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1、中考英语阅读理解分类解读 中考英语阅读理解分类解读 兼 选 编2008年各地中考英语阅读理解试题山东 张贵福文章来源:2008年下半年度 试题与研究一、人物故事类【命题趋势】人物故事以记述人物生平故事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。【应试对策】人物故事类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，
2、怎样准确理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。【典型考题】(1)W h e n w e a s k e d s t u d e n t s w h a t t h e y w a n t t o b e,t h e y o f t e nt a l k a b o u t u n u s u a l j o b s,t h i n g s l i k e t e a c h e r s a n d d o c t o r s.B u t
3、 i fy o u t h i n k a b o u t i t,m a n y p e o p l e d o n t p l a n t o d o t h e i r j o b s.T h e y j u s t s t a r t d o i n g t h e m b y a c c i d e n t.W e h a v e t a l k e d t o t w op e o p l e w i t h u n u s u a l j o b s.E m i l y i s a d e n t i s t b u t s h e d o e s n,t w o r k w i
4、 t h p e o p l e.S h ew o r k s w i t h h o r s e s.A f t e r u n i v e r s i t y s h e t o o k c a r e o f a n i m a l sh e a l t h f o r s e v e r a l y e a r s,b u t s h e n o t i c e s t h a t t h e r e w e r e f e wp e o p l e w h o c o u l d h e l p h o r s e s t e e t h.S h e d e i c i d e t
5、o g o t oc o l l e g e a n d s t u d y a g a i n.T h e n s h e h a d t o b u y s p e c i a l t o o l s,b u ts h e i s n e v e r o u t o f w o r k.S h e d a l w a y s v e r y b u s y t a k i n g c a r e o fh o r s e s t e e t h.I c o u l d n t b e a d e n t i s t f o r p e o p l e n o w,“E m i l ys a
6、 i d,“b e c a u s e I r e a l l y e n j o y w o r k i n g w i t h h o r s e s.”A s s o o n a s D a v i d c o u l d r e a d,h e r e a d b o o k s a b o u t r o b o t s,b u tt h e r o b o t s h e b u i l d t o d a y d o n t l o o k l i k e t h e s t r a n g e r o b o tp e o p l e i n h i s b o o k s.H
7、 e b u i l d r o b o t s f o r i n d u s t r y.E a r l y o n e h em a d e u p h i s m i n d t o s t u d y m a t h,s c i e n c e a n d c o m p u t e r s s o t h a th e c o u l d b r e a k i n t o t h e w o r l d o f r o b o t e n g i n e e r i n g.S o m e o ft h e m a t h i s v e r y d i f f i c u l
8、t.s a y D a v i d,“b u t y o u m u s t s t u d y m a t ht o b e a n e n g i n e e r/*F o r t u n a t e l y h e g o t t o p m a r k s i n a l l h i s m a t he x a m s.1.E m i l y d o e s n t w a n t t o b e a d e n t i s t b e c a u s e.A.t h e p a y i s l o w B.s h e h a s t o b u y s p e c i a lt o
9、 o l sC.s h e w i l l b e o u t o f w o r k D.s h e l i k e s w o r k i n g w i t hh o r s e s2.T o b e c o m e a r o b o t e n g i n e e r,D a v i d.A.n e e d t o w o r r y B.b o u g h t a l o t o f r o b o t sC.h a d t o s t u d y h a r d D.d i d n，t h a v e t o g o t o c o l l e g e3.D a v i d g
10、o t t o p m a r k s i n a l l h i s m a t h e x a m s,a l t h o u g hA.m a t h w a s n o t e a s y t o s t u d yB.h e h a s t o s t u d y m a t h t o b e a n e n g i n e e rC.h e c o u l d b r e a k i n t o t h e w o r l d o f r o b o t e n g i n e e r i n gD.h e m a d e u p h i s m i n d t o s t u
11、d y m a t h,s c i e n c e a n dc o m p u t e r s（2 0 0 8年天津市初中毕业生学业考试试卷）One day when Jack was walking in the park,he saw awoman,who lived a few miles away,sitting on a bench with a dogbeside her.The dog was looking up at the woman.Jack walked up to the woman and said,“Hello,Sue,how areyou?May I sit
12、and talk with you for a while?”Of course,pleasesit down,“Sue said.Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench,and they talked quietly together.The dog continued to look up atSue,as if waiting to be fed.“Thats a nice dog,isnt he?Jack said,pointing at theanimal.“Yes,he is.Hes handsome.Hes a bit of a mixtur
13、e,but thatsnot a bad thing.Hes strong and healthy.”“And hungry,“Jack said.He hasnt taken his eyes off you.He thinks youve got some food for him.”Thats true,“Sue said.But I havent.They both laughed and then Jack said,“Does your dog bite?”“No,Sue said,Hes never bitten anyone.Hes alwaysgentle and frien
