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1、 2018 高考考试大纲 考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1 至附录5），要求词汇量为3500 左右。二、语言运用1 听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。2 阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结
2、构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。3 写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。4 口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。附录 1 语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26 个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音2.重音(1)单词
3、重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录 2 语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语 5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及
4、物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)过去将来时(7)将来进行时(8)现在完成时(9)过去完成时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing 形式(3)动词的-ed 形式13.构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15.句子成分(1)主语 (2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(
5、2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句20.间接引语21.省略22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气附录 3 功能意念项目表1.社会交往(Social Communications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受和
6、拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments)(12)打电话(Making telephone calls)(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing the doctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Asking the way)(17)谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition
7、)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes an
8、d wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时
9、刻(Point of time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7.特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Leng
10、th)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)附录 4 话题项目表1.个人情况(Personal i
11、nformation)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friends and people around)3.周围的环境(Personal environments)4.日常活动(Daily routines)5.学校生活(School life)6.兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9.计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals,holidays and celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12
12、.饮食(Food and drink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)15.文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16.旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17.语言学习(Language learning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(The world and the environment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21.热点话题(Topical issues)22.历史与地理(History and geography)23.社会(S
13、ociety)24.文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表Aa(an)artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad&prepabove prep,a&adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a&nabsurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a&nacademy naccelerate vaccent naccept vaccess n&vaccessib
14、le aaccident naccommodation n accompany vaccomplish vaccount naccountant naccumulate vaccuracy naccurate aaccuse vaccustomed aache v&nachieve vachievement nacid aacknowledge vacquaintance nacquire vacquisition nacre nacross prepact n&vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbra
15、d=advertisement nadapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress nadequate aadjust vadjustment nadministration nadmirable aadmire vadmission nadmit v adolescence nadolescent a&nadopt vadore vadult nadvance v&nadvantage nadventure nadvertise vadvertisement nadvice nadvise vadvocate vaffair naffec
16、t vaffection nafford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a&nafter ad,prep&conjafternoon nafterward(s)adagain adagainst prepage nagency nagenda nagent naggressive aago adagree vagreement nagricultural aagriculture nahead adaid n&vAIDS naim n&vair naircraft nairline nairmail n album nalcohol nalcoholic a&nalgebr
17、a nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad&prepalongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalsoadalternative aalthough conjaltitude naltogether adaluminium(Am aluminum)nalways adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbramateur aamaze vamazing aambassador namb
18、assadress nambiguous aambition nambulance nAmerica namong prepamount n&vample aamuse vamusement n analysevanalysis nancestor nanchor v&nancient aand conjanecdote nanger nangle nangry aanimal nankle nanniversary nannounce vannoy vannual aanother a&pronAntarctic aantique nanxiety nanxious aany pron&aa
19、nybody pronanyhow adanyone pronanything pronanyway adanywhere adapart ad&aapartment napologize vapology napparent aappeal v&nappear vappearance nappendix nappetite napplaud v&napple napplicant napplication napply v appoint vappointment nappreciate vappreciation napproach n&vappropriate aapproval nap
20、prove vapproximately adapron narbitrary aarch narchitect narchitecture nArctic aare v(be)area nargue vargument narise(arose,arisen)varithmetic narm n&varmchair narmy naround ad&preparrange varrangement narrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj&prepash nashamed aAsia nAsian a&naside adask vasleep a aspect nassess vassessment nassist vassistance nassistant nassociate vassociation nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat pr epathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom n