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1、黑龙江省大庆市东风中学2020-2021学年高二英语下学期开学测试试题（含解析）（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项：1 .答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2 .作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3 .考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AThe year 2019 saw the deaths of people who changed culture thr
2、ough art, politics and tireless hard work. It also witnessed tragedy, in talent struck down in its youth.Elijah E. CummingsIn 2019, the United States lost a major civil rights leader. Elijah E. Cummings was born the son of a poor farmer. A school official once told young Cummings he would never beco
3、me a lawyer because he was too slow to learn and spoke poorly. He refused to believe that. Cummings not only gained an education in law, but went on to become an influential congressman and champion of civil rights. Cummings died in October. He was elected to the United States House of Representativ
4、es in 1996.Toni MorrisonThe death of writer Toni Morrison in August left a huge hole in the publishing world. The 88-year-old was a leader of modern American literature. She was also seen as an artistic guide to many young writers. Morrison wrote books that explored the inhumanity of racism and othe
5、r discrimination. In 1993, she became the first black woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 2012, she was awarded one of the countrys highest civilian honors, the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Her most famous books include TheBluestEye, Beloved and AMercy.Alexei LeonovAmong those in th
6、e scientific world who died in 2019 was a cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, the firstperson to walk in space. Leonov, who died in October, stepped out of a spaceship in 1965 and spent16 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on
7、a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want, but this is not the case for many people around the world. 17 Thaty s around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water, we can catch dise
8、ases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500, 000 children die from diarrhea（腹泻）from dirty water. Thats around 1, 400 children every day ! Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water. 18 Therefore, they don，t have time to learn how to read or write and
9、don，t get an education.19 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six
10、 litres of water. 20 People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.A. We use water indirectly too.B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problemsI
11、f children walk many hours a day to get water, they can，t go to school.D. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink?E. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.F. In this way, they know how it feels to walk a long distance carry
12、ing heavy bottles.【答案】16. A 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了水是我们生活中非常重要的能源，而世界上很多人并不像我们这样 幸运能喝到干净的水。世界上大约有7. 5亿人没有干净的水喝，每年有50多万儿童死于脏水引起的腹泻。 就此联合国决定3月22日为世界水日，并在当天举办活动来教育人们关于脏水的问题，让人们知道清洁的 水是全世界每个人都应该拥有的。【16题详解】根据下文 For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the
13、plants grow.When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.（例如，生产我们吃 食物的农民，使用水使植物生长。当我们打开电灯或电视或电脑的开 关时，我们使用能源，我们需要水来产生这种能源）可知下文是在列举人们间接使用水的例子，故A选项 “我们也间接地用水。”符合上下文语境，故选A。【17题详解】根据下文Thats around one in 10 people in the world.（那大约是世界上十分之一
14、的人）可推知本句 为说明世界上没有干净水喝的人数。故E选项“你知道大约有7. 5亿人没有干净的水喝吗？”符合上下文语 境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文 Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且， 在一些国家，孩子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day to get water可对 应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water,故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他 们就不能去上学。”
