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1、English Phonology Grade:2007 Class:English Education Liaoning Chinese Medical Class Textbook:A Handbook of English Pronunciation Exercises for First-Year College Students(by Zhang Guanlin)Instructor:Hu XiaojiaoDalian University of Foreign Languages5/27/2023 5/27/2023Chapter I Phoneme and Transcripti
2、on5/27/2023 5/27/2023I.Phoneme and Transcription Phonetics is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description,classification and transcription.Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of language.5/27/2023 5/27/2023 Di
3、fferent branches of general linguistics:phonetics phonology:is the branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of languages.Morphology:studies the form of words.Syntax:studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences.Semantics:studies the meaning of language.5/27/2023 5
4、/27/2023II.General Introduction IPA（International Phonetic Association）in the year 1888 based on RP（Received Pronunciation）List of Phonetic Symbols（P1）Phoneme and Phonology 5/27/2023 5/27/2023Phoneme（48）self-reading task p13 VowelsThe Pure Vowels/MonophthongsThe DiphthongsConsonantsThe Plosive Conso
5、nantsThe Fricative ConsonantsThe Affricate ConsonantsThe Nasal ConsonantsThe Lateral ConsonantsThe Semi-Vowels5/27/2023 5/27/2023III.The Classification of Pure V owels Three factors were employed to distinguish between vowels.They are:The height of tongue raising（high,mid,low）The position of the hig
6、hest part of the tongue（front,central,back）The degree of lip rounding（rounded,unrounded,neutral）E.g.i:unrounded high front vowel:unrounded mid central vowel5/27/2023 5/27/2023Front Vowels,central vowels and back vowels Front vowels:/i:/,/i/,/e/,/Central vowels:/,/,/:/Back vowels:/:/,/,/:/,/u/,/u:/5/
7、27/2023 5/27/2023Rounded vowels,unrounded vowels,and neutral vowels Rounded vowels:/,/:/,/u/,/u:/Unrounded vowels:/i:/,/:/Neutral vowels:/i/,/e/,/,/,/,/5/27/2023 5/27/2023IV.The Classification of Diphthongs The Closing Diphthongs:/ei/,/ai/,/i/,/u/,/au/The Centering Diphthongs:/i/,/e/,/u/5/27/2023 5/
8、27/2023V.Classification of consonants A complete description of a consonant includes five factors:the state of the vocal cords:voiced or voiceless;the place of articulation;The course of the escaping of the air-stream;The position of the soft palate:oral or nasal;The manner of articulation 5/27/2023
9、 5/27/2023Consonants Places of articulation bilabial（双唇音）:/p/,/b/,/m/,/w/labialdental（唇齿音）:/f/,/v/dental（齿音）:/,/alveolar（齿龈音）:/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/l/,/ts/,/dz/postalveolar（后齿龈音）:/r/,/tr/,/dr/palatoalveolar（硬腭齿龈音）:/t/,/d9/,/,/9/palatal（硬腭音）:/j/velar（软腭音）:/k/,/g/,/glottal（声门音）:/h/5/27/2023 5/27/2023Co
10、nsonants Manners of articulation plosives:/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/fricatives:/f/,/v/,/,/,/s/,/z/,/,/9/,/h/,/r/affricates:/t/,/d9/,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/nasals:/m/,/n/,/lateral:/l/semi-vowels:/w/,/j/5/27/2023 5/27/2023Chapter IIThe Front V owels/i:/,/i/,/e/,/5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./i:/（self-reading task:p5
11、）Word-reading practice（p5）Phrase-reading practiceeat the meatkeep the seatPeters secretthe Chinese peoplea leaf on a treea key on a seata piece of lean meata piece of cheese吃肉留座位彼得的秘密中国人树上的一片叶子座位上的一把钥匙一块瘦肉一片奶酪5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./i:/（self-reading task:p5）Sentence-reading practice Seeing is not alwa
12、ys believing.Please keep it a secret.Dont speak Chinese in an English class.Steve lives on 333 Peterson Street.The teacher repeated the speech.We need to clean the heater.A friend in need is a friend in indeed.He is at ease who has enough.5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./i:/（self-reading task:p5）Tongue Twister
13、-reading practice:The leaves of these trees are green at this season but if the wind is keen and the leaves freeze,they cease to be and seem to lose their sheen.在这个季节树的叶子是绿色的，但如果寒风凛冽树叶冻僵的话，它们就不再发绿并失去光泽。It isnt easy to please each person but teasing the teacher wont please the teacher and each teache
