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1、外文文献翻译译文一、 外文原文原文：To Improve Performance, Revise Your PayCloutier，George Compensation is that the staff turn towards the organizations to provide labor or services and access to various forms of reward or return, is organization paid to their employees of all labor remuneration. Compensation managem
2、ent is the process of enterprise managers refers to the remuneration paid standards of staff, the level of the elements to determine thestructure, distribution and adjustment. The respect of traditional compensation management is material reward, with little consideration on the behavioral character
3、istics of manager; Moreover modern compensation management shifted the focus to the development of human resources and use, it takes the process of material reward of management and encouraging staff closely fall together ,turn into a unified organic whole. Modern compensation management researchers
4、 found that the impact of the compensation management have a lot of factors, which can be primarily summed up in the four fol.lowing factors.1.External environment factorsImpacting compensation management to the external environment factors including: Economic environment. Macroeconomic situation an
5、d development trend will affect the human resources policy formulation and adjustment. Social environment. The change of social values will lead to the organizations staff mentality changed: With the staffs level of education and skills enhancement, the compensation system of enterprises must make o
6、ut the appropriate adjustments for employees of these social changes.Political environment. Human resources management is always a certain social and political conditions for the environment, must reflect the spirit of country(enterprises) according to law.Technological environment. Technology envir
7、onment including the whole process from raw materials and products to the market. In the process from raw materials to the products, any technological breakthroughs and improvements, and the staff of enterprises will all have a tremendous impact, therefore, enterprises must continuously reform the c
8、ompensation system, to mobilize the enthusiasm of key personnel, the introduction of technology and retain the key personnel, encourage technological innovation, in order to gain the competitive advantages of technology, talent and innovation for enterprises. 2.Organization internal factorsInfluence
9、 the organizations of compensation management specific internal factors include : the compensation management of financial capability, human resources and remuneration policies, the scale of enterprises, the culture of enterprises, the structure of enterprises (or flat-level type), and faced life cy
10、cle of the specific stages.3.Work factorsThe influence of work factors of compensation management specific including: work environment, labor intensity, and complexity of the initiative, and challenges and so on. 4.Individual factorsThe impact of individual actors of compensation management includin
11、g: the laborers personal ability, personality, character traits and values, seniority, performance, experience, education, the development potential.In summary, the pay is an integrated with the four elements harmony of management, environment, organizations, and individuals, and continuously the pr
12、ocess of effective use, in this process, employees gained the satisfaction and a sense of achievement on labor reward and job, and organizations will complete its goals. Compensation is a complex economic and social phenomenon from different angles can perform various classifications. According to t
13、he mechanism of compensation, it can divide into internal and external compensation. Internal compensation means the staff by virtue of their own hard work to get honor, success and liability. Internal compensation include : participation in the decision-making rights, individuals to play the potent
14、ial job opportunities, independence and freedom to arrange their working hours, more terms, more interested in the work, personal development opportunities, diversification of activities.External compensation means enterprises according to the staff for the size of contribution they made and that pa
15、id the various forms of income to the staff. Its specific manifestations are varied, including wages, bonuses, benefits, allowances and other specific forms: Wages .employees as long as works in enterprises, we will be able to get a regular fixed amount of labor remuneration. The narrow wages paid t
16、o workers refer to the monetary reward. From the meaning of generalized wages, including laborers monetary and all the remuneration of non-monetary forms. It is now commonly referred to wages, generally refers to generalized wages. As the wages of staff basic compensation, the basic amount fixed, it
17、 provides a more stable source of income to the employees, and meet the minimum needs of life to staff. Incentives. Incentives refers to the organization to provide staff with the efforts beyond the normal labor or labor and compensation paid to employees, including its dividend, profit sharing and
18、usually refer to the bonus content. Welfare. Welfare also has broad and narrow, the broad welfare includes wages. The narrow welfare refers paid to the staff in addition to wages or salaries and other forms of remuneration, and more to pay in Physical or the form of services, such as social insuranc
19、e (life insurance, unemployment , endowment insurance, etc.) the free and discounted of work meal, preferential housing, the provision of free or low-priced canteens bathhouse, clubs, and so on.Subsidy. Subsidies refers to the wage or salary of enterprises difficult to complete, accurately reflect t
20、he situation or the special working conditions of staff and job characteristics and the specific conditions of the additional pay and the cost of living paid staff compensation. These circumstances are: the working environment is detrimental to staff health; The work cause possibility of larger harm
21、 to staff; employees involved in the community in some seemingly decent work and so on. People usually associated with the allowance as compensation, and the compensation linked to life as subsidies. According to the compensation defined as the fundamental basis of the compensation classification, t
22、he pay can be divided into time, piece-work pay and outstanding achievement compensation. In addition, according to the compensation whether the monetary form can be obtained directly, divided into monetary and non-monetary remuneration. Pay is the same as commodity money contact to a category.Using
23、 the two angles as following to define the quality of compensation.From the point of view of productivity, it is production or other economic activities of human labor input the monetary funds manifestations, is the final cost of the product components. In the conditions of market economy, enterpris
24、es mainly through paid to the accounting or measuring production and other economic activities of human labor consumption. Due to the pressure of competition, enterprises must consider cutting labor costs. From the point of view of the relations of production, compensation for the income distributio
25、n reflects the outcome of the staff was the allocation of shares. Under the current social system of our country, compensation is the main sources to the means of subsistence consumption of workers. It have a major impact on the level of consumption and the consumption structure , and consumption ac
26、tually is the process of reproduction labor, reproduction of labor also has an important influence in the next phase of production. Therefore, the compensations level has great significance for sustained and stable increase production or promote other economic activities.Such a dual character of com
27、pensation, it decided that the compensation management is actually reduce expenditure and income distribution on production costs and that continued to improve pay levels of this contradiction and make an adjustment. The function of compensation may from the enterprises, workers and social aspects t
28、o inspect: From the point of view of the enterprises, compensation has the following functions: First, the increment functions. Compensation is not only the costs of purchase labor by enterprises, as well as the investment of live working , it will give employers greater than expected cost benefits.
