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1、杭州学军中学高一年级期末复习练习卷三第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。A BDBIf you hear the word “Castle” or the word “Palace”, you may picture the same kind of building for both: large, made of stones, probably with a tower. And, of course, youre not entirely wrong, as those are
2、features of both palaces and castles.So then why bother to visit one royal building in the United Kingdom Buckingham Palace and another the same country Windsor Castle? It turns out there is a difference, and you can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.The Case for CastlesCastles w
3、ere residences for royalty. But they were also intended as defensive seats. Say youre a king who has taken a particular area over. Now you have to hold it, castle and staff it with soldiers to defend your conquered territory and ensure it remains part of your kingdom.Castles were built throughout Eu
4、rope and the Middle East primarily for protection of the king and his people. Some common features of castles include： thick walls and heavy gates to keep invaders out protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover high towers for keeping a lookout over the surrounding gatehouses fbr admitting
5、 allies instead of allowing enemies into the castleThe Place for PalacesPalaces, on the contrary, had no defensive purposes. They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war. Palaces were where the spoils（战利品）of war might be displayed, along with grand architecture, massive banquet
6、 halls, golden table settings and maybe even hundreds of luxuriously decorated rooms.While kings certainly took up residence in palaces as well as castles, nonmilitary royals might also have lived in （or still live in） palaces. Ministers could live in castles to show the power of their riches rather
7、 than their nonexistent military power. The term comes from Palatine Hill in Rome. 21. Which of the following is one feature of castles?A. Low towers surrounding castles.B. Defensive low walls for shooting.C. Gatehouses allowing enemies into the castle.D. Thick walls and heavy gates to lock invaders
8、 in.22. Why were palaces first built?A. To accommodate ordinary soldiers.B. To defend the kings conquered territory.C. To show off the art of royal painting,D. To display huge success of the war.23. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To list the reasons for kings living in palaces.B , To make a
9、 comparison between castles and palaces.C To talk about the value of castles in modern times.D. To show palaces are more popular than castles.【答案】21-23 BDB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过对比介绍了城堡和宫殿的不同。21 .细节理解题。根据 The Case for Castles 部分中的“protective low walls for archers to shoot with cover”可知，用于射击的防御性低墙是城堡的特征之
10、一。故选B。22 .细节理解题。根据 The Place for Palaces 部分中的“They were first meant for showing off the great victory of the war.”可知，宫殿最初被建是为了炫耀战争的伟大胜利。故选D。23 .推理判断题。本文在第二段“It turns out there is a difference, and you can find it pretty plainly in these two popular buildings.”就说明了城堡和宫殿是有区别的。然后分别用两部分The Case for Cast
11、lesThe Place for Palaces详细地介绍了城堡和宫殿的特点。所以可知，本段的写作目的就是为了对城堡和宫殿做一个对比。故选B。【答案】24-27 CABB【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者和朋友乘坐火车穿越加拿大的经历，描述了他们 在路途中的所见所闻和感受。24 .细节理解题。根据第一段中“Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada fbr the month of July. The ticket was a
12、bargain $150. ” 加拿大铁路之旅为18至25岁的年轻人提供了在7月份乘坐火车穿越加拿大的机会。特价票 150美元。由此可知，是加拿大铁路公司提供的特价票，让作者穿越加拿大的火车冒险变成 了现实。故选C。25 .推理判断题。对于一群20多岁的年轻人来说，这就像是雏鸟第一次从巢里飞出来。 当我们早上到达火车站时，我们从Sudbury到Vancouver的22天冒险就要开始了。由于睡眠 不足，我们的眼睛都肿了起来，我们跳上了火车，就好像是哈利波特里开往霍格沃茨的 火车。由此可推知，年轻人对即将到来的火车旅行很兴奋。故选A。26 .词义猜测题。根据第三段中At night, we wou
13、ld climb up the glass-domed train car, which gave us a scenic view of the starry night sky, untouched by the harmful light pollution.“可知 晚上，我们会爬上玻璃圆顶车厢，在那里我们可以看到满天星斗的夜空，没有受到有害的光 污染。以及划线短语上文“And this time we were greeted by night sky painted by a fantastic thunderstorm. Lightning was striking at an i