14、r needs to be free to teach as he pleases.很难讨好每个人，但戏弄老师会让老师不高兴，每个老师都应有自由按照自己的方式进行教学。5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./i:/（self-reading task:p5）Little Poem See the breeze teasing the tree,Weaving the leaves or shaking them free,Tossing the fleece of sheep,that keep On peacefully feeding,half asleep.看清风在树梢间嬉戏，树叶或
15、是被交织一起或是随风飘散，半梦半醒之间，羊儿正静静吃草，背上的羊毛在风儿的撩拨下轻轻飘摇。5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）Word-reading practice（p6）i sit bit pick live kiss which killepretty college honest exampleapassage palace average surfaceui buildingu busy businesseymoney monkey honey journeyie movie handkerchief dieselay
16、Monday yesterday holiday5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）Phrase-reading practice make a wisha big piga bit chillylittle by littlesit stillgo fifty-fiftyfit as a fiddle许个愿一头肥猪有点寒冷一点一点地坐着一动不动平均分摊身体健康5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）Sentence-reading practicesd Dick gives
17、 Lily a big kiss.d Is it spring or still winter?d Together they went through thick and thin.d Tims as thin as a pin.d We eat to live but not live to eat.d There is a witness everywhere.d When drink is in,wit is out.d Little by little and bit by bit.5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）To
18、ngue Twister-reading practice:(An English fisherman wishes to get a foolish fish for a cold dish.一位英国渔夫希望得到一条傻瓜鱼用来做一道凉菜。(There is a kitten in the kitchen.In the kitchen I fry the chicken.A fly flies into the kitchen,while I fry the chicken.厨房里有只小猫，我在厨房炸鸡，当我炸鸡时，一只苍 蝇飞进了厨房。(Which witch snitched the st
19、itched switch for which the Swiss witch wished?哪个女巫把那个瑞士女巫想得到的装饰假发偷走了？5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./i/（self-reading task:p6-7）Little Poem Silly Billy!Silly Billy!Why is Billy silly?Silly Billy hid a shilling.Isnt Billy silly?傻贝利，傻贝利！为什么说贝利傻？傻贝利藏了一个先令，你说贝利傻不傻？Famous SayingsEarly to bed and early to rise,mak
20、es a man healthy,wealthy,andwise.Benjamin Franklin5/27/2023 5/27/2023Comparison between/i:/&/i/（self-reading task P6self-reading task P6）/i:/i/feelhealleaveseatsheepfillhilllivesitship/i:/i/sleepseekeatpeachgreenslipsickitpitchgrin5/27/2023 5/27/2023Comparison between/i:/&/i/（self-reading task P6sel
21、f-reading task P6）A Riddle Without a voice I speak,I am small,light and fleet,I express others thoughts,And travel without feet.（Letter）5/27/2023 5/27/2023Language Tip gonna&going toMary:Im gonna get somethin to drink.Lisa:Uh-huh.Mary:Like some juice?Lisa:Yeah.uh-huh=yes;yeah=yesMary:Im gonna get a
22、job.Lisa:Uh-huh.Not easy.Mary:No.Mary:Im gonna study harder.Lisa:Uh-huh.Mary:I cant stay idle.Lisa:No.5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./e/self-reading task p8-9 Word-reading practice（p8）ered best very well bell pen letter eaready weather pleasant alreadyiefriend friendshipueguest requestaisaid againaysaysaany
23、 many anyoneuburryeileisure5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./e/self-reading task p8-9 Phrase-reading practicevery wellget readybest sellerwell dressedwet with sweatpress the bellstep by step 很好做好准备畅销书穿着讲究浑身是汗按铃一步一步5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./e/self-reading task p8-9 Sentence-reading practice Lets get everything r
24、eady.Remember to get me ten eggs.When I did well,heard it never.When I did ill,I heard it ever.（做了好事没人夸，做了错事人人说。）All is well that ends well.（结局好一切好。）East or west,home is best.（金屋银屋不如自己家草屋。）Better late than never.（迟做总比不做好/晚了总比完了好。）Well fed,well bred.（吃得饱，懂礼貌/衣食足而知礼节。）5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./e/self-re
25、ading task p8-9 Tongue Twister-reading practice Whether the weather be fine or whether the weather be not,Whether the weather be cold or whether the weather be hot,Well weather the weather whether we like it or not.Ella sent Emma ten hens and Emma sent Ella ten pens.He sent ten men to mend the dent
