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1、汽车专业英语Unit 1 Overview of Vehicle第一单元 车辆概述 1-1 The Shape and Size of Vehicle 汽车的外形和尺寸vA-overall length,total length 总长 vehicle length 车长vB-overall width,total width 总宽 vehicle width 车宽vC-unload height 空载高度，无装载质量高度 vehicle height 车高vD-front overhang 前悬vE-WB=wheel base 或axle base 轴距vF-rear overhang 后悬v
2、G-ground clearance 最小离地间隙vHI-track,tread/tread width/wheel trackvH-front track/track front 前轮距vI-rear track/track rear 后轮距vJ-approach angle/angle of incidence 接近角vK-departure angle/angle of parture，rear overhang angle 离去角vL-loading height 装载高度vM-maximum length of chassis frame behind cab 驾驶室后车架最大可用长
3、度vN-cargo body height 货箱高度vO-interior cargo body width 货箱内宽度vP-cargo body width 货箱宽度vR-interior cargo body length 货箱内长度轮距阅读材料Identify and Measure the WheelbasevThe wheelbase is the distance between the center of the front wheel and the center of the rear wheel and is normally the same on both sides
4、of the vehicle.Some vehicles may have different wheelbase easurements from left to right.Before you take the measurements,always check the manufacturers specifications.v vTwo other dimensions should be noted:the overall length of the vehicle.This is the distance between the front and rear extremitie
5、s.The second is the overall width of the vehicle.It is the distance from the extreme right side to the extreme left side of the vehicle,but not usually including the external mirrors.vThese measurements are particularly important for legislative purposes.A vehicles overall length and width can deter
6、mine the roads where it can legally operate.1-2 Passenger Car Types 乘用车类型vPC=pass.car=passenger car/PV=passenger vehicle 乘用车（指包括驾驶座在内不多于 9座、主要用作乘用的汽车）vA-saloon/sedan/saloon car (折背式车身)轿车 3-box sed 三厢式（车身）轿车，三厢式车身轿车 four door car 4门轿车vB-convertible(saloon,car）/cabriolet 活顶乘用车（轿车），敝篷车 convertible coup
7、e或2-door convertible 双门活顶乘用车（轿车）vB/C-sport car/sport,sports car 运动型车，跑车 sport coupe或 2-door sedan 双门跑车vC-GT car=grand touring car 高性能乘用车（轿车），GT车，高速旅游轿车vD-station wagon或WG=wagon,estate 旅行车vE-coupe或2-door sedan 双门乘用车（轿车）vF-PU=pickup或pickup car,pickup truck 客货两用车，皮卡，货车（按美国 规定，“皮卡”属轻型货车，但国内有的部门把它划入“乘用车”
8、）vG-SUV=sport utility vehicle 运动型多用途 车，多用途跑车 hatchback 舱直背式乘用车（轿车）vH-RV=recreational vehicle 休闲车休闲车vI-4-door hardtop saloon 4门硬门硬顶乘用车（轿车）顶乘用车（轿车）vJ-pillared hardtop saloon 无中无中（门）柱硬顶乘用车（轿车）（门）柱硬顶乘用车（轿车）vK-Pullman saloon sedan 或executive limousine 高级乘用车，高级轿车,房车vL-race car或sport car 赛车vM-MPV=multipurp
9、ose passenger vehicle 多用途乘用车 APV=all purpose vehicle 多功能车 one box vehicle 单厢式车辆阅读材料 Improvements in Passenger Cars vTodays sedans are very different from the models 10 years ago.The old ones had manual door locks and windows,no air conditioning and basic audio systems.In only ten years time,ordinary
10、 passenger cars have gained basic convenience features,advanced engine technologies and safety features.vDespite the added weight of new safety and convenience features,todays midsize cars outperform their predecessors.Engines are getting larger and have also gotten more efficient.vPerformance isnt
11、the only area where midsize cars are improving.Safety features like side curtain airbags,antilock brakes and electronic stability systems are installed in the cars.Electronic stability systems apply individual brakes when a vehicle begins to skid,in order to keep it under control.The majority of bes
12、t-selling sedans have power windows and door locks,a CD player and air conditioning.Luxury cars are typically built with higher standards than midsize cars,including the gap between panels in the interior.1-3 Commercial Vehicle Types商用车类型vCV=comm.Vehicle=commercial vehicle/commercial motor vehicle 商