14、ncredible rate. The spectacular and memorable light show left everyone.”可知这次迎接我们的是描绘着梦幻般的雷雨的夜空。闪电以令人难以置 信的速度袭来。壮观而难忘的光影秀让“the glass bubble”里的每个人都难以置信。由此可知， “the glass bubble”指的是玻璃穹顶的火车车厢。故选B。27 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ive learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.可知我明白了旅途比目的地更令人愉快。由此
15、可推知，作者从穿越加拿大的 火车冒险中学到了享受一段旅程很重要。故选B。【答案】28-31 CBDB【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍Terence利用3D打印技术成功地为一只小鸭子 做了一条假肢，让那些关心动物的人看到了治疗受伤动物的一种可行方法。28 .细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Within a few hours, an aggressive chicken attacked the two, killing Dudleys brother and leaving him with a disability!”几个小时后,一只有攻击性的鸡 袭击了他们俩，杀死了 Dudley的哥哥，
16、并使它成为残疾!可知，Dudley受到了鸡的攻击而失 去了一条腿，故选C。29 .细节理角军题。根据文章第三段Determined to help him, Doug Nelson, the owner of the shelter decided to consult Terence Loring, the founder of a design firm that among other things also offers 3D printing designs.为了帮助他，该收容所的主人 Doug Nelson 决定咨询 Terence Loring, 后者是一家设计公司的创始人，该公
17、司也提供3D打印设计。可知，Terence的公司除了 3D 打印设计，还提供其他服务。故选B。30 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Using his biomedical engineering training, Terence spent the next few weeks creating a 3D template（模板），after he found out how ducks legs work in YouTube videos about ducks. Terence利用他的生物医学工程训练，在YouTube上关于鸭子的 视频中发现鸭子的腿是如何工作的之后，他花了几周时间创建
18、了一个3D模板。可知，Terence 先从YouTube视频上看鸭子腿的运动原理，然后再利用自己生物医学工程方面的知识制作 出了一个3D模板，故选D。31 .推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The best part is that Terence has put all the designs on his website so that anyone wishing to help out an animal suffering from a similar injury can do so, by simply hitting the print button on his/her 3D
19、printer! Terence 把所有的设计都放在了他的网 站上，这样任何想要帮助遭受类似伤害的动物的人都可以这样做，只需点击他/她的3D打印 机上的打印按钮!可推断，让Terence最高兴的是，他的这一做法让那些关心动物的人看到了 治疗受伤动物的一种可行方法。故选B。【答案】32-35 CBCD【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项研究结果：新的AI技术可以通过跳舞者独特的跳 舞“指纹”来识别他们。32 .细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“They recently made an accidental discovery while trying to see if an ML machine
20、, a form of artificial intelligence, would be able to identify which kind of music was playing based on how the participants of the study were dancing.“他们在尝试 看人工智能ML机器是否能够根据研究参与者跳舞的方式来识别出播放的音乐时，有了一个 意外发现。可知，研究人员期望用ML机器根据舞蹈者的动作识别音乐。故选C。33 .细节理解题。根据文章第三段中It was the movement of participants9 heads, sho
21、ulders and knees that were important markers in distinguishing between individual.”参与者头部、 肩膀 和膝盖的运动是区分个体的重要标志。可知，跳舞者的脚部运动不能帮助AI技术确定跳舞 者的身份。故选B。34 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“researchers say that they are not as interested in possible surveillance （监视）uses of this technology, but rather what the results of this
22、study say about how humans respond to music.”研究人员说他们感兴趣的不是这种技术的监视用途，而是这项研究 关于人类对音乐是如何反应的结果。可知，研究人员想用这个研究的结果来了解人类对音乐 的反应。故选C。35 .主旨大意题。文章第一段提到“whatever it is, the way we dance to a beat is so noticeable to an individual that a computer can now identify us by our unique dancing fingerprint. 不管是 什么舞蹈，我
23、们跟着节拍跳舞的方式对一个人来说是如此明显，以至于电脑现在可以通过我 们独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别我们。第三段中提到研究人员Pasi Saari所说的话“It seems as though a persons dance movements a kind of fingerprint. Each person has a unique movement signature that stays the same no matter what kind of music is playing.一个人的舞蹈动作就好像是一种指纹。每个人都有自己独特的动作特征，无论演奏什么音乐，这些特征都是不变的。
24、由此可知，文章是关于新的AI技术能够通过独特的跳舞“指纹”来识别跳舞者。D项“新的AI 技术能够通过你的跳舞“指纹”来识别你”可以作为本文标题。故选Do【答案】36-40 BDFGA【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了金融教育意识的困境。今天的大多数年轻人都会 把它看作是某些特定的人在金融界谋生的必要条件。实际上，基础金融教育是所有人的必修 课。36 . 根据上文 When it comes to financial education, the majority of today 9s youth will regard it as a necessity for certain spec
25、ific people who want to make their career in the financial world. 可 知，今天的大多数年轻人都会把它看作是某些特定的人在金融界谋生的必要条件；再根据下 文 Actually, elementary financial education is a must for all, as money transaction is an essential part of our day-to-day life.可知，实际上，基础金融教育是所有人的必修课。故B项（然而, 他们忽略了一个重要的问题）串联上下文，符合题意。故选B。37 .根据
