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1、高考英语突破书面表达基础讲与练Part A 写作基本理论1对英语句子的认识意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。I.什 么是句子？长的是句子，短的是词。xq 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语(动词)，而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子.I am tired.Pressing one palm together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as ifsleeping
2、means am tired.(双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。”)这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。1.省略主语的句子Come in,please.(You)Open the door.Sit down.Stand up.What a day!(What a terrible day it is!)2.一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。典型错误：1)The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.L2)I enjoy talk with h
3、im over a cup of coffee.L3)The boy ran to his mother cry.L4)After write the notice,he put it up on the wall.L3.不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语，或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。典型错误：1)1)Those who eat too much will easily ill.L2)When he walking in the park,he felt a little tired.L3)When I at school,I studi
4、ed very hard.LIL Practice:判断以下是否是句子。1.Birds can fly2.The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday3.Wait for me at the station4.If you know how to play with words to make people laugh5.A way of saying T m sorry 6.Patting the stomach before a meal7.The bread my mother makes is much better than what
5、you can buy at the store.8.To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home9.If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air,take off in a rocket,fly a helicopter or fight aliencreatures in outer spaceIII.常见的句子结构由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时
6、，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听”这个意义时，listen是不及物动词;hear是及物动词。表 示“看”这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see,watch和 notice就是及物动词。表 示“到达”，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词,才能接宾语。如：listen to,look at,arrive in等等。1.主 语+不及物动词e.g.He came in.The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.On his arrival he went straight
7、to the counter.To catch up with others,youd better work harder.How did the accident occur?In July,the ship set out for the Pacific.Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.They lived by hunting animals,birds and fish.2.主 语+系 动 词+表语常见的系动词有：be,seem,appear,become,go,get,grow,turn,look,sound,
8、feel,taste,smelle.g.She is very happy.(xShe very happy.)I am a student.He became nervous when thinking of stealing.It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m.in this area.We are proud of our friends.To become a top gymnast,it is important to start when very young.Its much cheaper to ca
9、mp than to stay in a hotel.It is useless trying to argue with him.I got caught in the traffic.Just then,the traffic light turned red.He seemed to have misunderstood you.3.主 语+及物动词+宾语e.g.We learn English at school.He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.I didnt mean to be so rude.Most people h
10、ere earn their living by farming.We will send these goods to the flooded area.You must keep your word.I took some photos of some beautiful actress.I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.被动：English is learnt at school.These goods will be sent to the flooded area.4.主 语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语有些动词需要接两
11、个宾语。间接宾语般由人担任，直接宾语般由物担任。give,offer,teach,tell,read,ask,bring,pass,lend,return,write,throw,allow,send,costmake,buy,do,get,save,cook,sing,find 等。e.g.My brother gave me a book.Who sent you the computer?My mother would read me a story before I went to bed.I wont tell you anything about it.Can you sing u
12、s an English song?Pass me the newspaper,please.这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。e.g.I was given a book.A book was given to me.5.主 语+及物动词+宾 语+宾补e.g.Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.Do you think it possible to fin
13、ish it in one day?We are making our country more and more beautiful.【模拟试题】改错练习：1.Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.2.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.3.Listen!Someone knocking at the door.4.He told me dont call him before 9 oclock.5.Does your parents allow you ma
14、ke your own decision?6.Although it is only August,but the weather is getting worse daily.7.Because the professor had fallen ill,so he was not able to be present at the conference.8.In Japan,a person sees the OK”gesture may think it means money.9.When I past his room,I heard him singing an English so
15、ng.Part B写作必备素材 叙事类外出活动、欣赏美景（日记）We decided to go out for a picnic.I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.Early in the morning,we set off for the farm for a visit.When we reached the farm,we were given a warm welcome.They showed us around the farm(We were shown around the farm),wher
16、e we saw many kinds of plants.We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers on both sides.We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness of nature.(我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了)We jumped and shouted like innocent(天真的)children.Once on the top of the hill/The moment we got to the