13、用车vA-motor truck（lorry）或TRK=trk=truck 或lorry 货车，载货（汽）车，卡车vA1-LT=light(duty)truck或light lorry 轻型货车（目前产量最大的轻型货车是“皮卡”类）vB-ORV=off-road vehicle或O-H vehicle=off-highway vehicle/ATV=all-terrain vehicle或cross-country vehicle 越野车vB1-HMMWV=high mobility multi-purpose 高机动性多用途车辆，(俗称)悍马（主要 wheeled vehicle或Humme
14、r 装备于美军，20世纪90年代起也用作民用SUV车vC-delivery truck或delivery lorry 送货汽车，市区载货车vC1-delivery van或delivery wagon 厢式送货汽车vC2-low-bed flatbed truck（lorry）低台送货汽车vC3-high-bed flatbed truck 高台平地板货车 high-bed flatbed delivery truck 高台平地板送货车vD-truck train,或truck-trailer(combination,unit)/lorry-trailer(combination,unit)货
15、运列车，全挂汽车列车vD1-draw bar,tow bar 牵引杆vD2-full trailer或multi(ple)-axle trailer 全挂车 van trailer 厢式全挂车v）vE-semitrailer train（truck），articulated truck（lorry或road train）半挂货运列车vE1-semitrailer tractor（truck）或semitrailer towing vehicle fifth wheel tractor 半挂车牵引车vE2-STLR=stlr=semitrailer 半挂车vD2,E2-trailer 挂车vF-
16、bus 客车vF1-micro-bus,mini bus 微型客车，小客车vF2-standard public bus 标准型公共客车vF3-double-deck(er)bus,twin deck bus或double decker 双层公共客车vF4-articulated bus 铰接客车vF5-intercity bus或interurban bus或long-distance bus 长途客车vF6-touring coach或tourist bus或interurban coach 旅行客车,游览客车，观光客车vG-agricultural vehicle/agricultura
17、l tractor 农用车辆，农用拖拉机vH-dump (ing)truck或dumper或tipper 自卸车 heavy dump truck 重型自卸车 mining dump truck 矿用自卸车vH1-constructing dump truck 施工（建筑）用自车 阅读材料Definition of a Commercial Motor VehiclevA commercial motor vehicle can be defined as:vVehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating or gross combination weig
18、ht rating of 26,001 or more pounds vVehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers,including the driver vVehicle designed to transport 11 or more passengers,including the driver,and used to transport students under the age of twenty-one years old to and from school vVehicle of any size and used
19、 in the transportation of hazardous materials which is required to be placarded vThe term commercial motor vehicle will not include:vEmergency vehicles which are assigned or registered to a fire department or fire service organization when driven by fire service personnel in pursuit of fire service
20、purposes.vRecreational vehicles vMilitary vehicles when driven by non-civilian military personnel in pursuit of military purposes vVehicles used exclusively for agriculture and farming14 SPV Types=Special-purpose Vehicle Types 专用汽车类型vSPV=special(ity)vehicle，special-purpose vehicle 专用汽车vA-refuse truc
21、k或garbage truck 垃圾车 refuse collector（collecting truck）或garbage collector（removal truck）自装卸垃圾车vB-beverage truck 食品车vC-stake truck或box-stake truck 仓栅式汽车vD-tanker或tank truck 罐式车vE-van truck或box-type truck或box-body truck 厢式货车vF-wrecker truck或break down lorry 救援车vG-snow remover或snow sweeper 除雪车vH-school
22、bus 学生客车，学校客车（中、小学生用客车）vI-ready mix truck或concrete mixer或mobile(concrete)mixer 混凝土搅拌运输车vJ-MH=motorhome=mobile home 宿营车，旅居车vK-ambulance(car/van)或motor ambulance 救护车vL-crane truck,cranemobile 汽车起重机vM-container platform vehicle或container car 集装箱运输车vN-snowmobile 摩托雪橇 阅读材料What is a Special Purpose Vehicl
23、e?vThere are three kinds of SPVs:type P(plant),type T(truck)and type O(overmass).An SPV,vehicle must meet the following:v Primary purpose:the vehicle is not built to carry passengers or goods as its main purpose(e.g.a tractor or crane mobile).v Location of operation:the vehicle does not operate in a
