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1、精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -中考英语阅读懂得及其解题技巧阅读懂得及其解题方法阅读懂得才能的培育是中学英语学习的一项重要任务,也是中考的一项重要内容。中考阅读懂得题主要考查同学的语篇阅读才能、分析和判定力。要求同学能较 快的通过阅读懂得短文大意,猎取其中的主要信息 ,能做出正确判定 ,然后依据试题的要求从 A, B, C, D 四个选项中选出正确答案或回答出所提问题等等。要求阅读速度为每分钟 40-50 个词。阅读懂得的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原就:1. 阅读文章不少于三篇 ,阅读量在 1,000 单词左右 ;2. 题材广泛 ,包括
2、科普 ,社会,文化,政治,经济等 ;3. 体裁多样 ,包阔记叙文 ,说明文 ,应用文等 ;一、中考阅读懂得考查的主要内容1. 考查把握所读材料的主旨和大意的才能。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落或短文的主题 ,主题思想 ,标题或目的 ,其主要提问方式是 :1 Which is the best title of the passage. 2 Which of the following is this passage about.3 In this passage the writer tries to tell us that .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料
3、名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -4 The passage tells us that . 5 This passage mainly talksabout .2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的才能。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的,其主要提问方式是:1 Which of the following is right.2 Which of the following is no
4、t mentioned. 3 Which of the following is Not True in the passage.4 Choose the right order of this passage. 5 From this passage we know .3. 考查依据上下文推测生词的含义的才能。此类推测词义的题目要求考生依据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的精确含义。其主要提问方式是 :1 The wo rd“ ” in the passage probably means .2 The underlined word“ It ” in the passage refers to
5、 .3 In this story the underlined word“ ” means . 4 Here“ it” means .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的规律关系的懂得,对文章各段 ,各句之间的规律关系的懂得才能。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间,短语短之间的规律关系 ,其主要提问方式是 : 1 Ma
6、ny visitors come to the writer s city to .2 Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because .5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判定的才能。此类题目文章中没有明确的答案 ,需要考生再懂得全文的基础上进行推理和判定。其主要提问方式是: 1 We can guess the writer of the letter may be a .2 We can infer from the text that . 3 From the story we can guess .6
7、. 考查推断作者意图和态度的才能。其主要提问方式是:1 The writer writes this text to . 2 The writer believes that .3 The writer suggests that .二、阅读懂得题的方法和技巧1.如何猎取段落的主旨和大意.最有效的方法是找出主题句。一篇文章或一段文章通常都是环绕一个中心愿思绽开的。而这个中心愿思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心愿可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可
8、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -思的句子叫做主题句。因此,懂得一个段落或一篇文章的中心愿思第一要学会查找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中,大部分主题句的情形有三种:1 主题句在段首或篇首。主题句在段首或篇首的情形相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文,谈论文大都采纳先总述 ,后分述的叙事方法。例如:All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone.Most animals must live in
9、a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a foodchain食物链。Some food chains become broken up if one of the
10、links disappears59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage.A. AnimalsB. PlantsC. Food ChainsD. Living Things 2 主题句在段末或篇末。用归纳法写文章时 ,往往表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子在后 ,并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结,归纳或结论。例如可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - -
11、- - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer.They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothescost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better
12、 made, or they alwaysfit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes looks better than more expensive clothes.3 无主题句有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应当怎样来确定文章的主题或中心愿思了 .其实这也不难。我们可以第一找出每一段的中心愿思,各段的中心愿思往往都是环绕一个中心来绽开的,或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个 问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心愿思。例如Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist
13、in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey蜂蜜. So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The beesbred繁衍 and made a new kind of bees. But the enw bees were a mistake. They didn t want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six Africanbees escaped and bre
14、d with the Brazilian bees outside.Scientists could not control 控 制 the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means on
15、e million new groups every five years.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Why are people afraid of killer bees. People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting叮 many more times than
16、 usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hundred bee stings cankill a person.Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can d
17、o nothing but wait.在这篇短文的后面就出了一道这样的阅读懂得题:59. The best title of the passage is .A. How to make more honeyB. Killer beesC. A foolish scientistD. How to feed killer bees 2.如何依据上下文推测词义.推测词义也是一种英语阅读才能。英语阅读懂得试题中有不少这样的题目。任何一个实词 ,只有在肯定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。所谓上下文context,正如英语辞典所说明的 ,其作用就是帮忙确定上下文中的词、短语或句子的意义。据此,我们可
18、以尽可能的利用上下文来推测词义,即从已知推求未知 ,也就是用我们所熟识的词或短语来推测我们不熟识的词的词义。推测词义时,我们可以从三个方面来考虑 :1 依据上下文已知部分进行规律上的推理。2 运用语法学问进行语法分析。3 依 靠 常 识 和 经 验 做 出 判 断 。1 依据上下文已知部分进行规律上的推理推测义: 例:可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - -
19、 - - -As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children.They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go.
