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1、中考英语阅读理解分类解读兼选编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题山 东 张 贵 福文章来源：2008年下半年度 试题与研究一、人物故事类【命题趋势】人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。【应试对策】人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？首先，
2、从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。【典型考题】(1)When we asked students what they want to be,they often talk about unusual jobs,thingslike teachers and doctors.But if you think about it,many people dont plan to do their jobs.Theyjust start doing them
3、 by accident.We have talked to two people with unusual jobs.Emily is a dentist but she doesnt work with people.She works with horses.After universityshe took care of animals health for several years,but she notices that there were few people whocould help horses teeth.She deicide to go to college an
4、d study again.Then she had to buyspecial tools,but she is never out of work.Shed always very busy taking care of horses teeth.Icouldnt be a dentist for people now,”Emily said,“because I really enjoy working with horses.As soon as David could read,he read books about robots,but the robots he build to
5、day dontlook like the strange robot people in his books.He build robots for industry.Early one he madeup his mind to study math,science and computers so that he could break into the world of robotengineering.Some of the math is very difficult.say David,44but you must study math to be anengineer.Fort
6、unately he got top marks in all his math exams.1.Emily doesnt want to be a dentist be c a us e.A.the pay is low B.she has to buy special toolsC.she will be out of work D.she likes working with horses2.To become a robot engineer,Davi d.A.need to worry B.bought a lot of robotsC.had to study hard D.did
7、nt have to go to college3.David got top marks in all his math exams,a l t h o u g h.A.math was not easy to studyB.he has to study math to be an engineerC.he could break into the world of robot engineeringD.he made up his mind to study math,science and computers（2008年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷）（2）One day when Ja
8、ck was walking in the park,he saw a woman,who lived a few miles away,sitting on a bench with a dog beside her.The dog was looking up at the woman.Jack walked up to the woman and said,“Hello,Sue,how are you?May 1 sit and talk with youfor a while?”Of course,please sit down,Sue said.Jack sat down next
9、to Sue on the bench,andthey talked quietly together.The dog continued to look up at Sue,as if waiting to be fed.Thats a nice dog,isnt he?Jack said,pointing at the animal.Yes,he is.Hes handsome.Hes a bit of a mixture,but thats not a bad thing.He*s strong andhealthy.nAnd hungry,Jack said.He hasnt take
10、n his eyes off you.He thinks youve got some foodfor him.1Thats true,nSue said.But I havent.They both laughed and then Jack said,Does your dog bite?1No,Sue said,Hes never bitten anyone.Hes always gentle and friendly.Hearing this,Jack decided to hold out his hand and touched the animals head.Suddenly
11、itjumped up and bit him.Hey!Jack shouted.*You said your dog didnt bite.Sue replied in surprise,Yeah,I did.But this is not my dog.My dogs at home.4.The dog looked at the woman be c a us e.A.the woman wanted to feed himB.the woman was friendlyC.he was strong and healthyD.he was hungry5.Jack and Sue we
12、re.A.friends B.next-door neighborsC.strangers D.in the same family6.Jack touched the dog because he b e l i e v e d.A.the dog was handsomeB.Sues dog was unfriendlyC.the dog belonged to SueD.Sues dog was at home7.We can infer form the passage that.A.Sue gave a wrong answerB.Jack made a mistakeC.the d
13、og wasnt dangerousD.both Jack and Sue liked the dog8.Which of the Following can be the best title of the passage?A.A Wrong Question B.Sues DogC.A pleasant Meeting D.Sues Friend（2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试）参考答案：15DCADA 68CBA二、社会文化类【命题趋势】语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出
14、现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。2.般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。【应试对策】对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。在复习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应具备2000-3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.
