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1、规则 例词2023年高考英语知识清单专题0 1名同(原卷版)P arti：知 识 点 梳 理1.可数名词的复数(1)规则变化:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men,womanwomcn,foot feet,goose-geese,mousemice一般在词尾加mapmaps,seaseas,girlgirls,day-days以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,boxboxes,watchwatches,dish-dishes以-f或-fe结尾变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieve
2、s,knife-knives,half-halves,loaf-loaves,wifewives,shclf-shelves的词加-Sbelief-beliefs,chiefchiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i 力 口-es partyparties,familyfamilies,storystories,city-cities以元音字母加y 结尾的名词,或专有名词以y 结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys以辅音一般加eshero-heroes,potat
3、o-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes字母加不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photophotos,kilo-kilos-0结尾zero-zeros/zeroes的名词两者皆可volcano-volcanos/volcanoesmosquitomosquitos/mosquitoes规则例词以元音字母加 0 结尾的名词加-Sradioradios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos以-th结尾的名词加-struthtruths,mouth-mouths,monthmonths,pathpaths不规则变化规则例词单复数相同 species,sheep,dee
4、r,series,means,works,fish,只有复数形式 ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents一些集体名词总是用作复数 people.police.callle.staff部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作 audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committec,government,population,crew,tea复数（成员）m,public,enemy,parlycustoms（海关）,forces（军队）,times（时代）,spiri
5、ts（情绪）,drinks（饮料）,sands（沙复数形式表示特别含义 滩）,papers（文件，报纸）,manners（礼貌）,looks（外表）,brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）力 口-s Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans表示，一 ,_ _单复数同形 Swiss,Portuguese,ChineseJapanese喋国,以-man或-woman结尾的改为入 Englishmen,Frenchwomen-men,-women合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,looker
6、s-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy friends无生体名词时将最后部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers,men servants知识点2不可数名词1.不可数名词量的表达不可数名词一般不能直接用不定冠词或数词修饰，而应与特定的单位名词连用来表示量的概念，如：a cup of tea,four pieces of bread 等。2.抽象名词的具体化这类名词如果仅仅表示某种概念，是不可数名词：如果表示具体的人或事，就成了可数名词，前面常加不定冠词，如：pleasure,help,ho
7、nor,surprise,success,failure等。有些抽象名词在具体化时，还可以用复数形式出现，如：no pains,no gains；表示特指时，可与定冠词连用。3.学科名词和集体名词的意义(1)有些学科名词以s 结尾，但表示单数意义,如：physics,maths,politics等。(2)有些集体名词通常只用于表示复数概念，如：police,people,cattle等。(3)有些集体名词在表示整体时为单数概念，在表示集体中的各个成员时为复数概念，如：class,family,couple,audience,government,public 等。知识点3名词所有格1.表示有生
8、命物体的名词所有格(1)一般在词尾加 s,如：the boys bag,mens rooms 等。(2)以 s 结尾的词直接加，如：the workers5 struggle,the studentsreading room 等。(3)并列名词表示各自所属时，在名词后都加当如：Johns and Mary，s rooms(约翰和玛丽各自的房间);表示共同所属时，在最后一个名词后加 s,如：John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共同的房间)。(4)在表示店铺、餐馆、诊所的名称或某人的家时，其所有格后面的名词可省略，如：at the doctors在诊所，at my sisters在我
9、姐姐(妹妹)的家。2.of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西the legs of the chair.the cover of the hook用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词the struggle of the oppressed知识点4名词作定语1.名词作定语时一般用单数，表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。例 J如：stone figures石像，paper money 纸币，book stores 书店，evening dress 晚礼服。2.有些情况下，也可用复数作定语。例如
10、：a goods Iraki货运列车，two men doclors两个男医生，aclothes shop 服装店，a sales manager 销售经理。3.“数字+连字符+名词”作定语时，名词一般用单数形式。例如：a five-year plan 一个五年计划，aten-mile walk 一段十英里的路程。知识点5名词与固定搭配名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：”动词+名词”和“介词十名 词 常 见 短 语 如 下：make preparations for,make friends with,give regards to,make both ends meet,fix ones eye
11、s upon/on,in greatdemand,in high spirits,in agreement with,pay attention to,keep pace with,attach importance to,gain/havean advantage over,make a/no/some differencePart2：高考真题精选1.(2022.6 新高考 1 卷 语法填空)The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate(population)and homes of giant pandas,
12、and evenluaHy(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in thewild.2.(2022 全国 乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the largest(large)tea-producing country,China has a(r e s p o n s i b l e)t o work with other countries to promote the healthydevelopment o
13、f the tea industry.3.(2021.6 新高考 1 卷 语法填空)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you howtiny w e(h u m a n)are.4.(2021.6 全国甲卷 语法填空)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gatesa n d(w a t c h t o w e r)to take pictures.5.(2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空)
14、(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远 足)andaccommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.6.(2021.6 全国甲卷 改错)Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because theyre of thesame age and can understand each other.7.(2021.6 浙江卷 语 法 填 空)In 1844 the
15、y bought it for$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,whoperformed t h e i r(m a r r y)ceremony in 1842.8.（2021.6 全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework.I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.9.（2021.6 全国乙卷语法填空）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler tobe
16、come educated about the areas-both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and oftenprovides money for conservation and benefits the 2（develop）of the local areas.10.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by in medicalscience.A.traditions B
17、.advances C.pressures D.examples11.（2020新课标 I 卷语法填空）The far side of the moon is of particular （interesting）to scientists becauseit has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so the familiar near side.12.（2020新课标 I 卷短文改错）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.13.（2020新课标 II 卷
18、语法填空）Chinese New Year is a （celebrate）marking the end of the winter seasonand the beginning of spring.14.（2020新课标 1 1 卷短文改错）Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.15.（2020 江苏卷单项填空）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing c o n s id e r a b l e.A.reservation B.tr
19、ansformation C.distinction D.submission16.【2019江苏卷单项填空Nowadays the for travelling is shifted from shopping to food andscenery.A.priority B.potential C.proportion D.pension17.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a（n）onour lives in many ways.A.statement B.impactC
20、.impression D.judgment18.【2019新课标 I 卷语法填空 Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are（be）stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.19.【2018天津 The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists toexplore the outer space.A.adviceC.possibilityB.orderD.invitation2 0.【2018 新课标卷 1语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deathsfrom all (cause).