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1、Chapter1OverviewIntheintroductorychapter“GettingStarted”,youlearnedabouttheWritingProcess.Inthischapter,youregoingtolookatthefirststageoftheWritingProcess:Plan.ObjectivesBytheendofthischapter,youllbeabletoplanyourwriting.Youlldothisbydeciding:*whyyouarewriting*howyouwantyourreadertorespond*whatyouwa
2、ntyourreadertoknow.TheWritingProcess:AQuickReviewDoyourememberthe5stagesoftheprocess?1.Planning:WhyDoItYoubegintheWritingProcessbyplanning.“ifyoufailtoplan,youplantofail.”Soyouneedtoplanyourwriting.andthenwriteaccordingtoyourplan.Ifyouplanwell,yourwritingismorelikelytogettheresultsyouwant.2.Planning
3、:HowtodoitHowcanyouplanyourwriting?Effectivewritersuse3strategies.*WHYareyouwriting?*WHATdoyouwantthereadertodo?*WHATdoesthereaderneedtoknow?These3questionsprovideagoodframeworkforplanning.3.Planning:The3StrategiesEachofthe3planningstrategieshasaname.3.1WritersPurposePLANNINGSTRATEGY#1Todeterminethe
4、writerspurpose,alwaysaskyourselfoneimportantquestion.WhyamIwritingthisletter?activityAcustomer,MrRoman,wrotealetterrequestingthathiscreditcardaccountnotbedebited.Simon,anHSBCcolleaguewhoislearningEnglish,wrotebacktoMrRoman.ReadSimonsletterbelow.WhydoyouthinkSimonwrotethisletter(writerspurpose)?MrRom
5、ansletterDearSirorMadamInotedyourchargeonmybillof$220fortheannualfeeofmyMasterCard.PleasenotethatIhaventpickeditupyetsinceIwasabroaduntilafewdaysago.Pleasedonotdebitmyaccount.YoursfaithfullySimonsletter20 September 200XMr Robert Roman13/F 151 Gloucester RdWan ChaiHong KongDear Mr RomanHSBC CREDIT CA
6、RD 5411 8001 7633 8766 Thank you for your letter dated 18 September 200X.We would advise that the card fee would be automatically billed to your card account annually despite your renewed card is remained uncollected.However,annual fee can be refunded provided that the card is uncollected within a c
7、ertain period and is returned to the Card Centre for cancellation.Please therefore pick up your renewed card at your earliest convenience.We are pleased to be of service.Yours sincerely S TSE Simon Tse Customer Service OfficerCard Centre QuestionWhatdoyouthinkSimonspurposewasinwritingtoMrRoman?To th
8、ank him for his letterTo explain how annual fees for credit cards are chargedTo offer helpTo ask Mr Roman to collect his credit cardTo inform Mr Roman of his credit card numberAnswerTo explain how annual fees for credit cards are chargedTo ask Mr Roman to collect his credit cardAnalysisDidyoufinditd
9、ifficulttoidentifySimonspurposeforwriting?2thingsSimonprobablywantedtodotwothings:toaskMrRomantocollecthiscreditcardandtoexplainhowtheannualfeeforcreditcardsischarged.Whatdoesthisshowabouttheimportanceofstatingthewriterspurpose?Yourreadersneedtoknowwhyyouarewritingtothem.Therefore,youshouldstateyour
10、purposeforwritingveryclearlyatthebeginning.Youcandothisbywritingasentencewhichbeginswithasetphrasefollowedbyaverb.DiagramWhenyouusethismethodtostateyourpurpose,theverbyouchooseisveryimportant.Why?Becauseithelpsyourreaderunderstandwhyyouarewriting.whichverbscanyouusetostateyourpurpose?Intheboxbelowar
11、e12verbs.Youcanuse9ofthemtoindicatewhyyouarewriting.3.2ReadersResponsePLANNING STRATEGY#2:READERS RESPONSETodeterminethereadersresponse,youneedtoaskyourselfanotherimportantquestion.What would I like my reader to do?ActivityLookatSimonslettertoMrRomanagain.WhatdoyouthinkSimonwantedhisreadertodo?Thank
12、 him for writingReturn his card to the card centreCollect his credit cardContinue using the serviceUnderstand how annual fees for credit cards are chargedExerciseInhislettertoMrRoman,Simonwasnotveryspecific.HetoldMrRomanwhattodo.Hewrote:Please therefore pick up your renewed card at your earliest con