14、dly.”Hearing this,Jack decided to hold out his hand and touchedthe animals head.Suddenly it jumped up and bit him.Hey!Jack shouted.You said your dog didnt bite.”Sue replied in surprise,Z/Yeah,I did.But this is not my dog.My dogs at home.”4.The dog looked at the woman b e c a u s e.A.the woman wanted
15、 to feed himB.the woman was friendlyC.he was strong and healthyD.he was hungry5.Jack and Sue wer e.A.friends B.next-door neighborsC.strangers D.in the same family6.Jack touched the dog because he b e l i e v e d,A.the dog was handsomeB.Sues dog was unfriendlyC.the dog belonged to SueD.Sues dog was a
16、t home7.We can infer form the passage t hat.A.Sue gave a wrong answerB.Jack made a mistakeC.the dog wasnt dangerousD.both Jack and Sue liked the dog8.Which of the Following can be the best title of thepassage?A.A Wrong Question B.Sues DogC.A pleasant Meeting D.Sues Friend（2008年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试）参考答案:广5 D
17、CA DA 68 CBA二、社会文化类【命题趋势】语言是社会文化的重要载体。学习英语的目的之一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章的命题有以下趋势：1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点。如礼仪、语言、生活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。2.一般一篇文章一个主题。以议论文、记叙文居多。3.命题方面，既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。【应试对策】对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复习时要注意：1 .重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。在复
18、习过程加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通中学毕业生来说，应 具 备 2000-3500的词汇量，并掌握其词类、意思和基本用法。掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系。熟悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。从近五年的高考题看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁。了解设问形式，感悟设问特点。3.广泛涉猎，丰富消遣阅读。【典型考题】外石券j阅读短文
19、，根据其内容，选择最佳选项完成下列各Bejiing.Opera is also called Peking Opera.It came intabeing179u when the famous four AnnuiiDra troupes(xM)eijing.Its music gnd singing(唱腔)come from Xipi andi Anhui and Hubei.Its qostumes are all fascinating apdis the highest expression of the Chinese culture.It s9us stories,beautif
20、ul fapial paintings,and wonderfulgestures and fighting.This kind of opera is very popular withChinese people,and为瑞合枭而sheng is a soldier or)sheng is an old man._ _ _.die,is the face-painted role anor or clown.Stories in Beijing Opera are very interesting.Some of themare from the history book,but most
21、 of them are from theliterature,especially famous novel5.The people in the storyusually heive some disagreements.They become angry andunhappy.Thoy are sad and lonely.Sometimes they are neryousand worried.Then thqy find a way to make peace.Tne storiesusually end with happiness and laughter and people
22、 are aH happy下the黑d.A/ArSlui ancTAubeiC.the history book题aftercame toErnuang in.artistjc.It isfull of famousmostly maactfour main roles in Beijina QDIS the leading 甲期(男他fighter.A Xiaosher,Dan is the female-painted role and(era:Sheng,Dan,Jing(actor.For example,a如:young man.Arole.Jing,Chou is the come
23、dyijing Operaf s singing is from，6 B.Beijing and Anhui:D.the literature andThe sepond oaragraph(M)of Beijing Opera.-A.stories B.rolesitingsthe.painof the reading is aboutC.gestures D.()58.From the reading,we know the role Chou mostprobably has a m)_feature.A.honest B.tunny C.dull D.(S ey159SWhich of
24、 the following is the role Sheng?A.B.C.D.(60.Which of th following sta.Peking Opera is full of oiffen.There are only four roles in I.Beijing Opera i$the most pcitatements is TRUE?gnety ignegs Otupreesra,.)pular in the world.题。祈苴吃October 16 i如 niversaryGOrganizationare holding r6诩瓢网瞿籍更 嬴 算 阴 凿 哪 辘 转
25、播 里 聊 列 各Food Day.This day is also ththe,United Nations Food and.W国农图冢%re此an：较special events.All of rhese aim to celebratesntjDf the FAO in.1945.The themo4hosen fqvear s vyprid Food Day is Water:Source(资源)of FoodSecurity.A UN report sayshunger and related diAgriculturecountriesite theor this;that ov
