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1、断句技巧1断断句句技技巧巧一、理解要准确一、理解要准确二、断句要准确二、断句要准确三、主语要选准三、主语要选准四、主语的选择四、主语的选择五、重组要全面五、重组要全面2一、理解要准确一、理解要准确正确理解原文是正确翻译的关键。如何正确理解原文所传达的内容信息，正确理解原文是正确翻译的关键。如何正确理解原文所传达的内容信息，始终是汉译英过程中要首先考虑的问题，要求译者要充分理解原文，有时始终是汉译英过程中要首先考虑的问题，要求译者要充分理解原文，有时必须是深刻地理解原文。因此必须是深刻地理解原文。因此“断句断句”可以看作是原文梳理地继续。可以看作是原文梳理地继续。3我们将努力开发利用国际，国内两
2、种资源，两个市场，加快转变经济发展方式，坚持我们将努力开发利用国际，国内两种资源，两个市场，加快转变经济发展方式，坚持走具有中国特色的新型的工业化道路。走具有中国特色的新型的工业化道路。We will make use of domestic and international resources and markets,we We will make use of domestic and international resources and markets,we should speed up the change of economic development mode,we shou
3、ld stick should speed up the change of economic development mode,we should stick to the new way of industrialization with Chinese characteristics.to the new way of industrialization with Chinese characteristics.We will spare little effort in utilizing resources and markets both at We will spare litt
4、le effort in utilizing resources and markets both at home and overseas,in accelerating the switching of our development home and overseas,in accelerating the switching of our development patterns,and in taking our own way of industrialization with Chinese patterns,and in taking our own way of indust
5、rialization with Chinese characteristics.characteristics.4二、断句要准确二、断句要准确“断句断句”可以看作是原文梳理地继续。做到这一步的关键在于恰当断句。也可以看作是原文梳理地继续。做到这一步的关键在于恰当断句。也就是确保准确和完整地理解原文的含义，在此前提下进入表达阶段。断句后就是确保准确和完整地理解原文的含义，在此前提下进入表达阶段。断句后决定着成文后的英文句子或者篇章重心何在，是否走题，译文文字是否更容决定着成文后的英文句子或者篇章重心何在，是否走题，译文文字是否更容易做到连贯和协调。在翻译中不要拘泥于原文的句型结构，词语顺序以及
6、词易做到连贯和协调。在翻译中不要拘泥于原文的句型结构，词语顺序以及词语的表面词义，全面深入地分析原文的逻辑内在关系，充分理解字里行间隐语的表面词义，全面深入地分析原文的逻辑内在关系，充分理解字里行间隐藏的含义，这样才有可能做好准确的翻译，因此准确断句是正确理解的实现。藏的含义，这样才有可能做好准确的翻译，因此准确断句是正确理解的实现。5这些邮件将由北京大兴航油基地装发行邮专列发往全国各地。这些邮件将由北京大兴航油基地装发行邮专列发往全国各地。These mails packaged by Beijing Daxing Post will be sent to These mails packa
7、ged by Beijing Daxing Post will be sent to everywhere by Post Train.everywhere by Post Train.Mail bags are to be transported to other parts of the country from Mail bags are to be transported to other parts of the country from the Post Base in Daxing,Beijing,in postal trains.the Post Base in Daxing,
8、Beijing,in postal trains.6由于工厂人数多，因此员工以实际所领底薪购买社会保险需要分批次改善，现在由于工厂人数多，因此员工以实际所领底薪购买社会保险需要分批次改善，现在已经有部分员工以实际所领底薪购买社会保险。已经有部分员工以实际所领底薪购买社会保险。Due to large numbers of workers,so it need improve step by step to Due to large numbers of workers,so it need improve step by step to conduct all workers cover in
9、surance based on real wage as some workers conduct all workers cover insurance based on real wage as some workers are doing now.are doing now.Due to large numbers of workers,it is necessary to divide them into Due to large numbers of workers,it is necessary to divide them into groups when insurance
10、is to be purchased.The amount of social groups when insurance is to be purchased.The amount of social security insurance will be based on the actual basic monthly salary security insurance will be based on the actual basic monthly salary each individual workers is paid.The purchasing process is now
11、in each individual workers is paid.The purchasing process is now in progress.progress.7中国积极承接国际产业转移，大力开加工贸易，促进了产业结构优化升级。中国积极承接国际产业转移，大力开加工贸易，促进了产业结构优化升级。China accepts actively international transfer,has vigorously developed China accepts actively international transfer,has vigorously developed proce
12、ssing trade,and promoted the upgrading of industrial structure.processing trade,and promoted the upgrading of industrial structure.China has accepted the inbound transfer to transnational production China has accepted the inbound transfer to transnational production facilities and made headways in p