17、top of the hill,we were deeply struck/attracted by thebeautiful scenery.How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top!After being divided into groups,we set to work at once.Some of us were getting water,some(were)cutting the meat and vegetables,and others(were)sitting on thegrass enjoying music.Bi
18、rds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancing gracefully in the garden/fields.When lunch time came,we sat on the grassland,eating and drinking happily.A The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.We sang and danced together to the music.Three hours had passed before
19、we knew it.The time passed quickly before we knew it.It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins,enjoying the fine scenery and fresh air in the country.At about four o5clock in the afternoon,we said goodbye to them At four oclock in the
20、afternoon we had to return.They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.On the way back,we were laughing and talking all the time.What a wonderful weekend we had!We enjoyed ourselves very much.Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things that cant be learned in
21、class.Although we were tired,we felt very happy.I think its our duty to cover our country with green.近年来高考英语书面表达中的复杂高级句1.We can pay a visit to the museum,study computer and painting and many other things.2.We can watch news programs on TV,read books or newspapers in the evening.3.1 used to attend cl
22、asses at school and deal with our homework in the day time.4.1 used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes.5.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the other side ofthe street.6.The next moment the car hit the
23、 man while he was crossing the road.7.On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library.8.At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.9.After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes or stories.10.Then the head of the farm showed u
24、s around the fann.11.The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.12.My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.13.Hope you dont have to wait as long as we did.14.1 studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.15.The main subjects I studied at school included C
25、hinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer.16.Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.17.After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight on till you come to a stream.Cross the stream and turnright.After walking for a while youll come to a hill.Walk round to th
26、e other side of the hill.Then youll see alake.18.1 have an announcement to make.19.The students union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening,August 15,to welcome our friends from theUnited States.20.Remember to wrap up the small gift,sign your name and write a few words of goodwishes.21.There
27、will be music,dancing,singing,games and exchange of gift.22.One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sister and Ah Fu along.23.She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river.24.They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.25.At eight he becam
28、e a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.26.He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.27.It was pretty hard on the children of the village who had to go to school in other villages which were all faraway.28.The teachers had finished midd
29、le school education before they returned to teach here.29.The pupils are divided into five different classes,in which six subjects are taught.30.Education is free for all children in the village.31.60%of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.32.They believe a public park should be free
30、of charge.33.Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.34.40%of the students think that fees should be charged because you need money to paygardeners and workers,and to buy plants and young trees.35.They suggest fees should be charged low.Part C 高 考 写 作 基 本 功 训 练（词组部分）1.给某人让座2.跳到地上/
31、桌上3.下了一整天雨4.听到呼救声 5.把 带 到 安 全 地 带6.向某人道歉7.给 某 人 提 建 议8.得 到 好 的 治 疗9.接受某人的建议1 0.加入球队/俱乐部/小组/委员会/公司1 1.向某人解释1 2.治愈某人的病1 3.匆忙赶往医院/学校/邮局/派铝所/火车站/汽车站/飞机场14.提 出 付100元钱 1 5.收100元钱 16.付100元 钱17.打车 18.浑身湿透了 19.下载文件2 0.外出钓鱼/爬山/郊游/游泳/划船/野营2 1.转身离开2 2.陷入沉思2 3.返回取某物2 4.走过去看一看发生了什么2 5.与某人同住一间房间/同打一把伞/同玩一件玩具/同一志趣2
32、 6.对某人大声喊叫 27.使劲移开那块大石头 2 8.背着一个沉重的包2 9.去吃饭/开会/晚会/观光/聚会3 0.背负沉重的课业负担3 1.约某人32.顺道拜访某人3 3.看 家3 4.跑过去搀扶盲人/老人3 5.等候某人吃饭/开会/回 家3 6.下 车3 7.站在门口 3 8.坐在窗前3 9.靠在墙上/树上4 0.逆风而行4 1.下 大 雨/大 雪42.刮大风4 3.起 雾4 4.熟睡4 5.举 手4 6.步行回家/开车回家/乘车回家/骑车回家4 7.突然停止4 8.把某人救到河岸上4 9.结 束5 0.为某人喝彩高 考 写 作 基 本 功 训 练（汉译英部分）1.休息片刻后，我们就开始
33、唱歌、跳舞、讲故事、说笑话，玩得可开心了。2.在一家商店旁，有位妇女正在买冰激凌，这时有个小伙子从她身后抢了她的手提包就跑。3.我校历年毕业的学生中有不少人成了教授、工程师、记者以及其他领域的专家。4.不论我今年是否能考上大学，我都要努力学习。5.他告诉我看电影不但是一种休息，而且有助于增加知识，并获得更多的科技信息。6.他们建议应收门票，但票价不宜太高。7.我认为人口的增长应当得到控制，从而使我们未来的家园更加美好。8.谨致以良好的祝愿，并代我问候你全家人好。9.我相信你们定会度过又一个难忘的旅游日。10.村里的孩子们在本村上小学都是免费的。11.近年来我们的城市新建了不少的工厂，住房和街道