26、er 6 millipn people have died from_ hseases so fpr this year alone.Moreion people,or about one in seven,around the world doenough food,and the need for food will increase as thepopulation grows.The UN also reports that by year 2030Id may need 60%more food.Most of that increase wilLcome from agricult
27、ure supported by water irrigation(灌Never,fresh water is already in short supply in manynot get enough food,anworld s population growthe world mayhave to come溉).However,countries.an“Jacquqs Diouf,the director of the FAO,says that there are20 cqyntrie that qo not have enough water to produce enoughfoo
28、d for their populations.Ten nations use more than 40%oftheir total fresh water for agriculture,He fears that the problemyvill only become worse as tne need for water by people and byindustry grows.So water is one of the most important things inI.Theiinderljned(iij 的)word“establishment has thehe w相sa
29、me meaning as.A.picking up b.making up C.cuttingup D.setting up()62.In the world,more than_ people have diedbecau置 确 附 需 th is i l l i o n -C,850 million I(叫 板 嘶 ionD.、,一 hat Mr.Diouf says shows that he most worriesabout.A.the future of the FAO B.tjne short of waterC(the overgrowth of population D.t
30、he.deyelppment of the environment.()64.The reading above i A.fresh water for us ispopulation is getting smallerC.we will need more water to irrigate D.industry is themqstjnriportant thing,today()65.The passage is mainly about.A.how to celebrate World Food DayB.the increase offood in many countries声
31、糊C.驷the酣 im曦p解ort究anc豚e 颦of 初wa中ter毕 fo业r f生oo学d 业D考.th试e)UN Foodimplies(暗示)thatquite enough B.the world*sB a r g a i n i n g i s t h e r u l e h e r e i n B e i j i n g.At l e a s t,i t i s s o i nm o s t m a r ke t s a n d ba ck-s t r e e t cl o t h e s s h o p s.B a r g a i n i n g i s a na r t a
32、 n d i f y o u a r e u n f a m i l i a r（不熟悉）w i t h i t,w e d l i ke t o o f f e r y o us o m e a d v i ce.Th e t i p s（窍门）h e r e a r e o f t e n u s e d i n B e j j i n g bu tm a y h e l p y o u a t a n y p l a ce i n t h e w o r l d w h e r e ba r g a i n i n g i sp r a ct i ce d.D O N O T s a y
33、 h o w m u c h y o u w a n t t o p a y f o r a n i t e m（物品）u n l e s s i t s n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e ba r g a i n i n g.Al w a y s t r y a n d d r o pt h e s e l l e r s o f f e r i n g p r i ce a s m u ch a s p o s s i bl e be f o r e o p e n i n gy o u r m o u t h w i t h a p r i ce.D O t h
34、 r o w o u t r e a l l y l o w p r i ce s l i ke 10 R M B w i t h a bi g s m i l e.D O ke e p s m i l i n g f r o m t h e be g i n n i n g t o t h e e n d.Th e s e l l e ru s u a l l y co n t i n u e s ba r g a i n i n g w i t h a h a p p y s m i l i n g f a ce.G e t t i n ga n g r y h a r d l y g e
35、 t s y o u t h e p r i ce y o u w a n t.K E E P i n m i n d t h e p r i ce o f f e r e d by t h e s e l l e r a t t h ebe g i n n i n g i s u s u a l l y a t l e a s t 40%o v e r t h e g e n e r a l l y r e a s o n a bl ep r i ce.It ca n be u p t o 500%o v e r.D O h a v e a n i d e a o f w h a t t h
36、 e i t e m co s t s.Yo u ca n a s k y o u rf r i e n d s,p e o p l e i n t h e h o t e l o r o t h e r s y o u kn o w,o r l o o k a t t h e l i s tbe l o w.Th i s i s v e r y g e n e r a l a n d i s ba s e d（根据）o n a m a r ke t l i keXi u Sh u i.Yo u m a y n o t be a bl e t o g e t t h e l o w e s t
37、 p r i ce s a t Xi uShui,especially on a weekend when there are lots of touristsaround.56.Who is this passage written for?A.Owners of back-street shops.B.Businessmen in Beijing.C.Those who are good at bargaining.D.Thosewho travel in Beijing.57.What is the topic the writer is mainly talking about int
