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1、0 9高考英语突破书面表达基础讲与练Part A 写作基本理论1 对英语句子的认识意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。工.什么是句子？长的是句子，短的是词。X/无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语(动词)，而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。I am tired.Pressing ones palm together and restinq ones head on the back ofones hand while closinq the eyes as if sleepi
2、nq means 工 am tired.”(双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说 我累了。)这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。1.省略主语的句子Come in,please.(You)Open the door.Sit down.Stand up.What a day!(What a terrible day it is!)2.一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。典型错误：1)The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.L2)I enjoy talk w
3、ith him over a cup of coffee.L3)The boy ran to his mother cry.L4)After write the notice,he put it up on the wall.L3.不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语，或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。典型错误：1)1)Those who eat too much will easily ill.L2)When he walking in the park,he felt a little tired.L_3)When I at school,I
4、 studied very hard.L.II.Practice：判断以下是否是句子。1.Birds can fly2.The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday3.Wait for me at the station4.If you know how to play with words to make people laugh5.A way of saying Im sorry 6.Patting the stomach before a meal7.The bread my mother makes is much better than
5、 what you can buy atthe store.8.To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home9.If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air,take offin a rocket,fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer spaceI I I.常见的句子结构由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表
6、达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示 听 这个意义时，listen是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表 示“看 这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see,watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示 到达，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to,look at,arrive in 等等。1.主 语+不及物动词e.q.He came in.The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.On his arrival he went str
7、aight to the counter.To catch up with others,youd better work harder.How did the accident occur?In July,the ship set out for the Pacific.Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.They lived by hunting animals,birds and fish.2.主 语+系 动 词+表语常见的 系 动词有：be,seem,appear,become,go,get,grow,turn,loo
8、k,sound,feel,taste,smelle.g.She is very happy.(*She very happy.)I am a student.He became nervous when thinking of stealing.It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m.in this area.We are proud of our friends.To become a top gymnast,it is important to start when very young.Its much cheap
9、er to camp than to stay in a hotel.It is useless trying to argue with him.I got caught in the traffic.Just then,the traffic light turned red.He seemed to have misunderstood you.3.主 语+及 物 动 词+宾 语e.g.We learn English at school.He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.I didnt mean to be so rude.M
10、ost people here earn their living by farming.We will send these goods to the flooded area.You must keep your word.I took some photos of some beautiful actress.I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.被动：English is learnt at school.These goods will be sent to the flooded area.4.主 语+及 物 动 词+间接
11、宾语+直接宾语有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。give,offer,teach,tell,read,ask,bring,pass,lend,return,write,throw,allow,send,costmake,buy,do,get,save,cook,sing,find 等。e.g.My brother gave me a book.Who sent you the computer?My mother would read me a story before I went to bed.I wont tell you anything about
12、it.Can you sing us an English song?Pass me the newspaper,please.这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。e.g.I was given a book.A book was given to me.5.主 语+及 物 动 词+宾 语+宾补e.g.Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.The growth in population made New York the largest city in theUSA.Do you think
13、 it possible to finish it in one day?We are making our country more and more beautiful.【模拟试题】改错练习:1.Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.2.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.3.Listen!Someone knocking at the door.4.He told me dont call him before 9 oclock.5.Does your p
14、arents allow you make your own decision?6.Although it is only August,but the weather is getting worse daily.7.Because the professor had fallen ill,so he was not able to be presentat the conference.8.In Japan,a person sees the、OK gesture may think it means money.9.When I past his room,I heard him sin