15、符合上下文语境，故选D。【19题详解】结合下文 On this day every year, countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world.（每年的这一天，世界各国都会举办各种活动，让人们了解脏水的问题，让他们知道清洁的水 是全世界每个人都应该拥有的）是在说明世界水日当天的活动，故可知本句为说明世界水日的设
16、立时间， 故F选项“1993年，联合国决定3月22日为世界水日。”符合上下文语境，故选F。【20题详解】根据前文 At one school in the UK, children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.（在英国的一所学校，10到15岁的孩子负重6升水来步行6公里）可推知本句承接上文继续说 明这一做法的意义是让孩子们了解带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。故G选项“通过这种方式， 他们知道带着沉重的瓶子走很长的距离是什么感觉。”符合上下文语境，故选G。【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边
17、读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索， 再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一 题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落 之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。如第三小题，根据上文Also, in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.（而且，在一些国家，孩 子们每天要走很多公里去取水）中walk many kilometres every day
18、 to get water可对应到D选项中walk many hours a day to get water,故D选项“如果孩子们每天走很多小时去取水，他们就不能去上学。” 符合上下文语境，故选D。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题L 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A big thought can be one of the 21 forces in the world. I was 22 with that idea all over again when I heard
19、 the story of Mary Crowe.Young Mary was washing her father, s overalls one day when the big thought 23 herIn her mind she saw herself 24 from college in cap and gown, accepting her diploma, ready to 25 a career.Since Mary came from a low-income family, her dream seemed out of 26, There wouldnever be
20、 enough money to send Mary to college. 27, no member of her family had ever goneto college. But Mary 28 that thought. In secondary school she studied hard, and spoke 29 of her dream to teachers and friends. When her 30 day at school came, her principal （校长）called her into his office.“I have a（n） 31
21、for you, he said.It contained a scholarship to a nearby college. The power of a thought had 32 its first dividend （红利）.But the scholarship could cover only part of her college 33, Marytook every part-time job she could find.Mary s dream came true when she graduated from college. Then she took a cour
22、se in insurance. When she 34 herself to a local insurance company for a job, she was 35, She appliedagain. The answer was no. She kept going back until the manager 36 her.Twenty-five years later Mary CroweJ s associates in that company 37 at a special dinner in her honour, recognizing her for her ou
23、tstanding achievements as an insurance saleswoman.“Each of us is constantly in a state of becoming, “ she said, giving her formula （方法）for 38, “Through 39 and faith you can become what you think. Not that your life willieve; dreambe without problems, but along the way problems will be40.Ask and bela
24、nd believe; work and believe. ”21. A. safestB. strongestC. heaviestD. weakest22. A. shockedB. familiarC. nervousD. impressed23. A. seizedB. greetedC. struckD. beat24. A. graduatingB. escapingC. drivingD. judging25. A. startB. finishC. abandonD. quit26.A.controlB.questionC.sightD.thought27.A.HoweverB
25、.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Besides28.A.held on toB.took pride inC.made up forD.came up with29.A.selfishlyB.freelyC.unwillinglyD.jokingly30.A.firstB.formalC.finalD.unique31.A.bookB.envelopeC.souvenirD.test32.A.joinedB.wastedC.consumedD.produced33.A.expensesB.secretsC.incomesD.ambitions34.A.limitedB.related
26、C.accustomedD.presented35.A.picked upB.put asideC.turned downD.taken in36.A.believedB.praisedC.acceptedD.noticed37.A.gatheredB.declaredC.resignedD.parted38.A.reputationB.independenceC.responsibilityD.success39.A.suspensionB.enthusiasmC.politenessD.status40.A.correctedB.overcomeC.forgottenD.collected
