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1、Discussion on TVTelevision is an old topic.You may have a lot of ideas about the following:The development of TVThe importance of TV in peoples daily lifeDevelopment of TVThe first public broadcasting of television programs took place in London in 1936.The first regular television broadcasts began i
2、n the United States in 1939,but after two years they were suspended until shortly after the end of World War II in 1945.A television broadcasting boom began just after the war in 1946,and the industry grew rapidly.Development of TVThe development of color television had always lagged a few steps beh
3、ind that of black-and-white television.Other developments that improved the quality of television were larger screens and better technology for broadcasting and transmitting television signals.Projection televisions(PTVs),first introduced in the 1970s,now come with screens as large as 2 m(7 ft)diago
4、nally.The most common are rear-projection sets.Newer types of PTVs use liquid-crystal display(LCD)technology or an array of micro mirrors,also known as a digital light processor(DLP).Development of TVDigital television receivers are currently available.This method provides a cleaner signal that is l
5、ess vulnerable to distortion,Development of TVIn addition to getting clearer,televisions are also getting thinner.Flat panel displays have just a few centimeters thick.Even the largest flat panel display televisions are thin enough to be hung on the wall like a painting.How important is TV in people
6、s daily life?TV is a real asset in every home.-TV set has attained the rank of a legal necessity,safe from repossession in case of debt along with clothes,cooking utensils,and the like.Television viewing has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life.-Television viewing dominates family li
7、fe.Family schedules are often dominated by childrens viewing requirements,and people are television-oriented.Positive effects of TV on familyImprovement in the change of childrens habitsBenefits in peoples wide range of knowledgeA good means to bring the family together-imagine the picture:daughter
8、on Moms lap,son perched on the arm of Dads armchair,Dad with his arm around Moms shoulderThey are sitting cozily together before the TV set.However,as more and more time is spent on TV viewing,people show more and more concern about its negative influences.In particular,parents become more and more
9、anxious about the ill-effects of their children watching TV.A confirmation arises saying that it is for sure that TV exerts influences on the home,the peer group,the school,the church,and culture generally,but there will be no ill-effects of too much TV viewing so long as your family life goes on we
10、ll.In other words,if your family life goes wrong,it is not at all televisions fault.So anxious parents are soothed and reassured that it is of no need to worry about their childrens watching TV so much.What do you think of this idea?Are there any negative effects TV exerts on family life?Negative ef
11、fects of TV on family lifeA general lack of communication within family members-Once TV set is plugged in,it functions as a magician,freezing the speech and action,keeping the viewer stationery before the screen until Good-bye is shown.Or,the television has its magic power over people.As soon as the
12、 television is on,people stop talking and doing anything else,growing to be lifeless statues before the TV screen.They will remain so till the end of the program.Negative effects of TV on family lifeFamilys ordinary daily life together is diminished.-Children have regular schedule of TV programs and
13、 bedtime.Their life is regimented with almost military precision,living a dismal and mechanized way of life.Negative effects of TV on family lifeToo much television viewing destroys the special quality that distinguishes one family from another.-Every family does the same thing every day watching TV
14、.There are no special rituals,no games,no recurrent jokes,no familiar songs,and shared activities.What a family does is the quality that distinguishes a family from another.Negative effects of TV on family lifeWatching TV all the time prevents a child from growing into maturity.-Children have become
15、 television addicts.When they come together,there is no games,no hide-and-seek,no singing,but watching TV only.Children watch their favorite programs,and when there is nothing much on they really like,they watch whatever else is on-because watching is an important thing.-Television viewing prevents
16、the talks,the games,the family festivities and arguments through which much of the childs learning takes place and through which his character is formed.Read through the text and mark those lines you have questions about.Questions and answers.Comprehension questionsCan you infer from the subtitle of
17、 the essay TV and the American Family the meaning of the main title The Plug-in Drug?What does the word drug imply?-Drug in one sense is a habit-forming substance one takes for pleasure or excitement.Harmful drugs include tobacco,alcohol,cocaine,opium,etc.The plug-in drug is a term used by the autho
18、r to refer to TV which works when it is plugged in.TV is compared to a drug because,on the one hand,the American family has formed the habit of watching TV at leisure time and,on the other hand,TV has undesirable effects on the family.Difficult sentencesA quarter of a century and ordinary part of da
19、ily life.the structure:-main clause:television viewing has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life.-adverbial phrase:a quarter of a century after the introduction of television into American society-apposition:a period that has been seen the medium.and the likeComprehension questionsCan