15、扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。【典型考题】(1)第一节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。(10分)Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera.It came into being after 1790 when
16、 the famousfour Anhui opera troupes(戏班)came to Beijing.Its music and singing(唱腔)come from Xipi andErhuang in Anhui and Hubei.Its costumes are all fascinating and artistic.It is the highestexpression of the Chinese culture.Its full of famous stories,beautiful facial paintings,andwonderful gestures an
17、d fighting.This kind of opera is very popular with Chinese people.There are four main roles in Beijing Opera:Sheng,Dan,Jing and Chou.Sheng is the leadingmale(男 性)actor.For example,a Wusheng is a soldier or fighter.A Xiaosheng is a young man.ALaosheng is an old man.Dan is the female(女性)role.Jing,most
18、ly male,is the face-painted roleand Chou is the comedy actor or clown.Stories in Beijing Opera are very interesting.Some of them are from the history book,butmost of them are from the literature,especially famous novels.The people in the story usuallyhave some disagreements.They become angry and unh
19、appy.They are sad and lonely.Sometimesthey are nervous and worried.Then they find a way to make peace.The stories usually end withhappiness and laughter and people are all happy in the end.()56.Beijing Operas singing is from.A.Anhui and Hubei B.Beijing and AnhuiC.the history book D.the literature an
20、d novels()57.The second paragraph(段落)of the reading is about the of Beijing Opera.A.stories B.roles C.gestures D.paintings()58.From the reading,we know the role Chou most probably has a(n)f e a t u r e.A.honest B.funny C.dull D.serious()59.Which of the following is the role Sheng?（）60.Which of the f
21、ollowing statements is TRUE?A.Peking Opera is full of different gestures.B.There are only four roles in Beijing Opera.C.Beijing Opera is the most popular in the world.D.The people in the story usually are in agreement.第二节：阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各题。（10分）October 16 is World Food Day.This day is also the
22、 anniversary移己念日）of the UnitedNations Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）（联合国粮农组织）.More than 100 countries areholding special events.All of these aim to celebrate the establishment of the FAO in 1945.Thetheme chosen for this years World Food Day is“Water:Source（资源）of Food Security”.A UN report sa
23、ys that over 6 million people have died from hunger and related diseases sofar this year alone.More than 850 million people,or about one in seven,around the world do notget enough food,and the need for food will increase as the worlds population grows.The UN alsoreports that by year 2030,the world m
24、ay need 60%more food.Most of that increase will have tocome from agriculture supported by water irrigation（灌溉）.However,fresh water is already inshort supply in many countries.Jacques Diouf,the director of the FAO,says that there are 20 countries that do not haveenough water to produce enough food fo
25、r their populations.Ten nations use more than 40%oftheir total fresh water for agriculture.He fears that the problem will only become worse as theneed for water by people and by industry grows.So water is one of the most important things inthe world today.（）61.The underlined（画线的）word“establishment”h
26、as the same meaning as.A.picking up B.making up C.cutting up D.setting up（）62.In the world,more than people have died because of hunger this year.A.6 million B.2 million C.850 million D.100 million（）63.What Mr.Diouf says shows that he most worries about.A.the future of the FAO B.the short of waterC.
27、the overgrowth of population D.the development of the environment（）64.The reading above implies（暗示）that.A.fresh water for us is quite enough B.the worlds population is getting smallerC.we will need more water to irrigate D.industry is the most important thing today（）65.The passage is mainly about.A.
28、how to celebrate World Food Day B.the increase of food in many countriesC.the importance of water for food D.the UN Food and Agriculture Organization（湖北省十堰市2008年初中毕业生学业考试）（2）Bargaining is the rule here in Beijing.At least,it is so in most markets and back-street clothesshops.Bargaining is an art and
29、 if you are unfamiliaKd1熟悉）with it,wed like to offer you someadvice.The tips（窍门）here are often used in Beijing but may help you at any place in the worldwhere bargaining is practiced.DO NOT say how much you want to pay for an item（物品）unless its near the end of thebargaining.Always try and drop the s
30、ellers offering price as much as possible before openingyour mouth with a price.DO throw out really low prices like 10 RMB with a big smile.DO keep smiling from the beginning to the end.The seller usually continues bargaining witha happy smiling face.Getting angry hardly gets you the price you want.