15、ging an English song.Part B写作必备素材 叙事类外出活动、欣赏美景（日记）We decided to go out for a picnic.I had a pleasant outing with some of my classmates today.Early in the morning,we set off for the farm for a visit.When we reached the farm,we were given a warm welcome.They showed us around the farm（We were shown aro
16、und the farm）,where we saw many kinds of plants.We caught sight of a stream with green grass and beautiful flowers onboth sides.A We were completely amazed at the wonder and the greatness ofnature.（我们完全被大自然的奇妙和伟大折服了）We jumped and shouted like innocent（天真的）children.Once on the top of the hill/The mom
17、ent we got to the top of the hill,wewere deeply struck/attracted by the beautiful scenery.How we enjoyed the beautiful views from the top!After being divided into groups,we set to work at once.A Some of us were getting water,some(were)cutting the meat andvegetables,and others(were)sitting on the gra
18、ss enjoying music.Birds were singing sweetly in the trees and butterflies were dancinggracefully in the garden/fields.When lunch time came,we sat on the grassland,eating and drinkinghappily.The meal was so delicious that we enjoyed it very much.We sang and danced together to the music.A Three hours
19、had passed before we knew it.The time passed quickly before we knew it.It was time for us to go back when the sun started to go down.I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins,enjoying the fine sceneryand fresh air in the country.At about four oclock in the afternoon,we said goodbye to them At fou
20、r oclock in the afternoon we had to return.They came out to see us until we disappeared in the distance.A On the way back,we were laughing and talking all the time.What a wonderful weekend we had!We enjoyed ourselves very much.Through these out-of class activities we can learn a lot of things thatca
21、nt be learned in class.Although we were tired,we felt very happy.I think its our duty tocover our country with green.近年来高考英语书面表达中的复杂高级句1.We can pay a visit to the museum,study computer and painting and manyother things.2.We can watch news programs on TV,read books or newspapers in theevening.3.1 use
22、d to attend classes at school and deal with our homework in the daytime.4.I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework andattending classes.5.I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly mancame out of the park on the other side of the street.6.The next moment the
23、 car hit the man while he was crossing the road.7.On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands anothernew buildingour library.8.At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine.9.After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes orstories.10.Then the head of the farm
24、 showed us around the farm.11.The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.12.My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.13.Hope you dont have to wait as long as we did.14.1 studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.15.The main subjects I studied at school i
25、ncluded Chinese,maths,English,physics,chemistry and computer.16.Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.17.After you enter the park by the main gate,walk straight on till youcome to a stream.Cross the stream and turn right.After walking for awhile youll come to a hill.Walk rou
26、nd to the other side of the hill.Thenyoull see a lake.18.1 have an announcement to make.19.The students union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening,August15,to welcome our friends from the United States.20.Remember to wrap up the small gift,sign your name and write a fewwords of goodwishes.21
27、.There will be music,dancing,singing,games and exchange of gift.22.One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my little sisterand Ah Fu along.23.She was trying to pick a flower when she fell into the river.24.They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.25.At eight he
28、 became a member of the diving team in GuangdongProvince.26.He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before hecame to the national team.27.It was pretty hard on the children of the village who had to go toschool in other villages which were all far away.28.The teachers had finished
29、middle school education before theyreturned to teach here.29.The pupils are divided into five different classes,in which six subjectsare taught.30.Education is free for all children in the village.31.60%of the students are against the idea of entrance fees.32.They believe a public park should be fre
30、e of charge.33.Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away.34.40%of the students think that fees should be charged because youneed money to paygardeners and workers,and to buy plants and young trees.35.They suggest fees should be charged low.Part C 09年高考写作基本功训练（词组部分）1.给某人让座2.跳到地上/桌上3.