20、 you infer from the first sentence when television was first introduced into American society?-A quarter of a century after the introduction of TV:In the early 50s,if we take 1977,the date of the publication of Winns book The Plug-In Drug,as the basis of inference.Many reference books give an earlie
21、r date,though,as is shown in note 1 public TV broadcasting began in the US in 1941,and in 1946 after World War II ended.Difficult sentencesseparate the activity of watching television from the actual content it offers the viewer-People at that time didnt realize the effects that TV would exert on it
22、s viewer.Watching TV was just considered as an activity of sitting before the screen.Nothing was taken into account as to what they were watching,e.g.whether there was too much violence or sex shown on the screen,which would bring about more juvenile delinquency in the country.Small attention was gi
23、ven to the influences of TV programs.Comprehension questionsWhy does Winn accuse the early observers of myopia?-The early observers only saw the favorable effects of TV(favorable,beneficial,wondrous)and none of them was sufficiently far-sighted to predict the negative effects of TV in the future.Tha
24、ts why they are accused of myopia,i.e.,short-sightedness.Difficult sentencesIt deeply influences that pattern of influences that is meant to ameliorate its effects.-that“pattern of influences”:as shown in lines 35-36,i.e.positive influences on the home,the peer group,the school,the church,and cultur
25、e-TV exerts great negative effects on the home,the peer group,the school,the church,and culture.Comprehension questionsProvide examples to illustrate Culture generally has been transformed by television.-Spring Festival Gala,etc.Difficult sentencesIt is improper to assign to television the subsidiar
26、y role its many apologists(too often members of the television industry)insist it play.-The television producers(=members of the television industry)think the role that TV plays is subsidiary,not the most important role,so they apologize.By saying so,they actually deny the great ill-effects of TV on
27、 people.What they acknowledge and insist is that TV is only of minor importance in influencing childrens lives.All the manufacturers claim the high benefits to the consumers besides the high quality of their products other than the harms and negative effects.Comprehension questionsHow do you interpr
28、et the seemingly paradoxical statement“While it has,indeed,kept the members of the family from dispersing,it has not served to bring them together”?-The TV helps to keep all the family members in the house in a physical sense.But they are not really doing things together.Instead,they watch their own
29、 favorite programs with little interaction between them.In this sense the TV undermines the relationships between family members.Difficult sentencesThe television set casts its magic spell,freezing speech and action,turning the living into silent statues so long as the enchantmentenchantment lasts.-
30、Once TV set is plugged in,it functions as a magician,freezing the speech and action,keeping the viewer stationery before the screen until Good-bye is shown.Or,the television has its magic power over people.As soon as the television is on,people stop talking and doing anything else,growing to be life
31、less statues before the TV screen.They will remain so till the end of the program.Difficult sentencesThe primary danger lies not so much in the the behavior behavior it it producesproduces as in the behavior it prevents through which much of the childs learning takes place and through which his char
32、acter is formed.-What is the behavior that TV screen produces?-What is the behavior that TV screen prevents?-Which is more dangerous,the behavior TV screen produces or the behavior it prevents?Why?-Watching TV is itself dangerous,but what is more dangerous is that it prevents the talks,the games,the
33、 family festivities and arguments.Children can learn a lot from all these activities,and they form their character to some extent in the process of these activities.Difficult sentencesTurning on the television set can turn off the process that transforms children into people.-The moment a child sits
34、 down to watch television is the moment his growth towards maturity is suspended.i.e.Watching TV all the time prevents a child from growing into maturity.Difficult sentencesConjure up memories:bring memories into mindOn the spur of the moment:on a sudden impulseDifficult sentencesKeeping a family sa
35、ne means mediating between the needs of both children and adults.-If we want to make a family in possession of good relations,we should meet the needs of both children and their parents.Comprehension questionsHow are childrens demands satisfied?-Their demands are usu.shunted away(=kept away,prevente
36、d,evaded).They are considered as troublesome if they raise any demands.How are adults demands satisfied?-Adults demands are always satisfied.Parents will do whatever a childless couple can.What is the significance of meeting childrens needs?-It is children various demands for their families that hel
37、p them to grow mature,and it is the way parents satisfy their childrens demands that helps to make their relationships closer.Comprehension questionsHow do you understand the last sentence?-If family members always mind their individual business without any time to do something together so as to hav
38、e some shared experiences,the family is,then,anything other than/nothing but a care-taking institution.Post-reading discussionThe future of TVTelevision,Computer Industries Collide Over Digital TVNegative effects of TV on peoples lifeA widening gap in the relations between children and their parentsNegative effects of TV on peoples lifeTraditional family concept being changed and culture changedNegative effects of TV on peoples lifeCulture generally has been transformed by television.