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1、Stu d ies S h o w U S Spending Do e s nt G etB e s t H e al thT he Uni t ed S t at e s m ay sp e nd twic e asmuch on h eal t h care as other r ich cou n triesb u t it is n o t getting r esu 1 ts to m a tc h,a c c o rding to three stu d ies re 1 eased on T u e sd a y.But i n the s iu d i e s of five
2、w e alth y co u nti ies,pu b lished i n t h e journal Health Affiai r s,r e s ear c h ers f ound no sing 1 e n ati o n had c lea r ly the wor s t or b e st heakh c are s y stem.Ger a rd A nd e rson at J o h n s Hop k i n sU ni v ersi t ys sch o o 1 o f pu b 1 i c h e altha nd c o 1 1 e agues came u
3、p with a li s t of 21he a It h fields they cou!d ev e nly compa r eacross the fi v e c o u n t ri e s-Au s t r al i a,Can a d a,Brit a i n.New Zeal a n d a n dt h e Un i ted S t a tes.N o ne of the f i ve coun t ries.is c on si s t ently t h e b e s t o r th e worst o n all2 1 in d i c a tors,Anders
4、on to I d a telephone br i efing f o r r eporters.If y o u a r e lookin g fo r th e p lacet o get the best c a r e,there isn t a s ingle p 1 ace.Every coun t ry has a t 1 ea s tone indi c at o r w h er e it s c o res the b e s tha s a t I e a st o n e indi c at o r where i ts c o r es th e worst of
5、the five cou n t ries.B ut,he sa i d,t h e U n i t ed St at e s is not getti n g va 1 ue for money.The Un i t e d S t a tes should be p a rti c ul a rl yc o n c e rn e d a b ou t t h ese r esuit s,g ive n t hat we s p e nd t wic e a s much onhea 1 th ca r e a s any other count r y.So s pen d ing mor
6、e d o esnt n e c e ss a rily result i nbet t er outcomes.A nd e r s on s grou p of inte r nati o nalheal t h ex p e rt s s p o n sored by The Commo nw e a 1th Fund s pe n t five y e a rs w o rki ng on(h e s i u d y.g e t t i ng t h e 1 a t est-p os sible d ata f r o m the f i ve countrie s on areass
7、 u c h as bre a s t c a n c e r and Ieu kemia su rviva 1 ,suicide r a te s death rat e sfrom a st h ma,vaccina t ion rates a nd c a nce r scr e e n i n g.研究表白，美国的消费没有得到最佳的医疗美国也许会花两倍保健其他富裕国家却并没有得到相应的结果，根据星期二公布的三的研究。但在五个富裕国家的研究，发表在健康事务期刊，研究人员发现，没有哪个国家有明显的最佳的E 生保健系统。热拉尔And e r s o n 在约翰霍普金斯大学的公共卫生学院和同事
8、们列出了 2 1 个健康领域可以均匀的比较在五个国家一澳大利亚，加拿大，英国，新西兰和美国。“这五个国家不始终保持是最佳的或最坏的所有21个指标，”安德森对记者的电话会议上告诉。“假如你找得到最佳的照顾的地方，那里是“一个地方每个国家都有至少一个指示器，成绩最佳的五个 国 家（和）每个国家都至少有一个指标，它的成绩最差的五个国家。”但是,他说，美国是没有得到金钱的价值。“美国应当特别关注这些结果，由于我们花了两倍保健为任何其他国家。所以花更多的是“更好的结果未必的结果。”安德森的国际健康专家由联邦基金资助集团花了五年的研究工作，获得的最新数据也许来自五个国家地区，如乳腺癌和白血病的生存，自杀率
9、，哮喘死亡率，疫苗接种率和癌症筛查。第二篇:Most Ad u 1 t s in US Have Low Risk ofH e a r t Di s easeM o re than 80 p ercent o f US adults hav e aless than 10-p e r c ent r is k of dev e 1 o ping heartd i s ease i n t h e next 1 0 y ears,a ccordingto a r eport in the Joum a I o f the Americ a nCo 1 1 e ge o f Ca r diolog
10、 y.J u st 3 p e rcent ha ve a risk th a t exc e e ds 20 per c e n t.“I hop e t hat t hcse n umb e rs wi 1 1 g i vep h ysic i ans,r ese a rchers,h ea 1 th po 1 icya nalys t s,and other s a bette r i d ea ofo f t h e five countr i es(a n d)e ach count r y h o w co r o nary h e art disease is distrib u