26、下文The explanation goes as follows可知，此句是对一个问题的解释；再分析 本段可知，本段主要讲述了金融知识对我们社会非常的重要。故D项（为什么金融知识对我 们的社会如此重要？）适合做本段主旨句。故选D。38 . 根据上文 Researchers on this subject say people with a high degree of financial literacy are more likely to plan for their retirement.可知,金融知识程度高的人更有可能为退休做打算，这说金融知识程度高的人的一个特点，F项（此外，这些人
27、的财富是那些没有财富的人的两 倍多）是其另外一个特点。故F项是对上文的补充说明，符合题意。故选F。39 .根据上文 Thus, the cost of this financial ignorance is very high.可知,这种财务无知 的代价是非常高的。故G项（例如，他们经常延迟信用卡付款、超支信用额度等）是对上 文的具体说明，符合题意。故选G。40 .根据上文What is the solution?可知，对以上问题的解决办法是什么，以及根据下文 Like reading and math, financial education must become part of the
28、core curriculum in our schools. 可知，金融教育必须成为我们学校核心课程的一部分。故A项（金融教育必须及早开始）承 接上下文，符合题意。故选A。【答案】41-45 BADAD 46-50 BDADC 51-55 BCADB【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的大学朋友决定在生日时做一些善行而不是收礼物。作 者和朋友在生日那天一起为学校的安保人员送巧克力热饮作为朋友的生日礼物。通过这件 事，作者明白了一个微小的善举都可以产生巨大的能量，这是一个最好的礼物。41 .考查名词词义辨析。结合上下文可知，此处是指朋友请求（request）作者和他一起 做这件事，故选B项。42 .
29、考查固定搭配。根据下文的 I asked him how he could come up with such a idea.可知，作者被朋友的想法难住了（stuck）,故选A项。43 .考查形容词词义辨析。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者认为朋友想在生日时做好事 的想法很新颖（novel）,故选D。44 .考查动词短语辨析。plan out精心安排，筹划；take over接管；watch for当心；等 待；hold back退缩。根据语境可知作者接受了朋友的建议，所以开始策划，尤其是下文的We decided to make a large pot of hot 可知，此处用“筹划（plan
30、 out） ”符合语境，故选 A项。45 .考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“security guards和下句keeping watch on every corner 可知是保护（protect）学生，故选D。46 .考查名词短语辨析。st叩by step逐步地；around the clock日夜不停；more or less 多或少；now and then时不时。此句中的they指上文的“security guards，可知，这些保安人 员要全天工作（around the clock）,故选B。47 .考查形容词词义辨析。grow/get accustomed to为固定搭配，意为“习惯
31、于根据下文的let alone acknowledging their efforts可知，此处用“习惯”符合语境，故选D。48 .考查名词辨析。因为习惯了到处都是警卫，因此最终几乎注意不到他们的存在 (presence)。故选 A。49 .考查名词辨析。根据下文we poured them each a cup of hot chocolate可知我们决定为 保安制作热巧克力(chocolate),故选D。50 .考查名词辨析。根据下文的 after a while he was helping us the guards 可知，此处用“安保人员(guards) ”符合语境，guards是原
32、词复现，故选C项。51 .考查副词义辨析。根据下文的 but after a while he was helping us the guards 可知，此处用“最初(initially) ”符合语境，after和initially是反义词复现，故选B项。52 .考查动词词义辨析。根据“take us around the campus where we know”可知，此处是指 司机也帮着他们在校园的角落里找(spot)安保人员，故选C项。故选C。53 .考查动词词义辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指作者和朋友的精神也传播给(spread) 了司机，故选A项。54 .考查名词词义辨析。此处是指收到
33、巧克力热饮的安保人员都用微笑(smiles)向作 者他们表示感谢，故选D项。55 .考查形容词词义辨析。结合上文内容可知，作者和朋友只是为安保人员提供热饮, 是一个小小(small)的行为，故选B项。【答案】that57. an 58. them59. are stored 60. to61. amazing 62. were 63. association 64. to buy 65. which【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气味在人的大脑中的储存机制。56 .考查主语从句。句意：科学家们相信气味能唤起遥远记忆的感觉。空处引导主语从 句，it为形式主语，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故应用
34、that引导。故填that。57 .考查冠词。句意：科学家们说，大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味，并将它们储存几 十年。area为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且area是发音以元音音素开头的单 词，应用an。故填an。58 .考查代词。句意：科学家们说，大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味，并将它们储存几 十年。空处作动词store的宾语，应用they的宾格形式them。故填them。59 .考查动词时态语态。句意:德国鲁尔大学的Christina Strauch说，气味储存在嗅觉大脑 中。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的 被动语态，主语为smells,
35、谓语动词用复数。故填are stored。60 .考查介词。句意：“olfactory”这个词是指任何与嗅觉有关的东西。结合句意表示“与有关”可知短语为be related to。故填to。61 .考查形容词。句意：厨房里烘烤的饼干的香味，或者家里做的菜的香味，都能勾起成 长的美好回忆。修饰后文名词memories,应用形容词amazing,作定语。故填amazing。62 .考查虚拟语气。句意：有些气味会让你希望回到过去，或者让你想要逃离，这取决于 这种气味是有积极的还是消极的联想。wish后跟宾语从句时，要用虚拟语气。此处表示与 现在事实相反的愿望，从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时，故be动词
36、应用were。故填were。63 .考查名词。句意：有些气味会让你希望回到过去，或者让你想要逃离，这取决于这种 气味是有积极的还是消极的联想。根据上文“has a positive or negative”可知应填单数名词 association, 作宾语。故填 association。64 .考查非谓语动词。句意：气味甚至可以促使你去商店购物。结合句意表示“促使某人做 某事”可知短语为 encourage sb. to do sth.o故填 to buyo.考查定语从句。句意：许多商店会引入某种气味来唤起特定的记忆，让人们购买多年 前喜欢的东西。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中