24、 loaded capacity on a road(e.g.a cherrypicker).v Permanence of construction:the equipment related to the function of the vehicle cannot be removed without major mechanical alterations(e.g.a permanently fixed air compressor or mobile generator).vType P(plant)is a special purpose vehicle.It is primari
25、ly for off road use,for use on a road related area or on an area of road that is under construction or repair.Examples include agricultural tractors,self-propelled harvesters,bulldozers,backhoes,graders and front-end loaders.vType T(truck)is used on roads and has no axle or axle group loaded in exce
26、ss of the mass limits.These SPVs are built on a truck chassis and include cherry pickers and mounted concrete pumps.v Type O(overmass)is a special purpose vehicle on a truck chassis that is used on roads and has any axle or axle group in excess of the mass limits.Examples include mobile cranes and w
27、ell-boring plant.15 Clutch,Drive Shaft and Axles离合器、传动轴和车桥vA/B-FF=front engine front drive 前置发动机前轮驱动v FWD=front wheel drive 前轮驱动vA-front transverse engine with front wheel drive 前横置发动机前轮驱动vB-front longitudinal engine with front wheel drive 前纵置发动机前轮驱动v1-engine 发动机v2-transaxle 变速驱动桥v3-transmission 变速器
28、vC-FR=front engine(with)rear drive 前置发动机后轮驱动vC/D/E-RWD=rear wheel drive 后轮驱动vD-MERWD=mid-engine rear-wheel drive 中置发动机后轮驱动 ME=mid-engine 中置发动机vE-RE/RD=rear engine/rear drive 后置发动机后轮驱动 RE=rear engine,back engine 后置发动机阅读材料Drive Train LayoutvThe drive train can be classified as the following kinds by t
29、heir layout on a vehicle.v Front-wheel drive layoutv In front wheel drive vehicles the engine can be mounted transversely,or longitudinally.Drive reaches the front wheels through a transmission and final drive unit called a transaxle.vRear-wheel drive layoutv In a conventional rear wheel drive,engin
30、e and transmission are mounted longitudinally at the front.Drive is transmitted to a rear axle assembly by a propeller shaft.v Four-wheel drive layoutv Vehicles with part-time four wheel drive are designed for optional off road use.vFour wheel drive can be selected for abnormal surfaces and disconne
31、cted for normal road surfaces.vAll-wheel drive layoutv In this four-wheel drive vehicle,the engine and transmission are mounted longitudinally at the front.Propeller shafts transfer the drive from a transfer case on the rear of the transmission,to final drive units at front and rear.1-6 Vehicle Cert
32、ification Label汽车认证牌阅读材料 The VINv Vehicle Identification Numbers(VINs)are unique identification numbers on every car manufactured in many countries.It is a 17-digit numbers containing both numbers and letters.In this article,lets see the VIN used in the American cars.vThe VIN is affixed to every car
33、,truck or trailer made in the United States after 1981.No two cars built within 30 years of each other can have the same VIN.Most people use a VIN when they are thinking of purchasing a used car.For a fee,commercial services allow you to enter a VIN and see the records on that car in the Motor Vehic
34、le Records database.These records will show you how many owners the car has had,when it was last inspected,if it is a stolen car,or if it has ever gone through a major incident such as rolling over or been submerged in water.A VIN check can also reveal if the cars odometer has ever been rolled back,
35、or if it has reached the maximum miles on the gauge and rolled back over to zero.vVINs help deter car thieves,because they make it more difficult to resell the car.If someone checks the VIN,it will show that it the car was stolen,unless the thieves have altered it in some way.And it isnt especially difficult for car thieves to alter VINs.