11、t e d in t h e US pop u 1 ation,”le a d a uthor Ded e d i t oria 1 .枳极的治疗措施和公共卫生战略需要转移的整体人r.E a rl S.Ford,f r om the Cente r s fb r Di s eAggress i ve treat me n t rneas u re s an d p u blic口的风险下降，加。a se Con t ro 1 and P re v en t i o nl in Atla n t a,health s t r ategies a r e n e eded to s h i f t
12、Smoking A S i n c e 1939,n u me r o u ssaid in a s tateme n(.the o v e ra I I population risk downwa rd,th e y s tudies h a ve bee n condu c ted to determineThe Hndi n g s are b a sed on a n a l ysis ofa d d owheth e r sm o king ih ealth h a zard.T hd a ta from 13,769 subjects,betwe e n 20 and 79 y
13、第二篇：大多数成年人在我们的心脏病风险低 trend o f th e evi d ence ha s beene a r s of a g e,w ho parti c ipate din t he超 过 百 分 之8 0的美国成年人有一个在未来2 023 consistent a nd indicates th a t t h e re is a s e rTh i r d Nati o nal Health and Nu tr iti o n E中发生心脏病的风险达成小于1 0-,根据美国心脏i ou s h e alth r i sk.Research teams have conxa
14、mi n ation Su r v e y from 19 8 8to 1994.病学院杂志的一篇研究报告。百 分 之3有超过百分d ucte d s t u d i e s th at s h ow b eyond alOverall 8 2 p ercent o f adults ha da之20的风险。1 r easo n a bl e doubt t hat tobacco s mokingof less th a n 10 pe r c e n t,15 pe r cent ha d“我希望这些数字会给医生，研究人员，卫生政策分is a s s ociat e d wit h a s
15、hort e ne d life expectarisk that fell b e t wee n10to 2 0 perc e析，和其别人更好地了解冠心病是分布在美国的人nc y.n t,an d 3 p e rc e nt h a dr is k ab o ve重要作者厄尔美国福特，从在亚特兰大的疾病Cig a re t te smoking is beli e v e d b y mo s t20 pe r c e nt.控 制 中 心 和pre v entionl,在一份声明中说。re s e a r ch w o rk ers in th is fie ld to be anThe
16、 proporti o n o f su b j e cts inth e highest ri这些发现是基于分析的数据来自13769个科目,20important factor in th e de v elopmen t o f cgro u p i n crea s ed w i th至79岁，参与了第三次全国健康和营养检查调查ancer of th e 1 ung s a n d cancer o f theg a g e,an d men w e re more 1 i k ely than从 198 8 到 19 9 4。thr o a t an d is believed t o
17、 b e rel a t e d t oworn e n to b e i n(hi s g r oup.2 By c o n i总体而言，百分 之82的成年人有一个小于百分之c ancer of some oth e r orga n s of the body.MaleoAa s t3,race or e t hnicity h ad li t tie effec t10的风险，百 分 之15有风险，下 跌10至 百 分 之2ci g arett e smokers h ave a high e r d e ath raten ris k d i s t ri b utions.0之 间，
18、百 分 之3有 百 分 之2 0以上的风险。from heart di s e a se thann o n -smokin g1 though the re p o r t s u g g e s t s t h a在高风险组的受试者的比例随着年龄的增长，男性male s.F e male smo k er sa r e t h ou g ht t otmo st adults h ave a low 1 0-yea r比女性更有也许是这一组中。2 contras t 3,种族 be le s s af f ec t e d b e c a us e they d oo f heart d
19、i se a s e,a large proport io n或种族的影响不大的风险分布。n ot b r e a the in the smok e so d e e ply.have a hi g h or i m m e d i a t e r isk4.Dr.虽然报告表白，大多数成年人都有较低的心脏病风A p art from s tatisti c s,it mig h t b eDanie 1S.Berman,f r om C e dars-S i n ai险1 0-年，大比例高或直接risk4，博 士 丹尼尔S.help f ul to Io o k at wh a t toba
20、c c o do e s toM e dical C e nte r i n L o s Angeles,a n d 伯曼，从雪松西奈医疗中心在洛杉矶，博士和弥敦 t h e huma n body.S moke is a mi x tur e of g asD r.Nathan D.Wong,f r om the U n iver s i t 博上王，来自加州大学欧文分校，在相关的编者按。e s,v ap o rize d chem icals,min u te par t i c 1y o f C ali f omia at Ir v ine,note i n ar ela te s of