27、【答案】21. B 22.D23. C 24. A25. A26. C 27. D28. A 29. B 30. C31.B32. D 33.A34. D 35. C36.C 37. A 38. D39. B 40. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了来自低收入家庭的Mary Crowe凭借自己想上大学的想法，不断坚持 努力，最终凭借着自己的热情和信念实现梦想，取得成功的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个伟大的思想可以是世界上最强大的力量之一。A. safest最安全的；B. strongest最强壮的；C. heaviest最重的；I), weakest最虚弱的。结
28、合后文作者叙述Mary Crowe通过一 个想法改变了自己命运的故事，可推知作者是想说伟大的思想是世界上最强大的力量之一。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我听到M.y Crowe的故事时，这个想法给我留下了深刻的印象。A. shocked 震惊的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. nervous紧张的；D. impressed印象深刻的。Mary Crowe的故事让作者 对“伟大的思想是世界上最强大的力量之一”这个想法印象深刻。其他选项不符合语境。故选D。23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，年轻的Mary正在洗她父亲的工作服时，突然有了一个重要的想法。A. seiz
29、ed抓住；B. greeted打招呼；C. struck突然想到，打击；D. beat打败。根据上文a big thought 可知是突然有了一个重要的想法，strike此处表示“突然想到”，故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的脑海里，她看到自己从大学毕业，戴着学位帽，穿着学位服，准备开始 自己的事业。A. graduating毕业；B. escaping逃跑;C. driving驾驶;D. judging判断。结合后文from college in cap and gown, accepting her diploma 可知是从大学毕业，故选 A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨
30、析。句意：在她的脑海里，她看到自己从大学毕业，戴着学位帽，穿着学位服，准备开始 自己的事业。A. start开始；B. finish结束；C. abandon抛弃；D. quit辞职。大学毕业后应当是准备 开始自己的工作和事业。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于Mary来自低收入家庭，她的梦想似乎遥不可及。A. control控制；B. question 问题;C. sight 视力；D. thought 想法。结合上文 Since Mary came from a low-income family 可知 Mary 的梦想似乎遥不可及，短语out of sight “看不见，
31、遥不可及”。故选C。27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，她家里没有一个人上过大学。A. However然而；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. Besides此外。此处结合上文表示除了家庭收入低，供不起她上大学之外，Mary家里 没有一个人上过大学。表示“此外，而且。故选1）。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是Mary坚持这个想法。A. held on to坚持；B. took pride in以为傲;C. made up for 补偿；D. came up with 提出。 结合后文 In secondary school she studied ha
32、rd 可矢口 Mary 没有并没有放弃，而是坚持了自己的想法，努力学习。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在中学时，她努力学习，向老师和朋友畅谈自己的梦想。A. selfishly自私地;B. freely 自由地;C. unwillingly 不情愿地;D. jokingly 开玩笑地。结合后文 of her dream to teachers and friends可知，Mary对自己的老师和朋友畅所欲言自己的梦想。故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她在学校的最后一天到来时，她的校长把她叫到办公室。A. first最重要 的；B. formal正式的；C. fi
33、nal最终的；D.unique独特的。后文提到了校长的信封里是去大学的奖学金, 可推知，这是在学校的最后一天。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:“我有一个信封给你，”他说。A. book书籍；B. envelope信封；C. souvenir 纪念品；D. test 测试。结合后文 It contained a scholarship to a nearby college.可推知,此处是装 着奖学金的信封，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：思想的力量产生了它的第一个红利。A. joined加入；B. wasted浪费；C.consumed 消耗；D
34、. produced产生。此处将奖学金比作Mary思想产生的红利。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但奖学金只能支付她大学费用的一部分。A. expenses费用；B. secrets秘密;C. incomes收入；D. ambitions野心。结合后文Mary去保险公司求职可知，奖学金只能支付一部分大学 的费用。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她到当地一家保险公司求职时，遭到了拒绝。A. limited限制；B. related 联系；C. accustomed 使习惯；I), presented 代表。结合后文 to a local insurance comp
35、any for a job 可知，此处是去保险公司求职，短语present oneself to“出席，到场”。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当她向当地一家保险公司求职时，遭到了拒绝。A. picked up捡起；B. put aside 暂不考虑；C. turned down拒绝，关小；D. taken in吸收。结合后文She applied again.可知，Mary被 公司拒绝了。故选C。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不断地回去，直到经理接受了她。A. believed相信；B. praised称赞；C. accepted接受；D. noticed注意到。结合
36、后文Mary Crowe被公司表彰可知，Mary Crowe 一直坚持到经理 接受了她。故选C。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：25年后，M.y Crowe在那家公司的同事们聚集在一个特别的晚宴上，表彰她作 为一名保险销售员所取得的杰出成就。A. gathered聚集；B. declared宣称；C.resigned辞职；D. parted 离开。结合后文at a special dinner in her honour可知，公司的同事们聚集在一个特别的晚宴上。故 选Ao【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们每个人都在不断地成为一个人，”她说，并给出了她的成功秘诀。A. reput