29、 The existence of such benefit, provided the impetus mechanism of labor employment and investment labor for the enterprises. Second, the promoting functions. Compensation is a evaluation of workers and operators performance, reflect the quality and quantity conditions of work. Therefore, the compens
30、ation can promote staff constantly improve their work efficiency and enthusiasm. Third, the coordination functions. While the movement of compensation, put the organizations goals and intentions of managers to employees, correspond the relationship between staff and enterprises, and promote the cons
31、istent of staff action and enterprises correspond. On the other hand, the reasonable of compensation differentials and structure can effectively mediate the conflict between the employees, and harmony the human relationships. From the point of view of the employee, compensation has the following fun
32、ctions: First, the reproduction of labor ensure functions. Staff through the labor and services exchange for compensation, so that they could meet the need of food, clothing, shelter, with the basic needs of life, thereby achieving a reproduction of labor force. Second is to achieve functional value
33、. Compensation is an evaluation for enterprises to pay for their employees, also is the recognition of staff capability and level, is the returns of the implement of individuals value, and the signal of successful promotion, it reflects the employees relative position and function in enterprises, it
34、 can make the staff have a sense of achievement and satisfaction, and thus inspire greater enthusiasm for the work. Third，reasonable compensation will be strong the trust of enterprise by staff ,buildup the expected increase risk of psychological sense of security and a sense of security for the sta
35、ff. From the point of view of the social, compensation has the relocate function of labor force resources for the social. Most people will be willing to the higher compensation regions, departments and the post. As a manager can use the difference compensation to guide human resources reasonable flo
36、w, promote the effective distribution for human resources, implement the human resources development and maximize efficiency. In addition, compensation also can apply the occupational value and types of work by people, compensation level to a certain extent reflect the types of work or social values
37、, thereby adjust the peoples occupational aspirations and the flows of obtain employment. Compensation has always been an attention task, it is not merely related to each persons personal interests, is involved in every organization, the whole community, and even the entire countrys socio-economic d
38、evelopment. Therefore, compensation is that foreign scholars have always been an important research subject. The Motivation theory of compensation is the basis of the compensation management theory. Motivation is the most important and most basic functions in compensation. How to use the compensatio
39、n to motivate the staff efficiency and enthusiasm, is the core content of compensation study, design and compensation management. Reasonable, fair and competitive compensation is the most important factors to encourage the employees to work hard. Reasonable, and effective compensation management mec
40、hanism between prompting is a benign interaction. Effective compensation mechanism must motivate the staff use higher quantity and quality to completed tasks, and higher quantity and quality of work must bring higher compensation. Motivation is a psychology concept, in its essence, it is said that s
41、ome motivation by the reasons, some occurred motive acts is produced. For example, the same person, why do their sometimes work actively, and sometimes flagging spirit and no mood to work, or even negative go slow? Now, put the motivation concept into management practice, endow a new meaning. That i
42、s motivation is a spiritual power or state, the staff has stepped up, inspire and promote the role and instruction or guidance staff conduct at the organizations goals. Therefore, not only to study some kind of motivation how is, more crucial to examine how to promote the management of a particular
43、object have the motivation how to guide them with their full force to achieve a particular goal. Todays society, more and more motivation by many managers in the implementation guidance and leadership is seen as an important method thus effectively integrate human, using technology to achieve reunif
44、ication of all employees ,it will also make the personal ease of mind, the achievement of organizational objectives.In the understanding the basis of human, and many scholars research the needs and conduct of human, But it has the same purpose of the study, namely : how to inspire motivation, how to
45、 analyze needs, how to determine action, adopted to meet the needs of the people to achieve their basic objective, so as to achieve an effective motivation. At present, domestic and foreign scholars have recognized the main motivation theory: Hierarchy of Needs Theory, Two-factor theory, Equity Theo
46、ry, Expectancy theory of motivation. This text simply introduce Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Expectancy theory of motivation.Maslow put forward the hierarchy of needs theory, it thinks that the needs of human is arisen with the arrangement form, from the junior programs need to begin to move upward
47、s to senior needs. Maslow thinks that it generally has five levels of needs in social life by people: physiological needs, security needs and society needs, respect needs and self-actualization needs. Maslow also considers that when a need to be met, and a higher level of need will occupy the domina
48、nt position, the individual needs of the layer to rise. From the point of motivation, no a need will be fully met, However, as long as the meeting is part of the individual will to pursue other aspects of their needs. According to Maslows view, if we want to inspire someone, it is imperative to unde
49、rstand which hierarchy of needs by the person, then focused on meeting the needs of this level or above this level needs. Maslows theory gained all-pervading recognition, especially gained the recogniztion from practice by many managers. This is mainly due to the theory simple and clear, easy to understand the inherent logic. Its maximize usefulness lies in the fact that it points out the need for every person. As managers, in order to effectively inspire subordinates, it is necessary t