31、KEEP in mind the price offered by the seller at the beginning is usually at least 40%over thegenerally reasonable price.It can be up to 500%over.DO have an idea of what the item costs.You can ask your friends,people in the hotel orothers you know,or look at the list below.This is very general and is
32、 based（根据）on a market likeXiu Shui.You may not be able to get the lowest prices at Xiu Shui,especially on a weekend whenthere are lots of tourists around.56.Who is this passage written for?A.Owners of back-street shops.B.Businessmen in Beijing.C.Those who are good at bargaining.D.Those who travel in
33、 Beijing.57.What is the topic the writer is mainly talking about in this passage?A.Beijing markets.B.Bargaining tips.C.Lowest price s.D.Sellers offer.58.What is the most important thing to do in bargaining with the seller?A.Keep smiling.B.Be patient.C.Dont get angry.D.Dont say anything.59.What is NO
34、T included in the tips often used to bargain in Beijing?A.Find out the true price and go to the markets with friends.B.Dont offer your price until the end of the bargaining with a smile.C.Drop the seller offering price four or five times（倍）until he agrees.D.Dont go to markets at the time when there
35、are too many tourists.60.Which of the following can help you get an item you want at the lowest price?A.Whenever you go shopping,take a price list with you.B.You can bargain for anything at the price of 10 RMB.C.The price range（范 围）for you to bargain is usually between 40%and 500%.D.Xiu Shui Market
36、is the biggest shopping center where prices are always reasonable.（2008年湖北省宜昌市初中毕业生学业考试）（3）C.Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）:（6 分）The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.There are sometraditions that you can find almost anywhere,anytime,such as sendingbirthday cards,blowing
37、 out the candles on a birthday cake and singing theHappy Birthday song,Others are only found for certain ages and in certaincountries.In China,on a childs second birthday,family members put many things on the floor aroundthe child.According to Chinese tradition,the first thing that the child picks u
38、p tells you whatprofession the child will choose later in life.For Japanese children,the third,fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important.At thisage,there is a special celebration Shichi-Go-San（seven,five,three in Japanese）when children goto the temple wearing a new kimono（和 月 艮）.The pries
39、t（僧侣）gives them special sweets,and theparents usually organize a party for their friends in their home.In Argentina,Mexico and several other Latin American countries,girls have a specialbirthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen.After a special ceremony（5（）,the girlsdance a waltz with t
40、heir father and other boys.Eighteen is the traditional coming of age the age when（in many countries）you have theright to vote（选举），join the army and（in Britain）drink alcohol or buy a house.In many English-speaking countries,a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top,orthe cake itself is some
41、times in the shape of a key.The key means that the young person is now oldenough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to!84.Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere,anytime?A)Putting many things on the floor.B)Wearing a new kimono.C)Dancing a waltz.
42、D)Sending birthday cards.85.The usually organize a party at childrens special birthday celebration in Japan.A)priests B)parents C)friends D)relatives86.Mexican girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of.A)five B)seven C)fifteen D)twenty-one87.In many countries you can when you reach the
43、 age of eighteen.A)join the army B)have a keyC)have a special ceremony D)have special sweets88.Which of the following sentences is NOT true?A)The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.B)Some birthday traditions are only found in certain countries.C)You become the owner of your house
44、at the age of fifteen.D)In many countries you have the right to vote at the age of eighteen.89.Which is the best title of this passage?A)Birthday Traditions around the WorldB)Chinese Birthday CelebrationsC)Japanese Special CelebrationD)The Drinking Age in Many Countries(2008年上海市初中毕业生统一学业考试)(4)You ma
45、y have known several kinds of police,traffic police,and street police.But have youever heard of energy-saving(节能)policemen?A group of 22 of these new policemen went to work last week in Beijing.They go around thecity to see the use of energy in hotels,office buildings,shopping centers and onther pub
46、lic places.One of their aims is to make sure that these sites have set their air conditioning(空调)no coolerthan 26.They also set up a special phone line so that people can tell them which buildings fail tofollow the rule.“If everyone sets their air conditioning at 26,Beijing will save 400 million kil
47、owatt-hoursof electricity in one summer.Thats one-third of all the usage of the city in the season/5 said a TVadvertisement.Other Chinese cities,like Wuhan in Hubei Province and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province,aregoing to follow Beijings steps in setting up a similar police team.As one of the fastest d
48、eveloping countries,China is using a lot of energy.This has a greateffect on the countrys environment and limited energy.From 1986 to 2005,the country experienced 20 warm winters continuously.Numbers showthat Chinese cities have to spend billion of yuan solving(解决)environmental problems everyyear.At
49、 the beginning of this month,China made its first action plan to fight pollution.It aims toreduce energy usage by 20%and increase renewable energy up to 10%from 7%by 2010.To introduce the public to a green life,last week Beijing held a show on energy-savingtechnology and productions.Environment-frie
50、ndly machines,such as a vending machine thathelps colllect used bottles,have attracted lots of attention.“We want to tell people that there are certain ways to protect the environment.Each of us canfind effective ways to do it in our daily lives,said Liu Qianguang,an environmental engineer inBeijing