37、ation 名誉；B. independence 独立；C. responsibility 责任；D. success 成功。结合上文 Mary 被 表彰可知，她成功了，分享了自己成功的秘诀。故选D。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过热情和信念，你可以成为你想成为的人。A. suspension停职；B. enthusiasm 热情；C. politeness礼貌；D. status地位。结合后文and faith可知，此处是指通过热情和信念，你可 以成为想成为的人。故选B。40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：并不是说你的生活没有问题，而是一路上问题会被克服。A. corrected纠
38、正； B. overcome 克服；C. forgotten 忘记;D. collected 收集。结合上文 problems will be 可知,此处是指 问题会被克服。故选B。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Japanese automaker Toyota has announced plans 41 (create) a Woven City” in order to test and develop new technologies. The city is meant to be 42 mod
39、e 1 for creating “smart cities“ around the world. A smart city 43 (be) an area developed with high- speed Internet connectivity to link major information and communication systems. These systems powered by data and sensors can improve living conditions relating to things like energy, transportation
40、and health. Experts say smart cities can 44 (great) cut human-caused pollution, reduce traffic problems and create new uses for Internet technology to affect everyday life.The Woven City 45 (use) as a ,living laboratoryfor technologies including self-driving systems, robotics, smart homes and artifi
41、cial intelligence. It will be built on the 1 and46 an automobile factory currently operates. The factory is set to close by the endof 2020.47 (cover) about 70 hectares of land, the city is designed to hold around 2, 000 people. Residents could include Toyota employees and visiting researchers. It wi
42、ll have its own police48 (officer), fire and emergency services and schools. Its main electrical power will come from hydrogen fuel technology. It is planned to be fully sustainable as buildings will be made mostly49wood. Buildings will be equipped with solar facilities toproduce50(addition) electri
43、city.【答案】41. to create 42. a 43. is 44. greatly45. will be used 46. where 47. Covering 48. officers 49. of50. additional【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了日本汽车制造商丰田汽车将建造智慧城市以测试新技术。【41题详解】考查不定式。句意：日本汽车制造商丰田汽车宣布计划建立一个“编织城市”来测试和开发新技术。根据 谓语动词has announced可知，此处要用非谓语动词，plan后接不定式作后置定语。故填to create。42题详解】考查冠词。句意：这座城市旨在成为
44、在全球创建“智慧城市”的典范。model是发音以辅音音素开头的可数 名词，此处泛指一个典范，故填a。【43题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：智慧城市是指发展高速互联网以链接主要信息和通信系统的区域。此处是谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，根据主语A smart city可知，此处要用第三人称单数。故填is。【44题详解】考查副词。句意：专家表示，智慧城市的设计可以大大减少人为造成的污染，减少交通问题，并为互联网技术创造新的用途以影响日常生活。修饰动词cut用副词。故填greatly。【45题详解】考查时态语态。句意：这座“编织城市”将被用作包括自动驾驶系统，机器人技术，智能家居和人工智能
45、在内的技术的“生活实验室”。根据下文时态will be built可知此处时态也是一般将来时，描述将来的 事情；主语The Woven City与use之间是被动关系，此处要用被动语态。故填will be usedo【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座城市将建在一家汽车厂目前运营的土地上。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是the land,在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where。故填where。【47题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该城市将覆盖约70公顷土地，旨在容纳约2, 000人。句子的谓语为is designed to hold,因此此处为非谓语，the city与cover之
46、间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语。故填 Coveringo【48题详解】考查名词的数。句意：它将有自己的警察，消防和应急服务以及学校。根据its own可知此处要用名词，警察不止一个，因此要用可数名词复数。故填officers。【49题详解】考查介词。句意：该城市计划完全可持续发展，因为其建筑大部分为木材。固定短语be made of ”由制 成。故填of。【50题详解】考查形容词。句意:建筑物将使用太阳能设备产生更多的电力。根据名词electricity可知此处要用形容 词,作定语。故填additional。第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题：每小题
47、1分，满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。One day my friend took me to a R. 0. K. ? s restaurant, where she often visited. I looked at th
48、e menu all writing in R. 0. K. s. Since I couldn，t read them, I glanced over the pictures and picked out what I want. I ordered the Kimchi Beef with vegetables. It was very spicy food I had never had before. Therefore, I drank my glass of water immediate. I thought the beef was the spicy part, but when I started eating the cabbage