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1、英语句子成分英语句子成分Office of WPSOffice of WPSProfessor Laura Amrkhoul,2012Professor Laura Amrkhoul,2012英语的英语的 5 种基本句型种基本句型一、主语一、主语+谓语谓语二、主语二、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语三、主语三、主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 I give him a book.四、主语四、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 I want you to go with me.五、五、主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 It smells good.She is a teac
2、her.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语英语的英语的 8 大句子成分大句子成分主语：subject谓语：predicate宾语：object direct object (直接宾语)indirect object (间接宾语）定语：attributive状语：adverbial补语：object complement表语：predicative同位语：appositive主语、谓语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语subject predicateobjectdirect object (直接宾语)indirect object (间接宾语）The pretty girl si
3、ngs songs on the stage every Sunday.Mum bought my sister a present.The sun gives us light and warmth.主语主语谓语谓语 宾语宾语间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语表语表语表语表语predicative定义：系动词后面的成分叫作表语。定义：系动词后面的成分叫作表语。一、状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。He is a teacher.These desks are yellow.I am all right.We are happy now.二、持续系动词用
4、来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,stand。He always kept silent at meeting.This matter remains a mystery.I cant stay awake any longer.The house stands empty for a long time.三、表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look。He looks tired.He seems(to be)very sad.四、感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste。This k
5、ind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.五、变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。He became mad after that.She grew rich within a short time.六、终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达“证实”“变成”之意。The rumor proved false.The search proved difficult.His plan turned
6、 out a success.同位语同位语同位语同位语appositiveMr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers.He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.定语定语定语定语attributive一、介词短语定语一、介词短语定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen
7、 of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.二、形容词定语所有的形容词，只要后面加名词，都是定语。She is a beautiful girl.You are all hard-working students.三、名词定语The boy needs a ball pen.The woman doctor is my mother.四、副词定语The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.Read the paragraph below
8、.We had to get off and take the bus behind.五、不定式定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.There is nothing to do today.He is the best man to do the job.六、分词定语The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.They built a highway leading into the
9、 mountains.The swimming pool is over there.七、定语从句I like the book that/which Tom is reading.Henry is the boy who/that is reading a book.We are helping the man whose car had broken down.He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.I used to play with him in the years when I lived in the countryside.It is t
10、he reason why he didnt go to school.I like the village where I spent my childhood.状语状语状语状语adverbial一、时间状语She is to be married next month.她预定在下个月结婚。Ill meet you at 4 oclock.我将在4点钟和你见面。A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday.昨天许多学生误了我的课。二、地点状语I first met him in Paris.我初次见到他是在巴黎。注：地点状语除表位置外，还可以表“
11、出发”“去向”“距离”等。如：Are you glad to be going back to school?返回学校你感到高兴吗?They lived many miles from the town.他们住的地方离镇子好几英里远。三、方面状语She is very weak in physics.她物理很不行。China is very rich in natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。This is better in every way than that.这个在哪一方面都比那个要好。The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 1
12、50 meters in height.这座桥长2500米，高150米。四、原因状语He was surprised at what she said.听到她说的话，他很吃惊。He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功。He was sent to prison for robbery.他因为抢劫而坐牢。五、结果状语He talked his wife into buying a car.他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。六
13、、目的状语They went out for a walk.他们出去散步了。He stood aside for her to pass.他靠边站让她过去。He cupped his ear to hear better.他的手捂着耳朵，以便听得更清楚。七、条件状语Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗？United,we stand；divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。With more money I would be able to buy it.钱多一点的话，我就买得起。八、让步状语For all his money,
14、hes a very lonely man.他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill.卡洛尔尽管感到不舒服仍去上了班。九、程度状语I dont like coffee very much.我不太喜欢咖啡。To a great extent,it is not fair.在很大程度上，这是不公平的。The system which is used in this school is very successful.这个学校所施行的制度是非常成功的。十、方式状语We came on the bus.我们坐公共汽车来的。You m
15、ust pay the bill in cash.你必须用现金付账。I watched the game on television.我在电视上收看了那场比赛。十一、伴随状语I slept with the window open.我开着窗睡觉。She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着泪水说再见。He ran up to her breathing heavily.他气喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。十二、比较状语Lesson Two is not as difficult as Lesson One.Our class is bigger than you
16、rs.十三、评注性状语To be honest,I dont like him at all.老实说，我根本不喜欢他。Generally speaking,men can run faster than women.一般说来，男人比女人跑得快一些。Perhaps it will,perhaps it wont.也许会，也许不会。补语补语补语补语object complement定义：置于宾语之后补充说明宾语定义：置于宾语之后补充说明宾语的的叫做宾语补语。叫做宾语补语。一、不定式 Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍
17、。We believe him to be guilty.我们认为他是有罪的。We made him copy the sentence.He is made to copy the sentence.二、名词 At the meeting we elected him monitor.At the meeting we elected him a new monitor.I think your brother a clever boy.三、形容词 What you said made Xiao Wang angry.I found the classroom empty.四、副词 Please call the students back at once.He was seen to take his cap off.五、现在分词 We hear him singing in the hall.I found him lying in bed,sleeping.六、过去分词 He saw his face reflected in the water.I heard it spoken of in the next room.Thank you!Thank you!