26、in the engines of the tender.（他派了十个人去修补给船发动机的齿轮。）5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./e/self-reading task p8-9 Riddle Ten plus ten equals ten;Take ten from ten,You have twenty;When the weather is cold,There are ten;When its warm there are twenty.What is it?（fingers and a pair of gloves）5/27/2023 5/27/2023 IV./se
27、lf-reading task p10-11 Word-reading practice（p10）Phrase-reading practice a mad mana jazz bandhand in hand one man,no manscratch a matcha happy familythe sandbag on the sandbank一个疯男人爵士乐队手拉手个人的力量微不足道划根火柴一个快乐家庭沙坝上的沙袋5/27/2023 5/27/2023IV./self-reading task p10-11 Sentence-reading practice They ran hand
28、 in hand.A man can do no more than he can.（凡事应量力而行。）Hang your cap on the stand.Fancy that!（真想不到！）Dont let the cat out of the bag.（天机不可泄漏。）A fact is a fact.（事实胜于雄辩。）Handsome is as handsome does.（心美貌才美/品德美才算真美。）Manners make man.（有礼才成人。）5/27/2023 5/27/2023IV./self-reading task p10-11 Tongue Twister-rea
29、ding practice How many cans can a canner can if a canner can can cans?A canner can can as many cans as a canner can if canner can can cans.如果一个罐头制造商会做罐头的话，他能制造多少罐头？如果一个罐头制造商会做罐头的话，他会使出浑身解数制造罐头。Ann and Andy marriage anniversary is in April.A fat man sat on a black cat and the black cat was squashed f
30、lat,for the man was mad.一个胖子坐在一只黑猫身上，这只黑猫被压扁了，因为这个人疯了。5/27/2023 5/27/2023IV./self-reading task p10-11 Little Poem I met a little boy Jack,Who came from another land.I couldnt speak his language,But I took him by the hand.5/27/2023 5/27/2023VI.Comparison between/e/&/（self-reading task P10self-reading
31、 task P10）/e/begguesssaiddeadpeckbendedbedlendbaggassaddadpackbandaddbadland5/27/2023 5/27/2023VI.Comparison between/e/&/a bag on the bed Marys friend Jack the head of the band a bad pen Send him back.Get him some apples.Gan you bend that iron band?5/27/2023 5/27/2023VI.Comparison between/e/&/Dialog
32、ueA:What is the matter,Alice?You look so unhappy.B:I had a bad day yesterday.A:What happened?B:I went shopping and lost my bag.A:Your bag?Did you get it back?B:I went back for it.But it was already gone.A:Thats too bad,Im sorry to hear that.5/27/2023 5/27/2023VI.Comparison between/e/&/Tongue-twister
33、sA pleasant peasant keeps a pleasant pheasant（野鸡）and both the peasant and the pheasant are having a pleasant time together.A big black bug bit a big black bear and made the big black bear bleed blood.5/27/2023 5/27/2023Language Tip1.Mary:Are you busy tonight?2.Linda:Yeah.Ive gotta study tonight.3.Ma
34、ry:Study tonight?4.Linda:Yeah.Im having an exam tomorrow.2.Mary:Shall we have another drink?3.Linda:No,thanks.But Ive gotta go gome.4.Mary:Gotta go home?5.Linda:Yeah.Ive got some homework to do.3.Mary:Youve gotta go to bed early,Bob.4.Bob:Why?Why gotta go to bed early?5.Mary:Weve gotta go to the chu
35、rch.6.Bob:Gotta go to the church?Why gotta go to the church?7.Mary:Because tomorrow is Sunday.gotta=have/has got to5/27/2023 5/27/2023Listen to the tape and mark the word you heard.Listen to the tape and mark the word you heard.beat bit bet bat deed did dead dad seat sit set sat lead lid led lad pea
36、k pick peck pack neat nip net nap read rid red rat Pete pit pet pat heat hit let hat5/27/2023 5/27/2023Chapter IIICentral Vowels:/,/,/:/5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./self-reading task p20-21注意：在英音中，发/音时口形张得稍大；而在美音中，发/音时除了发本身的音之外，还可能会多少带一些/的发音，发音接近/，如：love.5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./self-reading task p20-21 Word-
37、reading practice（p20）u up cup sun bus funny bulb luck result dull study husband such mud run undero does come none one mother other cover dozen above onion lover sonou cousin tough touch rough double coupleoo blood flood5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./self-reading task p20-21Phrase-reading practicecut the duc
38、krub the cup come by busa tough sonjust for funa funny coupleonce in a montha sudden jumpsome honeyblood for blood切鸭肉擦杯子乘公共汽车来的一个体格强健的儿子为了好玩有趣的一对一月一次突然一跳一些蜂蜜以血还血5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./self-reading task p20-21 Sentence-reading practice I like the rough seas in summer.（我喜欢夏日波涛汹涌的大海。）Just cover it up Sh