21、 a sh and other s o 1 i ds.T here i s a 1 so n i c otine,w h ic h i s powe r ful poi s o 过滤嘴和焦油含量低的烟草被宣称使抽烟在某种限 n dri v in g w h ile a s leep.T he pat i e n tsn,an d black t a r.As smoke is b r eath e d in,a度上比较安全，但是它们只是略微减少危害，而不1 ater ha d no memory of d o i n g these act iI I thos e c o mponent s
22、from d e p o s i t son the m e mbr a nes of t h e 1 ungs.One po i nt of cone e ntrat i o n is w here t he a i r tub e and bro n chus divid e s.Mos t lung cancerbegins at t hi s p o i n t.Fi 1 t e rs and 1 o w tar t o bacco a r e c 1aimed to make s m okin g t o s ome e x tents a f er but t hey can on
23、 1 y sligh i 1 yredu c e,n ot eliminate th e hazards.吸烟自 193 9 以来，已经进行了大量的研究，以拟定是否吸烟危害健康。证据的趋势是一致的，表白存在严重的健康风险。研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表白，吸烟与人的预期寿命的缩短。吸烟是这个领域的大部分研究人员都认为在肺癌和喉癌的发展的重要因素，被认为是人体某些器官的癌症有关。抽烟的男性有较高的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的男性。女性吸烟者被认为是受影响较小，由于他们吸烟不那么深。除了记录之外，它也许有助于看烟草对人体有什么。烟雾是一种混合的气体，气化的化学物质，微小的灰和其他固体颗粒。也有尼古丁，这
24、是强大的毒药，黑色的焦油。当烟被吸入时，所有这些成分从沉淀在肺膜。集中的一点是气管和支气管分叉的地方。大部分肺癌开始于这一点。能消除。v ities w h i le asleep.Las t ye a r,a mem b er of the U n ite d Sta tes C o n gr e ss2 said he h a d a s 1 eep-drivin ginc i dent.P a trie k Kcnn e dy,a rep r e s ent ative from Rh o d e Island,3 cr a shed hiscar i nto a s e c urity
25、 b a rr i er n e a rthe bu i I d in g wher e 1 a wmaker s meet.The accident ha p p e n e d in(h e mi d d 1 eo f t he n i ght and no o n e was h u r t.MSome s le e p d r u g sd o m ore t han maker.Kenned y sa i d he had e arlier t a k en ayou sleepThe Unit e d Sta t e s Food and Dru g Ad min i strati
26、on 1 has orde r e d c o mpa n ie s to p lace s t rong n e w w a r nings o n thi rteen dru g s t hat t r e a t s I e ep disorders.Italso o r d e re d t he makers o f the sle e pin g pil I s to pro vide i n format io n fo r patient s expl a inin g h o w to safe 1 y u s e thedrugs.La s t W e d n esda y
27、,t he FDA announ c ed t h at s om e o f thes e d rug s can h a ve unexpec t ed a n d dangerous e f f ects.The s einclude th e ri s k of 1 ife-th r ea t en i n g a 1 1e rgic react i o n s.They also i nc 1 ude r areincid e nts of strange behav i or.Th e s e i nclude p eopl e co o king f o o d,ea ting
28、and e ves leep medicine.He sa i d he wa s a 1 so being t r e ate d wit h a s t omac h sicknes s dru g tha t can c ause s leep i ness.The F o o d and Dru g Administr a i i on d id no t say in i t s an n ou n cemen t ho w manyc ases o f sleep-dri v i ng i t h a s document ed.Howev e r,the Ne w Yo r k
29、T ime s 4 r e por ted 1 a st y e a r a b out peop 1 e w h o s ai d t he y had s t ra n ge sleep e v ents a fter taking th e dr u g Ambi e n.S o m e re por t ed s 1 ee p-drivi n g and sleep-w a I k i ng.0 ther s sa id t h e y foun d e v id e nc e after wa k i ngin th e mo r ning tha t th e y had cook
30、 e d fo od or e aten in t h e i r s lee p.But theyhad no m e mory o f c ar r ying o ut the a c tivit i es.A F o o d an d Drug Adm i n i st r aUon of f i cial say s th a t t hese s erious sid e ef fect s of s 1 eep d isord e r d r u gs appear t obe r a re.B ut,he also s a i d t he r e a re p r ob a b