37、缺少主语，故应用关 系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。CABBMy mother always told me, “You should explore your own country before stepping out into the world. However, it seems like a tough mission to travel all across its expansive surfaces. But luckily for me, Via Rail Canada offered youths between the ages
38、 of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada for the month of July. The ticket was a bargain $150. My best friends Trevor, Joel and Jeremy and I immediately jumped at the opportunity and secured four tickets on the great Canadian railroad.For a group of 20-year-olds, this was like the fi
39、rst flight of young birds from the nest. When we approached the train station in the morning, our 22-day adventure from Sudbury to Vancouver was to begin. Eyes baggy from lack of sleep, we jumped on board as if it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter. Although the thought of three full days on
40、those tracks covering close to 3, 000 kilometres crushed our spirits a little, what happened next caught us by surprise.The three days on board turned into a summer camp on rails. At night, we would climb up the glass-domed train car, which gave us a scenic view of the starry night sky, untouched by
41、 the harmful light pollution. Before we knew it, the warm sun rays beating down on our faces woke us up for another day on the rails. To my surprise, a sea of golden grain fields dominated the landscape we were in the Canadian Prairies.Another day slipped away and we set up for another night in the
42、dome. And this time we were greeted by night sky painted by a fantastic thunderstorm. Lightning was striking at an incredible rate. The spectacular and memorable light show left everyone in the glass bubble in complete disbelief.Arriving in the Rocky Mountains was one of the most surrealistic（超现实的）e
43、xperiences of my life. Before the train adventure, if I could have skipped the travel and arrived at the destination, I would have. That is no longer true. Ive learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.24. What has made the authors train adventure across Canada a reality?A.
44、 The encouragement given by his mother.B , The appeal of the scenic views in the country.C. The discount ticket offered by Via Rail Canada.D. His great courage to challenge a tough mission.25 . What can we infer about the young people from Paragraph 2?A. They were excited about the coming train jour
45、ney.B , They left their parents for the first time in their life.C. They never thought of having a train adventure.D. They were hooked by the magic story of Harry Potter.26. What does “the glass bubble in the fourth paragraph refer to?A.A brain in lack of imagination.B.The glass-domed train car.C.A
46、summer camp on the train.D.The sightseeing bus.27. What did the author learn from the train adventure across Canada?A.Opportunities are hard to get.B.Enjoying a journey countsalot.C.Splendid scenery attracts young people. D.The traveling experience isnot real to him.CBDBJust when we thought we had s
47、een all the magical things that 3D printing can do, here comes another-a working artificial leg has transformed the life of a little Canadian duckling（小鸭）called Dudley, who had been struggling to get by after losing a leg.The story began on August 19th, 2013, when the newly-born healthy Dudley and h
48、is brother were placed inside a chicken coop（笼子）at the K9-1-1 Animal and Rescue Services in Sicamous, British Columbia. Within a few hours, an aggressive chicken attacked the two, killing Dudleys brother and leaving him with a disability!While Dudley could swim with his single leg, he had a hard tim
49、e walking on the firm ground. Determined to help him, Doug Nelson, the owner of the shelter decided to consult Terence Loring, the founder of a design firm that among other things also offers 3D printing designs.Given that he had just launched 3 pillar designs, Terence somewhat hesitated to take on a duckling as his first client（客户）