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1、不定式的名词用法1A一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语 To see one timeTo see one time is better than to hear a hundred timesto hear a hundred times.To persevereTo persevere means victory!注注注注：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：代替主语，而把不定式后置：Its a great pleasure to be hereto be here.It
2、 is not an easy thing to master a languageto master a language.注注注注：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：It took us five hours to get thereto get there.It made us very angry to hear him talk like thatto hear him talk like that.2A注注注注：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由不定式结构的逻辑主语
3、通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组名词词组”来表示，如：来表示，如：It is not hard for onefor one to do a bit of good.It was difficult for mefor me to do the work.注注注注：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词名词词组组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：Its kind of youof you to think so much of us.Its very ni
4、ce of youof you to be so considerate.Its unwise of themof them to turn down the proposal.It was careless of herof her to make such a mistake.3A二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do
5、 that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主主语语是是以以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion 等等为为中中心词的名词词组，或以心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：My idea is to climb the mountain from the northto climb the mountain from the north.Your mistake
6、 was not to write that letternot to write that letter.My suggestion is to start work at onceto start work at once.What I would suggest is to start work at onceto start work at once.注注注注：在在某某些些句句型型中中，当当主主语语部部分分有有动动作作动动词词do do 时时，作作表表语语的的不不定定式式可可以以省省略略符符号号“toto”，如：，如：All we have to do is push the butt
7、onpush the button.The only thing I can do now is go on by myselfgo on by myself.All I could do was send him a telegramsend him a telegram.4A三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语1“动动动动词词词词 +带带带带 to to 的的的的不不不不定定定定式式式式结结结结构构构构”。这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有：afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,
8、desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等，例如：等，例如：Ive arranged to meet him at ten oclockto meet him at ten oclock.I didnt expect to find you hereto find you here.2“动动动动词词词词 +疑疑疑疑问问问问词词词词 +带带带带 to to 的的的的不不不不定
9、定定定式式式式结结结结构构构构”。（这这种种不不定定式式结结构构接接近近一一个个名名词词从从句句）。这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有：tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder 等。等。疑疑问问词词（也也称称连连接接代代/副副词词）有有：what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which（why 除外），如：除外），如：I dont know what to do/where to go
10、/who(m)to ask/when to stop/how to get there.I havent decided whether to sell it or not.We must find out what to do next/where to put it.5A注注：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：，把不定式后置，例如：I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found i
11、t impossible to get everything ready in time.注注：不不定定式式结结构构一一般般不不可可作作介介词词宾宾语语,只只有有在在个个别别场场合合,即即在在含含有有否否定定意意义义的的带带有有介介词词 except 或或 but(=except)的结构中才能这样用，例如：的结构中才能这样用，例如：He seldom comes except toto look at my pictures look at my pictures.The child diddid nothing except weepweep.She can dodo anything bu
12、t singsing.He will dodo anything for you except lend you moneylend you money.They could dodo nothing but wait for the doctors to arrivewait for the doctors to arrive.注意不定式符号的省略问题！注意不定式符号的省略问题！注意不定式符号的省略问题！注意不定式符号的省略问题！6A动名词的名词用法7A动词-ing 形式作主语通常放句首，被看作是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 1.做主语做主语eg.Getting up early i
13、s a good habit.8Aeg.It is no use talking with him.It was a waste of time watching TV.有时用 it 作形式主语，把动词-ing 形式 置后。例如：a waste of time no good/no useIt+be+useless +V-ing worthwhile fun9A在 there be 结构中作主语，例如：no no sense in（没有道理）There be+no point in（毫无意义）+V-ing no use in eg.There was no knowing when he wo
14、uld leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no point in discussing such matter.讨论这样的问题毫无意义。10A2.作宾语作宾语 作介词的宾语 eg.She is interested in working for our firm.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。11A 部分动词后必须用doing 作宾语，例如：enjoy,practise,advise,suggest,mind,forbid,keep,finish,admit 等。eg.I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解新事物。You should practise speaking English every morning.你应该每天早晨练习英语。12A注意：有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to,但意义不同，注意区分。例如：remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事类似的词还有forget，regret，stop 等。13A3.作表语 eg.His favorite sport is hiking.他最喜欢的运动是徒步旅行。My job is playing all kinds of instruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。14A