31、ly more ca s e s t h a n a r e r ep o r t e d.5 He s a i d th e a ge n c y b e 1ieves the r i s k of such b e h a v iors c o ul d be reduc e d i f people take t h e d r ugs asdir e c t e d an d do n o t d rin k al c oho 1 wh ile ta k i n g the drugs.Th e Food and Drug Ad ministr a tion ha s advis e
32、d d rug compa n iest o c a r ry o ut studi e s t o inv e stigate thep r oblem.一些睡眠药物不只使你的睡眠美国食品和药物ad minis t r a t io n l已经命令公司在十三种治疗睡眠障碍发生新的强烈的警告。还规定安眠药生产商为病人提供信息，解释如何安全使用药物。上周二,FDA宣布这些药物也许故意外的危险的影响。这些涉及危及生命的过敏性反映。他们涉及奇怪的行为。这些人们做饭，吃饭其至在开车时睡着T o之后病人没有记忆他做了些什么。去年,美国的一个成员c ongress2说 他 有 个睡眠驾车事件。帕特里克甘乃
33、迪，来自罗得岛的代表,3把车撞到立法会大楼附近的一个安全屏障。事故发生在半夜，没有人受伤。甘乃迪先生说他曾服用了安眠药。他还说他正在胃痛的药会导致睡眠的治疗。美国食品和药物管理局的公告中没有说有多少睡眠驾车事件是有记录的。然而，纽约4去年报导了一些人说他们吃过药后有奇怪的睡眠事件。一些报道的睡眠驾驶和步行。有人说早上醒来后，他们曾经在睡梦中做饭或者吃他们发现的证据。但他们没有记忆开展活动。食品和药物管理局官员说，这些睡眠障碍的药物出现严重的副作用是罕见的。但是，他也说也许会有比报道的要多。5他说，该机构认为这种行为的风险是假如人们按照指示来服用药物，并且在服药期间不饮酒，减少。美国食品与药品管
34、理局建议药物公司进行研究探讨的问题。Dan g e rs A wait Ba b ies w i th AltitudeWomen who live i n t h e w o rid s highest c o mmunitie s t end to give birth t o u nde r-w e i ghl babie s,a n e w s t udy s ug gests.These babi e s m a y g row into adults wit h a hi g h r isk o f h e art disea s e and s t r o ke s.1R e s
35、 e ar c h h a s hi n ted that n e wbom s in mountain c o mmunit i e s ar e 1 i ght e rthan a v e r a ge.Bu t it wasnJ t c 1 e ar w he t her t his is due to r e du c ed oxy g e n leve1 s at h ig h alti t ude o r be c au s e th e irmo t he r s a r e un d e r-nou r is h ed-man y p eople w ho live a t h
36、i g h altit u d e sa re r e la t ive 1 y poor compare d with th o seTh f i n d o u t m o r e,Din o Giu s sanian d his t eam at Cainbri d ge U ni v e r sit ystu d i ed t he reco r ds o f 4(X)births in B o 1ivia during 1997 and 19 9 8.The b ab i es w er e bom in b o th rich and p oor a reas of two c i
37、 ties:La Paz an d Santa Cr u z.La Paz i s t h e h igh e st city i n t h e worl d,a(3.65 kilom e ters above sea le v e 1 ,wh i leS a n ta C ru z is m u c h 1 ower,at 0.4 4kilometer s.S u re eno u gh,Gi u ssani f ound th a t th e a v er a g eb i rth w eight o f b a b ie s i n L a P azwas s i g n iGca
38、n t ly 1 o we r th a n i n San ta C r u z.This was t rue in both h i g hand I o w-i n c ome f am i 1 i e s.Ev e n ba b i e s b o m t o poo r f a mi lies i n San t a Cru z we r e heavi e r on a v erage th a n ba bies b or n t o wea 1 thy f a mil i es in1 o f ty La Paz.We were very s urpr i sed byt h
39、i s r e s u 1 t,“s ay s G i u s sani.T he r esul t s sugg e s t t h a t ba b ies bo rn at h ig h a 1 tit u d e ar e depriv e d of 2oxyg e n b e fore b ir t h.This may t rigge rt h e rele a s e o r s uppr e ss i o n of h or mo n e s tha t r eg u 1 a te growth of the u nb o r n c h i 1 d.3 says G iuss
40、 a ni Hilivin g lower d ow n.te a m also fb u nd tha t h igh-a 1 titudebabies tend e d to h ave rel a t i vel y 1 a rger 海 拔3.6 5千米，而圣克鲁斯要低得多，在0.44公U n it e d Na t io n s.The Se n a t e must stillhea d s compa r e d w i t h the i r b o d i es4.里。app r ove(h e treat y be f o r e the US c an imThis i