34、。12.很高兴收到你的来信，我将写信告诉你我校的情况。13.午餐时，我们同祝爷爷生日快乐！14.欢迎大家届时光临。1 5.说你与贵班同学都在学汉语，我真的很高兴。1 6.规划的目的是使我们的学校变得更漂亮，让空气更清新，让我们的学校变成更有利于我们学习、生活的好地方。1 7.我业余时间喜欢集邮，听音乐。1 8.这时，我看见一辆黄色的轿车驶上了 Third street,一个右转弯上了 Park Road.1 9.或许你们不会像我们刚才那样等很久。2 0.通过此事我认识到每个人都有自己的长处，无论才能大小都会成为有用之才。Part D书面表达周周练EX.I:作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验
35、过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概述中学生中普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。消极态度积极态度你的结论当考试结果不尽人意时，情绪低落，丧失信心，不再继续努力当考试失败时，-一.要求；1.题目自拟；2.词数：100 120oF.X.2:假定你是张峰，一家英文报社邀请你调查一下中学生对网络使用的情况，并依据调查写一篇报道。请根据下表提供的信息，对你的调查作简要介绍，发给报社。注意：1、词数：100左右 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯主要用途出现的问题1、阅读国内外新闻，学习英语2、发 e-m ail,欣赏音乐，看电影，玩游戏等3、网上购物1）过多的在网上玩
36、游戏，浪费了时间，影响了学业2）浏览不健康信息，对身心有害3、文章开头已给出As we all know,the Iniemet is playing an important part in our daily life.参考答案Part A对英语句子的认识2.一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。典型错误：1)The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.LThe old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper.2)I eqjoy talk with him ove
37、r a cup of coffee.L I enjoy talking with him over a cup of coffee.3)The boy ran to his mother cry.LThe boy ran to his mother crying.4)After write the notice,he gut it up on the wall.L After writing the notice,he put it up on the wall.After he wrote the notice,he put it up on the wall.3.不要把从句的谓语当成句子的
38、谓语，或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。典型错误：2)1)Those who eat too much will easily ill.L Those who eat too much will easily get ill.2)When he walking in the park,he felt a little tired.L When he was walking in the park,he felt a little tired.3)When I at school,I studied very hard.L When I wa
39、s at school,I studied very hard.IL Practice:判断以下是否是句子。1.Birds can fly 是2.The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是3.Wait for me at the station 是4.If you know how to play with words to make people laugh 不是5.A way of saying T m sorry”不是6.Patting the stomach before a meal 不是7.The bread my mothe
40、r makes is much better than what you can buy at the store,是8.To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home 不是9.If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air,take off in a rocket,fly a helicopter or fight aliencreatures in outer space 不是【模拟试题】改错练习：1.Please speak lo
41、uder so that everybody can listen you.2.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.3.Listen!Someone knocking at the door.4.He told me dont call him before 9 oclock.5.Does your parents allow you make your own decision?6.Although it is only August,but the weather is getting worse daily.7.Becau
42、se the professor had fallen ill,so he was not able to be present at the conference.8.In Japan,a person sees the OK gesture may think it means money.9.When I past his room,I heard him singing an English song.【试题答案】1.listen hear 2.去掉 been 3.A knocking*is knocking4.dont not to 5.A make to make 6.去掉 but
43、7.去掉 so 8.A sees who sees9.past passed 或 A past walked past基本功训练13.hurry to the hospital/school/post office/police station/railway station/bus stop/airport词组翻译参考答案1.give/offer ones seat to sb2.jump onto the ground/table3.keep on raining all the day4.hear a cry/shout for help5.carry sb to safety6.apo
44、logize to sb for sth/doing sth7.give sb some advice on sth8.get good treatment9.take/follow ones advice10.join a team/club/group/committee/company11.explain sth to sb(explain to sb that.)12.cure sb of a certain illness20.go fishing/outing/climbing/boating/swimming/camping14.offer to pay lOOdollars15
45、.charge/take 100 dollars16.pay 100 dollars(pay the bill)17.hire/get/call for a taxi(to take sb to.)18.be wet all over/be wet through19.download the papers25.share a room/an umbrella/a toy/the same interests with sb21.turn away22.be lost in thought23.turn back to get sth/for e/go up to see what happe
46、ns40.walk/run/swim/ride/drive/move on against the wind26.shout to sb in a loud voice27.gather all ones strength to remove the big stone28.bear a heavy bag29.go for a dinner/meeting/party/visit/get-together30.be heavily burdened with homework31.call for sb32.drop in on sb33.mind ones house34.run over
47、 to support the old man35.wait for sb to have dinner/a meeting/come home36.get off the bus/get out of the car37.be stationed by the door/stand by the door38.be seated by the window39.lean against the wall/tree1.After a short rest,we began to sing and dance,tell stories and jokes.We had a good time.4
48、1.rain hard/snow hard/wind e to ones rescue43.express ones hearty thanks to sb44.fall sound asleep45.raise ones hand46.walk/ride/dri ve/take a bus e to a stop48.push sb to the river e to an end/put sth to an end句子汉译英参考答案：50.cheer for sb2.At a shop,a woman was buying an ice-cream when a young man beh
49、ind her snatched her handbag and ranaway.3、Many of the graduates from our school have become professors,engineers,journalists and experts of otherfields.4、I shall study hard,whether I can go to college this year or not.5 He told me that seeing a film is not only a rest but also helps(to)increase one
50、s knowledge and information.6、They suggest,however,fees should be charged low.7、I believe that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that well have a better hometownin future.8、With best wishes.And please remember me to your family.9、Im sure you will have another unforgetta