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1、Chapter 2:SoftwareSoftware BasicsSystem SoftwareApplication SoftwareSoftware BasicsComputer program:A computer program is a set of detailed,step-by-step instructions that tells a computer how to solve a problem or carry out a task.Eg:#includemain()int a=10,b=20,c;c=a+b;printf(“%d”,c);Computer Softwa
2、re:It is defined as the instructions and associated data,stored in electronic format,that direct the computer to accomplish a task.Eg:Windows 98 Os Microsoft Office 2000.Copyrighted SoftwareA Copyright is a form of legal protection that grants the copyright owner exclusive rights to copy the softwar
3、e,to distribute or sell it,and to modify it.People who illegally copy,distribute,or modify software are sometimes called software pirates,and their illegal copies are referred to as pirated software.License for Different UserMost Software Publishers offer a variety of license optionsThey areSingle-U
4、ser LicenseMultiple-User LicenseConcurrent-Use LicenseSite LicenseSingle-User License:This type of license limits the use of the software to only one user at a time.Most commercial software is distributed with single user license.Eg:Oracle,Win 98 OSMultiple-User License:This type of license allows m
5、ore than one person to use a particular software package.Eg:Win NT Concurrent-Use License allows a certain no of copies of the software to be used at the same time.Site License generally allows the software to be used on any and all computers at a specific location,such as within a corporate office
6、building or on a university campus.A site license is priced at a flat rate for example,$5,000 per site.Software CategoriesSoftware is classified into two categories System Software:It helps the computer to carry out its basic operating tasks.Application software:It helps the human user to carry out
7、certain tasks.Categories of the system softwareOperating systemUtilitiesDevice drivers&Computer programming languagesOS ServicesAn operating system performs many tasks often referred to as“services”These service can be classified into the follv External servicesv Internal services In External servic
8、es the Os help the users to start programs,manage stored data,and maintain securityIn Internal services The OS controls input and output,allocates system resources,manages the storage space for programs and data.A system resource is any part of the computer system,such as disk drive space,memory cap
9、acity,or processor time that might be used by the computer programDesktop operating system-also called as a client operating system.It is designed for a single user microcomputer.Windows OSMicrosoft windows is the most popular operating system for todays computers because it supports vast array of a
10、pplication software and peripheral devices.The first versions of Windows OS is Windows 1.0,2.0 and 3.0Windows 3.1 was introduced in 1992.In 1995 Microsoft introduced windows 95In 1998 they launched Windows 1998.Windows provides icons,buttons,and other on screen controls that can be manipulated by a
11、mouse or similar pointing devices.Windows operating system Multitasking-allowing you to work on more than one project.Windows NT/2000 workstation Microsoft offers workstations versions of the windows operating system such as Windows NT Workstation Windows 2000 ProfessionalWorkstation refers to a Hig
12、h performance,Single User Micro computer that can be used for High performance tasks such as Computer Aided design,Video Editing and scientific applications.Windows 2000 ProfessionalMAC OSDOSDOS Disk Operating systemIt was developed my MicrosoftMicrosoft marketed this Os under the trade name MS-DOSS
13、erver Operating SystemTodays popular server OS include Microsoft Windows NT Server Microsoft Windows 2000 ServerThese OS are similar to Workstation versions but they provide additional features for flow of data on large networks and websitesNovel Netware is a server OS designed specifically for micr
14、o computer networks Linux OSUtilitiesUtilities are sub category of system software designed to augment the OS to control the allocation and use of hardware resourcesExample Norton utilities it collects the data from a damaged disk and saves the data securely.Computer Programming LanguageComputer Pro
15、gramming language allows a Programmer to write a program using English like instructions to perform a task.Example BASIC,Visual Basic,C,C+,COBOL and JavaApplication Software Application S/W may helps you accomplish a specific task using the computer.For example it can help you produce documents,perf
16、orm calculations,create graphics,compose music,play games and etc.,Categories of Application softwareSoftware JargonsDocument production SoftwareGraphics SoftwarePresentation SoftwareSpread sheet and statistical SoftwareData management SoftwareInformation and reference SoftwareConnectivity SoftwareE
17、ducation and Training SoftwareEntertainment SoftwareAccounting and Finance SoftwareBusiness SoftwareSoftware jargonsProductivity Software,Suits and groupware are broad categories of application softwareThe most popular types of productivity software include word processing,spread sheet and data mana
18、gement.The office suite refers to number of application that are packed together and sold as a unit.A typical office suite include software you would use to write documents,work with numbers,create graphics and etc.,Groupware provides a way for more than one person to collaborate on a project.It fac
19、ilitates group document production,scheduling and communication.This groupware maintains certain data that can be shared by members of workgroup.Document Production SoftwareDocument software assists you with composing,editing,designing,printing,and electronically publishing documents.The three most
20、popular types of document production software are Word Processing Desktop publishing and Web authoring.Word Processing SoftwareIt helps to produce documents such as reports,letters,papers and manuscriptsThis gives you the ability to create,spell check,edit and format a document.Some of the examples
21、for best word processing software are Microsoft Word Corel Word Perfect Lotus word ProDesktop Publishing SoftwareThese software uses graphic design techniques to enhance the format and appearance of a document.It helps to produce newsletters,brochures,magazines and books.Example QuarkXpress,Adobe Pa
22、ge maker,Corel Ventura and Microsoft Publisher.Web Authoring SoftwareThese software are used to develop web pages that can be published electronically on the internet.Examples Microsoft FrontPage Claris Homepage SoftQuad HoTMetaL Macromedia Dream weaverGraphics SoftwareGraphic software helps you cre
23、ate,edit and manipulate images.Graphic software packages can be used to manipulate one type of image such as photos,bitmap images and 3-D Objects.Example CorelDRAW Adobe IllustratorPresentation SoftwarePresentation Software provides all of the tools you need for combining text,graphics,animations an
24、d sound.Examples Microsoft power point Lotus freelance graphicsData Management S/WThis software also called as DBMSDBMS Data Base Management SystemIt can be used to store,organize and maintain large amount of data.Database is a collection of related Data DBMS is a software that stores the data.Eg:Mi
25、crosoft AccessSpread Sheet and Statistical S/WSpreadsheet software performs calculations based on numbers and formulas that you enter eg:Microsoft Excel Statistical software helps you analyze large sets of data to discover relationship and patterns Eg:SPSS,JMP,Data Desk Information and reference sof
26、twareInformation and reference software provides with you a collection of information and a way to access that informationEg encyclopedias contain text,audio,video etc.,Connectivity softwareConnectivity software connects your computer to a local computer network or the internet.To access the informa
27、tion on the web we need communication software and browser.The most popular two web browser are internet explorer&Netscape navigatorEntertainment SoftwareEntertainment software includes games of all sorts,simulations,software toys.The game software is classified into subcategories such as action,adv
28、enture role playing,puzzles,simulations,and war games.Accounting and finance softwareAccounting and finance software helps you keep record of monetary transactions and investmentsPersonal finance software helps you keep track of bank accounts,investments,credit card balance etc.,Online banking-a way
29、 to use your computer and modem to download transaction directly from your bank.Business SoftwareBusiness software helps organizations efficiently accomplish routine tasks It is classified into the foll.Horizontal market software vertical market softwareHorizontal market software is any genetic software package that can be used by many different kinds of businessmanVertical market software is designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific market or business such as construction,health insurance or used car sales.