41、s p robably bee a u s e a f e t u s 果然，吉萨尼发现帕兹的新生儿的平均出生体重明 pleme n t i t s provisions.2A T h e FCTCsta r ved of oxy g en will s end ox y genat e d 显低于圣克鲁斯。这在高和低收入家庭是真的。即 was deve lo p e d by t he World Health O rganizabkxxl t o t h e brai n in prefer e n c e to t he 使是婴儿，BOM的贫穷家庭平均比圣克鲁斯更富t ion a nd
42、a p p ro ved b y m e mb e rs of trest ofth e body5.有家庭的崇高拉巴斯出世婴儿。“我们对这个结果感he W orld He a 1 th Assemb I y,i n c ludingGi u ssani w a n t s t o fi n d o u t if su c h到吃惊，说:节。t he U n it e d St a t es,la s t y e ar.C o u ntribab i e s ha v e a h i gher ris k o f d i sease 结果表白，在高海拔地区的婴儿出世了 2氧出生前。e s th
43、at r a ti f y i t wou 1 d be re q u ired toi n la t e r life.People bo r n i n La P a z“这也许会触发释放或调节的未出生的孩子的生长enact stri c t t o bacco con t r o 1 po 1mig h t be pro n e to h e a rl t r ou b le i n a激素克制。3”吉萨尼说。icies3 For inst a nee,cigaret t es s old ind ult h ood,for e x amp 1 e.L ow birt h we i gh
44、t is 他的团队还发现高海拔的婴儿通常有相对较大的头 h os e c o un t ries w o u Id hav e to h ave heaa ris k f a c to rfo r coron a ry h e ar t d 与他们 相 比bod i e s*这也许是由于一个缺少氧的1 th warn i ngs on a t leas t 3 0%o f ih e fronti sease.And newborn s w ith a high rat i o of 胚胎会把充氧的血液输送到偏好的bo d y5其余大 and ba c k of eve r y p ac k.T
45、he t r eaty callh ead size to b o d y weight ar e o ften predi脑。f o r hi g h e r to b a cco t a xes,r eposed to h igh b lo o d pres s ur e a nd s trok e 吉萨尼想知道婴儿在此后的生活中疾病的风险较 i ctions o n sm o ki n g in public p 1 aces,ai n later life.高。出世在拉巴斯的人也许倾向于在成年心脏病,n dmore p r omotion of tobacco pre v e n t
46、i on a危险等待宝宝的高度例如。低出生体重是冠心病的一个危险因素。与高ndc e s s a t i o n p rogram s.It a Iso r e q u人活在世界上最高的社区往往生下体重局限性的婴比例的头部身体的新生儿在此后的生活中通常高血ires bans on to b ac c o a d v e rt i s i ng,thou儿的妇女，一项新的研究表白。这些婴儿在长大成人压和中风。ght h ere a re s o me e x ce p t io n s for后得心脏病和中风的风险。1US S i g n s G lobal Toba c coT rea t y
47、ou n tri e s lik e t he Un i ted S t ates,where the研究暗示在山区出生的新生儿比平均。但是还不清1 T h e Unit e d Sta t es has t a k e n the f iCo n s t i t utio n p rohibi t s s uch a n o u楚这是由于在高海拔或氧气,母亲的营养比住在低r s t st e p towa r d a p provin ga global tt ri g h t b a n.4A The i inpa c t of the tr e处的许多住在高海拔地方的人相对贫穷。obac
48、co treaty t hat pr o m i s e st o h e 1 paty c o ukl be h u ge.T he W o rid Healt h 0为了 了解更多,迪诺吉萨尼和他在剑桥大学的小组 control the de a d 1 y efife c t s o f tobacco u rga n i z a t ion e s tima t e s tha t tobac c o us e研究了 400个新生儿的记录在玻利维亚在19 9 7和se t h roug h ou t the world.Health and H umankills n ear 1 y
49、5 milli o n people worldwideI 9 9 8,婴儿诞生在两个城市的富有和贫困地区:Senr ic e s S e creta r y T ommy Th o mpson s eve r y yea r.In the US a I o ne,abo u t 44 0,00拉巴斯和圣克鲁斯。拉巴斯是世界上最高的城市,igne d(he F r amework Con ve n(ion on To b0 pe o pl e die e ach year f ro m tobacco-r eacco C o ntrol(F C TC)t h i s wee k at t h
50、e lated il 1 ne s ses;ab o ut on e-th i rd o f a II ca n c ers in th e U S are ca u s e d by tobacc o use.If curr e n t t r e nd s continu e,WH 0estimates,b y 2025 tob acc o will k i 1 1 1 0 mi Ilion people eac h year.5 The trea t y m u st be r a t i f i e d by a tleast40count r ies be f o re it can