31、下了一整天雨4.听到呼救声 5.把 带到 安 全 地 带 6.向某人道歉7.给某人提建议8.得到好的治疗9.接受某人的建议10.加入球队/俱乐部/小组/委员会/公司1 1.向某人解释1 2.治愈某人的病 1 3.匆忙赶往医院/学校/邮局/派出所/火车站/汽车站/飞机场14.提出付100元钱15.收 100元 钱 16.付 100元 钱 1 7.打 车 18.浑身湿透了 19.下载文件20.外出钓鱼/爬山/郊游/游泳/划船/野营21.转 身 离 开22.陷 入 沉 思23.返回取某物 2 4.走过去看一看发生了什么2 5.与某人同住一间房间/同打一把伞/同玩一件玩具/同一志趣2 6.对某人大声喊
32、叫27.使劲移开那块大石头 2 8.背着一个沉重的包2 9.去吃饭/开会/晚会/观光/聚会3 0.背负沉重的课业负担31.约某人32.顺道拜访某人3 3.看 家3 4.跑过去搀扶盲人/老人3 5.等候某人吃饭/开会/回家3 6.下车3 7.站在门口 3 8.坐在窗前3 9.靠在墙上/树上4 0.逆风而行4 L下大雨/大雪 42.舌 大 风43.起雾 44.熟 睡45.举 手46.步行回家/开车回家/乘车回家/骑车回家4 7.突然停止48.把某人救到河岸上4 9.结 束5 0.为某人喝彩09年高考写作基本功训练（汉译英部分）L休息片刻后，我们就开始唱歌、跳舞、讲故事、说笑话，玩得可开心了。2.在
33、一家商店旁，有位妇女正在买冰激凌，这时有个小伙子从她身后抢了她的手提包就跑。3.我校历年毕业的学生中有不少人成了教授、工程师、记者以及其他领域的专家。4.不论我今年是否能考上大学，我都要努力学习。5.他告诉我看电影不但是一种休息，而且有助于增加知识，并获得更多的科技信息。6.他们建议应收门票，但票价不宜太高。7.我认为人口的增长应当得到控制，从而使我们未来的家园更加美好。8.谨致以良好的祝愿，并代我问候你全家人好。9.我相信你们定会度过又一个难忘的旅游日。10.村里的孩子们在本村上小学都是免费的。11.近年来我们的城市新建了不少的工厂，住房和街道。12.彳艮高兴收到你的来信，我将写信告诉你我校
34、的情况。13.午餐时，我们同祝爷爷生日快乐！14.欢迎大家届时光临。1 5.说你与贵班同学都在学汉语，我真的很高兴。1 6.规划的目的是使我们的学校变得更漂亮，让空气更清新，让我们的学校变成更有利于我们学习、生活的好地方。1 7.我业余时间喜欢集邮，听音乐。1 8.这时，我看见一辆黄色的轿车驶上了 Third street,一个右转弯上了Park Road.1 9.或许你们不会像我们刚才那样等很久。2 0.通过此事我认识到每个人都有自己的长处，无论才能大小都会成为有用之才。Part D 书面表达周周练EX.1:作为中学生，你肯定经历过多次考试，体验过成功，也遭遇过失败。请你根据提示内容，简要概
35、述中学生中普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度，并结合自身实际，说明你的观点。消极态度积极态度你的结论当考试结果不尽人意时，情绪低落，丧失信心，不再继续努力当 考 试 失 败 时，.要求；1.题目自拟；2.词数：100-120。EX.2:假定你是张峰，一家英文报社邀请你调查一下中学生对网络使用的情况，并依据调查写一篇报道。请根据下表提供的信息，对你的调查作简要介绍，发给报社。主要用途出现的问题1、阅读国内外新闻，学习英语2、发e-mail,欣赏音乐，看电影，玩游戏等3、网上购物1）过多的在网上玩游戏，浪费了时间，影响了学业2）浏览不健康信息，对身心有害注意：1、词数：100左右 2、可适当增加细节，
36、以使行文连贯3、文章开头已给出As we all know,the Internet is playing an important part in our dailylife.参考答案Part A对英语句子的认识2.一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。典型错误：1)The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.LThe old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper.2)I enjoy 十alk with him over a cup of coffee.LI en
37、joy talking with him over a cup of coffee.3)The boy ran to his mother cry.LThe boy ran to his mother crying.4)After write the notice,he ut it up on the wall.L After writing the notice,he put it up on the wall.After he wrote the notice,he put it up on the wall.3.不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语，或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。如果是一个复合
38、句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。典型错误：2)1)Those who eat too much will easily ill.L Those who eat too much will easily get ill.2)When he walking in the park,he felt a little tired.LWhen he was walking in the park,he felt a little tired.3)When I at school,I studied very hard.LWhen I was at school,I studied very
39、hard.II.Practice：判断以下是否是句子。1.Birds can fly 是2.The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是3.Wait for me at the station 是4.If you know how to play with words to make people laugh 不是5.A way of saying Im sorry 不是6.Patting the stomach before a meal 不是7.The bread my mother makes is much better than
40、what you can buy atthe store.是8.To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home 不9.If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air,take offin a rocket,fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space 不是【模拟试题】改错练习：1.Please speak louder so that everybody can lis