13、rocessing trade,which helped to facilities and made headways in processing trade,which helped to optimize the domestic industrial structure.optimize the domestic industrial structure.8大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流9三、主语要选准三、主语要选准准确断句之后，下一个关键步骤就是选
14、择译文的主语。英语中的主语可以是名准确断句之后，下一个关键步骤就是选择译文的主语。英语中的主语可以是名词，代词，名词性短语，从句及别的结构，可以融主题，已知信息施事于一体，词，代词，名词性短语，从句及别的结构，可以融主题，已知信息施事于一体，所以汉译英时要首先确立英语句子的主语。主语一旦确定，采用哪种句型也就所以汉译英时要首先确立英语句子的主语。主语一旦确定，采用哪种句型也就落实了，谓语及其变化形式就安排好了，全句的翻译也就可望顺利进行。一句落实了，谓语及其变化形式就安排好了，全句的翻译也就可望顺利进行。一句或长或短的汉语，在什么地方断句才最便于译成英文，这是从无形的理解到有或长或短的汉语，在
15、什么地方断句才最便于译成英文，这是从无形的理解到有形的物化表达至关重要的一步。形的物化表达至关重要的一步。10前提条件之一是，在上次安装调试运行中未发现重大的设备质量问题或已有有效前提条件之一是，在上次安装调试运行中未发现重大的设备质量问题或已有有效的改进措施。的改进措施。One of the the premise condition is there are no main quality defect One of the the premise condition is there are no main quality defect in the former erection,an
16、d operation,or have taken effective in the former erection,and operation,or have taken effective measures to correct it.measures to correct it.One of the preconditions shall be that no major quality problems were One of the preconditions shall be that no major quality problems were discovered with t
17、he equipment during the previous installation and discovered with the equipment during the previous installation and trial operation or that,if any,effective measures were taken to trial operation or that,if any,effective measures were taken to correct them.correct them.11四、主语的选择四、主语的选择汉语突出的是述题，而英语突
18、出的是主语，除少量的省略句外，每个句子都必汉语突出的是述题，而英语突出的是主语，除少量的省略句外，每个句子都必须有主语，这一对比度极大的差异主要体现在汉译英时主语的选择上。选择译须有主语，这一对比度极大的差异主要体现在汉译英时主语的选择上。选择译文句子的主语可有多种方式，下面主要从沿用原主语，改选主语，增补主语，文句子的主语可有多种方式，下面主要从沿用原主语，改选主语，增补主语，信息重心主语，主语选择多样化几方面展开论述。这些方法并不互相排斥，实信息重心主语，主语选择多样化几方面展开论述。这些方法并不互相排斥，实际翻译中最好能保持一种开放的思路，灵活地运用。际翻译中最好能保持一种开放的思路，灵
19、活地运用。12（一）沿用原主语（一）沿用原主语根据原文的主语确定译文的主语称为直接对译，是指采用汉语原文句子的主根据原文的主语确定译文的主语称为直接对译，是指采用汉语原文句子的主语作为英语译文的主语。相对比例的结构较为简单的句子皆可直译。因此能语作为英语译文的主语。相对比例的结构较为简单的句子皆可直译。因此能够照词直译的句子在主语的选择中并非难点，所以便无需举例。够照词直译的句子在主语的选择中并非难点，所以便无需举例。13（二）改选主语（二）改选主语改选主语是指汉语句子中的主语不能或者不宜直译为英语句子的主语，字面上改选主语是指汉语句子中的主语不能或者不宜直译为英语句子的主语，字面上没有但在含
20、义上有，需要根据句子的含义转换句子的成分，另找一个词语做主没有但在含义上有，需要根据句子的含义转换句子的成分，另找一个词语做主语。若依原文主语直译则不合英语表达习惯。从归化的角度看，有利于归化译语。若依原文主语直译则不合英语表达习惯。从归化的角度看，有利于归化译法的解决办法往往是改选主语。法的解决办法往往是改选主语。14中国近年来在国际文化方面的巨大跨越，不仅使中国与国际全面接轨，独创的成就中国近年来在国际文化方面的巨大跨越，不仅使中国与国际全面接轨，独创的成就和独特的文化，更令世界为之折服。和独特的文化，更令世界为之折服。劣：劣：China made great stride in glob
21、alization in recent years,not only China made great stride in globalization in recent years,not only connecting China with the world pletely,but also having conquered the connecting China with the world pletely,but also having conquered the world with unparalleled achievements and unique culture.wor
22、ld with unparalleled achievements and unique culture.优：优：The enormous success in globalization achieved in China has aligned The enormous success in globalization achieved in China has aligned the country with the practice of the world munity,meanwhile amazed the the country with the practice of the
23、 world munity,meanwhile amazed the global village with its own unique culture and unparalleled global village with its own unique culture and unparalleled achievements.achievements.15（三）补充主语（三）补充主语汉语突出的是主题，主语并不重要。说话者省略了主语，听话者从语境中仍然能够汉语突出的是主题，主语并不重要。说话者省略了主语，听话者从语境中仍然能够领悟到被省略的内容。而英文句子高度领悟到被省略的内容。而英文句
24、子高度“形合形合”，句子成分必须齐全，不能没有主，句子成分必须齐全，不能没有主语。因此汉译英时要根据上下文，在考虑原文信息的情况下把汉语原文中隐藏的或语。因此汉译英时要根据上下文，在考虑原文信息的情况下把汉语原文中隐藏的或省略的主语成分写出来。省略的主语成分写出来。16投资基金时坚持中长期的投资思路，要考虑专业投资管理能力，业绩增长稳定以及基投资基金时坚持中长期的投资思路，要考虑专业投资管理能力，业绩增长稳定以及基金管理公司的综合实力和优势等。金管理公司的综合实力和优势等。For fund investment,investors should stick to the principle o