39、es a lovely young girl.Thats not much of a cut.（只是小伤而已。）I wonder whos coming to lunch.My brother lives in the country.Well begun is half done.Love me,love my dog.Whats done cant be undone.（事已定局，无可挽回/覆水难收）Never trouble the trouble until the trouble troubles you.5/27/2023 5/27/2023I./self-reading task
40、 p20-21 Tongue Twister-reading PracticeJTo run and play under the sun is fun.When your work is done,come out the sun and have some fun.在阳光下追逐嬉戏非常有趣。当你的工作完成后就赶快到阳光下尽情地玩吧。J Plain bun,plum bun,bun without plum.原味面包，李子面包，无李子面包。5/27/2023 5/27/2023Distinguish/&/;/&/:/（self-reading task P20self-reading tas
41、k P20）/cup 杯子duck 鸭子fund 基金rub 摩擦hut 小屋luck 运气cop 警察dock 船坞fond 喜爱rob 抢劫hot 热lock 锁/:/cut 切luck 运气hut 小屋cluck 咯咯 声come 来much 非常cart 手推车lark 云雀heart 心clerk 职员calm 平静march行进5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./self-reading task p22-23 Word-reading Practice a ago arrive again alive agree about husbandu August suppor
42、t suppose column campus o oppose propose method Europe bottom ar sugar dollar collar particular forward or doctor forge professor monitor actor factorer better butter paper danger teacher fever fatherur lecture picture surprise survivalou famousour honour labour colour oar cupboard5/27/2023 5/27/202
43、3/&/:/:/并不是单纯由/加长而成，两个音素发音的口腔部位不同：发/音时牙床半开；但发/:/音时的牙床比/音小，近乎半合。发/音时双唇呈自然状态，肌肉不紧张；发/:/音时双唇肌肉较紧张，呈扁平状。5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./self-reading task p22-23 Phrase-reading Practice never forgetamong the workersa sheet of papera drop of waterthe teachers of Chinaalong the riverthe doctors daughterat the count
44、erfrom cover to coverfor a moment永不忘记在工人中一张纸一滴水中国的老师们沿着河流医生的女儿在柜台前（指着书）从头到尾一会儿5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./self-reading task p22-23 Sentence-reading Practice Please return the alarm clock to the teacher.My younger brother is a doctor.Her sister is a computer expert.Birds of a feather flock together.They m
45、ust hunger in winter that will not work in summer.夏不劳动冬挨饿。5/27/2023 5/27/2023II./self-reading task p22-23 Tongue Twister-reading Practice&The batter with the butter is the batter that is better.（带黄油的油面糊是比较好的油面糊。）&Sweater weather,leather weather.&A bitter bittern bit a better brother bittern.And the
46、better brother bittern bit the bitter bittern back.（一只满怀怨恨的苍鹭咬了一口比它强的兄弟，比它强的兄弟回咬了咬它的满怀怨恨的苍鹭。）5/27/2023 5/27/2023Famous SayingsThe bud may have a bitter taste,but sweet will be the flower 5/27/2023 5/27/2023IdiomGoing Bananas!A:This man is apparently going bananas!B:Yeah.Hes going ape!5/27/2023 5/27/
47、2023III./:/self-reading task p21-22Word-reading Practiceirfir first bird third birth shirt girl skirterwere her certain person service termearearn pearl early learn heard searchurchurch burn turn nurse purchase or word worth worker worse world wordyour journey journal5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./:/self-r
48、eading task p21-22Phrase-reading Practice the first term German expert learn the word a dirty shirt a nervous nurse a firm girl the third world perfect service第一学期德国专家学习这个单词一件脏衬衣一位紧张的护士一个坚定的女孩第三世界周到的服务5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./:/self-reading task p21-22 Sentence-reading PracticeThe girls learn world h
49、istory in the first and the third terms.Earl has worked in that firm for thirty years.Their perfect service deserves a worthy return.First come,first serve.Birds of a feather flock together.As is the workman so is the work.5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./:/self-reading task p21-22 Tongue Twister-reading Pra
50、ctice The surly merchant twirled his moustache as he purchased the first thirty pearls.这个脾气粗暴的商人在买第一批三十颗珍珠时快速地捻动着他的胡子。The first person in a dirty shirt works in the third firm.穿脏衬衫的第一个人在第三家工作。Elizabeths birthday is on the third Thursday of this month.伊丽莎白的生日是这个月的第三个星期四。5/27/2023 5/27/2023III./:/self