41、ten you.2.Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.3.Listen!Someone knocking at the door.4.He told me dont call him before 9 oclock.5.Does your parents allow you make your own decision?6.Although it is only August,but the weather is getting worse daily.7.Because the professor had fallen il
42、l,so he was not able to be presentat the conference.8.In Japan,a person sees the OK gesture may think it means money.9.When I past his room,I heard him singing an English song.【试题答案】1.listeiLhear 2.去掉 been 3.A knocking f is knocking4.dont f not to 5.A make f t。make 6.去掉 but7.去掉 so 8.A seesf who sees
43、9.past f passed 或 A past f walked past基本功训练词组翻译参考答案1.give/offer ones seat to sb3.keep on raining all the day5.carry sb to safety7.give sb some advice on sth9.take/follow ones adviceteam/club/group/committee/company2.jump onto the ground/table4.hear a cry/shout for help6.apologize to sb for sth/doing
44、 sth8.get good treatment10.join a11.explain sth to sb(explain to sb that.)12.cure sb of a certain illness13.hurry to the hospital/school/post office/police station/railwaystation/bus stop/airport14.offer to pay lOOdollars16.pay 100 dollars(pay the bill)sb to.)18.be wet all over/be wet through15.char
45、ge/take 100 dollars17.hire/get/call for a taxi(to take19.download the papers20.go fishing/outing/climbing/boating/swimming/camping21.turn away 22.be lost in thought23.turn back to get sth/for sth e/go up to see whathappens25.share a room/an umbrella/a toy/the same interests with sb26.shout to sb in
46、a loud voice 27.gather all ones strength toremove the big stone28.bear a heavy bag 29.go for adinner/meeting/party/visit/get-together30.be heavily burdened with homework 31.call for sb32.drop in on sb 33.mind ones house34.run over to support the old man 35.wait for sb to have dinner7ameeting/come ho
47、me36.get off the bus/get out of the car 37.be stationed by thedoor/stand by the door38.be seated by the window 39.lean against the wall/tree40.walk/run/swim/ride/drive/move on against the wind41.rain hard/snow hard/wind hard e to ones rescue43.express ones hearty thanks to sb 44.fall sound asleep45.
48、raise ones hand 46.walk/ride/drive/take a e to a stop 48.push sb to the river e to an end/put sth to an end 50.cheer for sb句子汉译英参考答案：1.After Q short rest,we began to sing and dance,tell stories and jokes.We had a good time.2.At a shop,a woman was buying an ice-cream when a young man behindher snatch
49、ed her handbag and ran away.3、Many of the graduates from our school have become professors,engineers,journalists and experts of other fields.4、I shall study hard,whether I can go to college this year or not.5、He told me that seeing a film is not only a rest but also helps(to)mcr&ase.ones knowledge a
50、nd information.6、They suggest,however,fees should be charged low.7、I believe that the growth of its population should be brought undercontrol so that well have a better hometown in future.8、With best wishes.And please remember me to your family.9、rm sure you will have another unforgettable touring d