13、venience.Try to rewrite Simons sentence so that Mr Roman knows exactly what to do.AnswerPlease pick up your new card at our Central branch by 31 May.Remember:whenyoudecidewhatyouwantyourreadertodo,youneedtobeasspecificaspossible.3.3ReadersInformationPLANNING STRATEGY#3:READERS INFORMATIONTodetermine
14、thereadersinformation,alwaysaskyourselfanimportantquestion.What does my reader need to know?How can you decide what your reader needs to know?Theanswerdependson:*whyyouarewritingand*whatyouwantthereadertodo.Inotherwords,thewriters purposeandreadersresponsedeterminethereaders information.Readers resp
15、onseTodeterminewhatMrRomanneedstoknow,youneedtorefertothewriterspurposeandreadersresponse.So.IfSimonwrote(writerspurpose)*toaskMrRomantocollecthiscardand*toexplainthechargesQuestionandifSimonexpectedMrRoman(readersresponse)*tocollecthiscreditcardand*tounderstandthecharges,whatinformationdoesMrRomann
16、eedtoknow?Readers InformationIFSimon*wantstoexplainthecharges(writerspurpose)*expectsMrRomantounderstandthecharges(readersresponse)THENMrRomanneedstoknow(readersinformation)*WHATthechargesare*WHYthechargesareapplied*WHOtotalktoifhehasquestionsIFSimon*wantstoaskMrRomantocollecthiscreditcard(writerspu
17、rpose)*expectsMrRomantocollecthiscreditcard(readersresponse)THENMrRomanneedstoknow(readersinformation)*HOWtocollecthiscreditcard*WHEREtocollecthiscreditcard*WHENtocollecthiscreditcard“5WIH”HeneedstoknowWHO?WHAT?WHY?WHERE?WHEN?and HOW?Youcanusethe“5WIH”questionswhenyouplanthereadersinformation.Ifyoud
18、othis,youwillensurethatyourreaderhasallthenecessaryinformation.SummaryInthischapter,youvelearnedthethreestrategiesusedinplanning.Planningisakeytosuccessinwriting.“Ifyoufailtoplan,youplantofail.”Beforeyoustarttowrite,youhavetoplanwhattowrite.Youthenwriteaccordingtoyourplan.PlanWhenyouplan,youneedtoco
19、nsiderthefollowing:*thewriterspurpose*thereadersresponse*thereadersinformation.Inotherwords,youcanhelpyourreaderbystatingveryclearlywhyyouarewritingandhowyouexpectyourreadertorespond.The5W1Hquestions(who,what,why,where,whenandhow)helptoensureyouhaveincludedallthenecessaryinformation.Then,youcanprovi
20、detheinformationyourreaderneedstoknow.SummaryExerciseAnHSBCtrainerrecentlywrotethememobelow.Canyouworkoutwhatthewriterspurpose,readersresponseandreadersinformationwere?memo The HSBC GroupTo:ManagerMongkokOfficeFrom:LanguageTrainingOfficerTNGAPHSubject:WrittenCommunication-StaffOfficers9August200XCon
21、tentsDavidChengPleasenotethatyournominee,DavidCheng,hasbeenselectedtoattendWrittenCommunicationforStaffOfficers.Thetablebelowprovidesdetailsaboutthecourse.tableDate29AUG200X,30AUG200X&05SEP200XTime9:00am-5:30pmVenueRoom702(7/F)TNGAPH673NathanRoad,MongkokTrainerJohnLauContentsSeeattachedcoursedescrip
22、tionThereareseveralthingsyoucandotohelpDavidwiththislearningexperience.Beforethecourse,wouldyoupleasepassthismemotoDavidandaskhimto-Readtheenclosedcoursedescription-Identifyspecificlearninggoalswithyou.Afterthecourse,pleasespeakwithDavidagaintodiscusshowhecantransferwhathelearnedtotheworkplace.IfDav
23、idisunabletoattendthiscourse,pleasecallDorothyHungon2398-4111by22August200X.Thankyou.RMarshRuthMarshTrainingOfficerTNGLanguageTrainingSuggestedAnswerWritersPurpose:Toinformthesupervisorthatamemberofthestaffwasselectedforthecourse.ReadersResponse:-Tobriefthestaffmemberbeforeandaftertheyattendthecours
24、e-Tocallifthestaffmembercannotattendthecourse.ReadersInformation:-Thedetailsofthecourse:date,time,place,etc.AnswerPlanningaletterinvolvesthreedecisions.Youdecide:*Whyyouarewriting(writerspurpose)*Whatyouwantyourreadertodo(readersresponse)*Whatyourreaderneedstoknow(readersinformation).Inthenextchapter,youlllookatthenextstageoftheWritingProcess:Organise.