandering （闲逛）around in the city for a long time， Tom finally found himself standing in front of the palaceHe looked through its golden gate， hoping to take a look at a r
32、eal prince（王子）The two boys were in each others clothes when Edward suddenly noticed a bruise（淤伤） on Toms handHe soon realized that it was caused by the guard who had stopped Tom rudelyIn a moment， the young prince ran out of the roomHe decided to punish the guardHowever， the guard didnt realize that
33、 the prince was in Toms old worn clothesHe hit Edward heavily on the ear and threw him out of the palaceWe can infer（推断） from the passage that Ablood is thicker than water Btwo heads are better than one Cnever judge people by their looks例3：长沙真题2022（C篇）This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complai
34、ning is useless. The next time you are given a boring or tiring task, dont complain. Unlike what happens in the story of Tom Sawyer, it is unlikely that someone will come and do the work for you. However, without complaining, youll feel better and perhaps even do a better job!10. What does the write
35、r learn from Tom Sawyer?A. It is no use complaining.B. Refusing is the best choice.C. Waiting is the only way out.例4：明德2022九下期中“Its easy, ” he said, and laughed. “You saw all those people in the street? I paid them to help us. It wasnt a real fight. When people shout Fire!, a woman runs to the most
36、important thing in her house, her baby, her gold, or.a photo. Irene ran to find her photo which is in a cupboard in the living room. I saw it. But I did not take it. Lets go there and unmask(揭露) the truth tomorrow.” 4.What may happen the next day?AHolmes and Watson may go to Irenes house and take the photo.BHolmes may take away the hidden photo himself. CIrene may show the photo to her new husband.总结：细节题=圈关键词+找坑点猜词题=细读上下文+排除法选标题=主要人物+主要事件主旨题=细读头尾段+排除无关选项作者意图题=实事求是+作者的表达句学科网（北京）股份有限公司