20、 They know all the streets and roads well.文章后面有这样一道题 :53. In the text,“ put an end to” means“ ”.A. stopB. cutC. killD. fly 3.如何确定细节和事实 .在阅读懂得题目中 ,有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对简洁一些。这些题目有两个共同特点:1 凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的如干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。2 干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂 ,正确答案细节
21、和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。因此,要做好阅读懂得中的确定细节和事实的题目,一要在文章中找出相应的信息点,二要排除干扰项。4.如何进行推断 .所谓推断 ,就是依据阅读材料中所供应的信息,推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分 ,从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子,也可能是如干句子 ,甚至是全文。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - -
22、 - - - - -中考英语试题中的推断题许多,包括的面也很大。其类型主要有以下几种 :1 事实推断 :这种推断经常针对某一个或几个详细细节,是比较简洁的推断。进行这种推断 ,要第一在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字,然后加以分析 ,特别要悟出字里行间的意思。例如Secondly, a news story has to be interesting adnunusual. People don t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger an
23、d seem to be“ bad” news.2 规律推断这类题目往往是要求依据文章所供应的背景,人物的表情 ,动作和语言来推断出人物的态度或感觉。3 对作者的意图和态度的推断这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断,如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对,仍是徘徊不定 ,对记述或描写的人、物或大事是赞颂、怜悯、冷漠 ,仍是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情颜色不肯定直接表述出来, 而往往隐含在字里行间。因此,进行这种推断时 ,我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为 推力的前提 ,又要留意作者的措辞 ,特别是形容词一类的修饰语。Let s have a tryThe undersea wo
24、rld is very beautiful. Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there. Scuba diving is a new sport today. It can take you into a wonderful undersea world.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word
25、精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -You will find many strange animals in the sea. Some are as large as a school bus.Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth.During the day, there is enough light. Here, under the sea, everything is blue and green. When fish swim nearby, you ca
26、n catch them with your hands. When you have bottles of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. However, you can t dive too deep. And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water.The deep sea is not an easy place to live in. It s cold, and it s dark, too. The is, the les
27、s sunlight there is. At about 3,000 feet, there is no light at all. It is dark in thesea. Many fishes have no eyes. Some have big eyes.A few have eyes on one side.Besides除了 the cold and darkness, deep-sea animals face a third danger - other animals.Animals eat. They must find food to eat. Many anima
28、ls eat plants. However, some Animals eat meat.This means these sea animals have animals have two big jobs. They need to find animals as food, and they have to try not to become other animals meal.1. Why do people want to dive in the sea. Because .A. they want to catch fishB. they want to find the se
29、crets of the undersea worldC. the sea is deepD. there are all kinds of plants in the sea2. In the daytime, when you dive in the sea, you .A. can see everything green and blue可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - -
30、 - - - - - - - - - -B. can t be in dangerC. can catch nothingD. can t see anything clearly3. How many dangers will animals meet in the deep sea.A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. When you do scuba diving, you can .A. stay in deep water for a long timeB. dive very, very deepC. live in deep water easil
31、yD. dive freely without any dangers 5.Which of the following is WRONG.A. One animals finds something to eat, and it may be eaten by others.B. At the depth of 3,000 feet under the sea, many animals can find their way by hearing and feeling.C. The deeper the sea is, the darker and colder it is.D. At t
32、he depth of 3,000 feet under the sea, all animals can find their way by seeing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -寄语阅读懂得题取材广泛 ,但仍旧有规律可循。平常要多阅读并善于总结 ,积存解题技巧。考试时要研读好文本 ,不放过文本中细节。做完题后要认真检查 ,每篇材料应有完整情节。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载