25、f medium and For fund investment,investors should stick to the principle of medium and long-term investment,consider key factors such as professional investment long-term investment,consider key factors such as professional investment manage capability,performance increase stability,and the overall
26、manage capability,performance increase stability,and the overall petitiveness of the fund manage pany.petitiveness of the fund manage pany.17（四）信息重心主语（四）信息重心主语汉语有一个汉语有一个“尾重尾重”的特点，汉语原文中经常有一些十分重要的信息却出现在括的特点，汉语原文中经常有一些十分重要的信息却出现在括号之中。对于这种情况汉译英时应当加以语序调整，并将其提取出来构成译文的号之中。对于这种情况汉译英时应当加以语序调整，并将其提取出来构成译文的主题信
27、息。主题信息。18每年工厂会免费发放厂服给员工（夏季厂服两件，秋季厂服两件）。每年工厂会免费发放厂服给员工（夏季厂服两件，秋季厂服两件）。The factory provides for free uniforms for the workers every year(2 The factory provides for free uniforms for the workers every year(2 summer uniforms and 2 autumn uniforms).summer uniforms and 2 autumn uniforms).Two summer unifor
28、ms and two autumn uniforms are provided for free Two summer uniforms and two autumn uniforms are provided for free annually to every worker.annually to every worker.19（五）主语选择多样化（五）主语选择多样化句子的表现形式多样，翻译方法也多种多样，即使同一个句子也可以有不同的译法。句子的表现形式多样，翻译方法也多种多样，即使同一个句子也可以有不同的译法。20公司与盒饭厂有合同，明确规定饭菜份量，标准份量讲公布张贴。公司与盒饭厂有合
29、同，明确规定饭菜份量，标准份量讲公布张贴。The pany has a contracted lunch provider,with food quality and The pany has a contracted lunch provider,with food quality and quantity detailed in the contract.The details shall be displayed on quantity detailed in the contract.The details shall be displayed on the notice board.
30、the notice board.A contract has been signed between the pany and a lunch provider,and A contract has been signed between the pany and a lunch provider,and quantity detailed in the contract.he details shall be displayed on quantity detailed in the contract.he details shall be displayed on the notice
31、board.the notice board.21中国旅游市场潜力不断增长，不仅对于欧洲国家来说有利可图，而且对全世界也是中国旅游市场潜力不断增长，不仅对于欧洲国家来说有利可图，而且对全世界也是这样。这样。The growing potential of Chinas tourism market is most lucrative not The growing potential of Chinas tourism market is most lucrative not only to European countries but also to the rest of the worl
32、d.only to European countries but also to the rest of the world.The potential of Chinas market keeps growing,which is most lucrative The potential of Chinas market keeps growing,which is most lucrative for both European countries and the rest of the world.for both European countries and the rest of t
33、he world.22五、重组要全面五、重组要全面本节所讲实际上是本节所讲实际上是“断句断句”方法的应用。前面讲过译文中各句主语频频换马，会影方法的应用。前面讲过译文中各句主语频频换马，会影响到整句甚至整段文字本的统一性和连贯性。正确理解原文并断句后要能用英语文响到整句甚至整段文字本的统一性和连贯性。正确理解原文并断句后要能用英语文字正确地表达出来；假如表达不够准确或者不完整，或者译文有违英语语法或者用字正确地表达出来；假如表达不够准确或者不完整，或者译文有违英语语法或者用词不当，则翻译工作仍然没有尽职。英语是一种词不当，则翻译工作仍然没有尽职。英语是一种“形合形合”的语言，译文对句型有重的语
34、言，译文对句型有重组后，应当组后，应当“瞻前顾后瞻前顾后”，把波及的其他地方也要加以理顺。，把波及的其他地方也要加以理顺。23从从19941994年开始，中国大陆吸引外资的数量仅次于美国位居世界第二，成为世界上年开始，中国大陆吸引外资的数量仅次于美国位居世界第二，成为世界上吸收外商直接投资最多的发展中国家。吸收外商直接投资最多的发展中国家。Since 1994,the amount of foreign investment China has attracted has Since 1994,the amount of foreign investment China has attract
35、ed has ranked second in the world,just after America,be ing the developing ranked second in the world,just after America,be ing the developing country attracting the most foreign direct investment in the world.country attracting the most foreign direct investment in the world.Since 1994,the amount o
36、f foreign investment China has attracted has Since 1994,the amount of foreign investment China has attracted has ranked second in the world trailing America,making China the only ranked second in the world trailing America,making China the only country that lures the most foreign direct investment among the country that lures the most foreign direct investment among the developing countries.developing countries.24