38、his passage?A.Beijing markets.B.Bargainingtips.C.Lowest price s.D.Sellerf s offer.58.What is the most important thing to do in bargaining withthe seller?A.Keep smiling.B.Be patient.C.Dont get angry.D.Don，t sayanything.59.What is NOT included in the tips often used to bargain inBeijing?A.Find out the
39、 true price and go to the markets withfriends.B.Dont offer your price until the end of the bargainingw i t h a s m i l e.C.Dr o p t h e s e l l e r*s o f f e r i n g p r i ce f o u r o r f i v e t i m e s （f n）u n t i l h e a g r e e s.D.D o n，t g o t o m a r ke t s a t t h e t i m e w h e n t h e r
40、 e a r e t o om a n y t o u r i s t s.60.W h i ch o f t h e f o l l o w i n g ca n h e l p y o u g e t a n i t e m y o uw a n t a t t h e l o w e s t p r i ce?A.W h e n e v e r y o u g o s h o p p i n g,t a ke a p r i ce l i s t w i t h y o u.B.Yo u ca n ba r g a i n f o r a n y t h i n g a t t h e
41、p r i ce o f 10 RMB.C.Th e p r i ce r a n g e（范围）f o r y o u t o ba r g a i n i s u s u a l l ybe t w e e n 40%a n d 500%.D.Xi u Sh u i Ma r ke t i s t h e bi g g e s t s h o p p i n g ce n t e r w h e r ep r i ce s a r e a l w a y s r e a s o n a bl e.（2 0 0 8年湖北省宜昌市初中毕业生学业考试）（3）C.C h o o s e t h e
42、 be s t a n s w e r（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）：（6分）Th e t r a d i t i o n o f bi r t h d a y p a r t i e s s t a r t e d a l o n g ；t i m e a g o.Th e r e a r e s o m e t r a d i t i o n s t h a t y o u ca nf i n d a l m o s t a n y w h e r e,a n y t i m e,s u ch a s s e n d i n gbi r t h d a y ca r d s,bl o
43、w i n g o u t t h e ca n d l e s o n a bi r t h d a y ca ke a n ds i n g i n g t h e H a p p y B i r t h d a y s o n g.Ot h e r s a r e o n l y f o u n d f o rce r t a i n a g e s a n d i n ce r t a i n co u n t r i e s.In C h i n a,o n a ch i l d s s e co n d bi r t h d a y,f a m i l y m e m be r s
44、 p u tm a n y t h i n g s o n t h e f l o o r a r o u n d t h e ch i l d.Acco r d i n g t o C h i n e s et r a d i t i o n,t h e f i r s t t h i n g t h a t t h e ch i l d p i cks u p t e l l s y o u w h a tp r o f e s s i o n t h e ch i l d w i l l ch o o s e l a t e r i n l i f e.Fo r Ja p a n e s
45、 e ch i l d r e n,t h e t h i r d,f i f t h a n d s e v e n t h bi r t h d a y sa r e e s p e ci a l l y i m p o r t a n t.At t h i s a g e,t h e r e i s a s p e ci a lce l e br a t i o n Sh i ch i-G o-Sa n （s e v e n,f i v e,t h r e e i n Ja p a n e s e）w h e n ch i l d r e n g o t o t h e t e m p
46、l e w e a r i n g a n e w ki m o n o （和 月 艮）.Th e p r i e s t （僧 侣）g i v e s t h e m s p e ci a l s w e e t s,a n d t h e p a r e n t su s u a l l y o r g a n i z e a p a r t y f o r t h e i r f r i e n d s i n t h e i r h o m e.In Ar g e n t i n a,Me x i co a n d s e v e r a l o t h e r La t i n Am
47、 e r i ca nco u n t r i e s,g i r l s h a v e a s p e ci a l bi r t h d a y ce l e br a t i o n w h e n t h e yr e a ch t h e a g e o f f i f t e e n.Af t e r a s p e ci a l ce r e m o n y （仪式）,t h eg i r l s d a n ce a w a l t z w i t h t h e i r f a t h e r a n d o t h e r bo y s.Ei g h t e e n i
48、s t h e t r a d i t i o n a l co m i n g o f a g e -t h e a g e w h e n（i n m a n y co u n t r i e s）y o u h a v e t h e r i g h t t o v o t e （选举）,j o i n t h ea r m y a n d （i n B r i t a i n）d r i n k a l co h o l o r bu y a h o u s e.In m a n y En g l i s h-s p e a ki n g co u n t r i e s,a t w
49、e n t y-f i r s t bi r t h d a yca ke o f t e n h a s a ke y o n t o p,o r t h e ca ke i t s e l f i s s o m e t i m e s i nt h e s h a p e o f a ke y.Th e ke y m e a n s t h a t t h e y o u n g p e r s o n i s n o wold enough to leave and enter the family home at any time theywant to!84.Which of th
50、e following birthday traditions can be found almostanywhere,anytime?A)Putting many things on the floor.B)Wearing a newkimono.C)Dancing a waltz.D)Sendingbirthday cards.85.The usually organize a party at children，s specialbirthday celebration in Japan.A)priests B)parents C)friends D)relatives86.Mexica