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1、新 视 野 英 语 2 复 习 题 passagePassage 1Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful?This might be calledlaziness,but Dr.Kleitman has a new explanation.He has proved that everyone has a dailyenergy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you are hot.
2、Thats tree.The time of day when you feel most energetic（精 力 充 沛 的）is when your cycle ofbody temperature is at this peak（高 峰）.For some people the peak comes during the morning.Forothers it comes in the afternoon or evening.No one has discovered why this is so,but it leads tosuch familiar words as:Get
3、 up,John!Youll be late for work again!H The possible explanationto the trouble is he is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening.Much family quarrellingends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean,and which cycle eachmember of the family has.You can*t change your energ
4、y cycle,but you can learn to make your life fit it better.Habitcan help,Dr.Kleitman believes.Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up lateanyway.Counteract（对 抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually（习 惯 性 的）staying up laterthan you want to.If your energy is low in the morning but
5、 you have an important job to do early inthe day,rise before your usual hour.This wont change your cycle,but youll get up steam andwork better at your low point.Get off to a slow start,which saves your energy.Get up with aleisurely yawn（呵 欠）and stretch.Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putt
6、ing your feet onthe floor.Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible,do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy foryour sharper hours.1.Dr.Kleitman thinks t h a t.A.getting up late in the morning means lazinessB.if
7、your energy peak is in the evening,you might like getting up earlyC.people can do nothing about energy cycleD.spending some time yawning and stretching helps to keep you energetic2.According to the passage,family quarrels may result f r o m.A.the same energy cycle of family membersB.unawareness of d
8、ifferent energy cyclesC.failing to get up early in the morningD.knowledge of energy cycles3.If you are used to getting up late in the morning,you are likely to be most e n e r g e t i c.A.in the morningB.at noonC.in the afternoonD.in the evening4.Whats the likely relationship between energy cycle an
9、d body temperature?A.Energy cycle and body temperature are the same things.B.The higher your temperature is,the less energetic you are.C.The higher your temperature is,the more energetic you are.D.There is no direct relation between them.5.Which of the following statements is not true?A.One can chan
10、ge his energy cycle once he makes up his mind.B.We still dont know why people have different energy cycles.C.Habit will help to make our life fit energy cycles better.D.If you rise earlier than usual,you will be more efficient at your low point in the morning.Passage 2The energy crisis,which is bein
11、g felt around the world,has dramatized how the careless useof the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster.Theover-development of motor transport,with its increase of more cars,more highways,morepollution,more suburbs,more commuting,has contributed to the near-destructio
12、n of our cities,thebreakup of the family,and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth*s atmosphere.The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisis.Our present situation is unlike war,revolution or depression.It is also unlike the greatnatural disasters of the past.Worldwid
13、e resource exploitation and energy use have brought us to astate where long-range planning is essential.What we need is not a continuation of our presentserious state,which endangers the future of our country,our children,and our earth,but amovement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and
14、 effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of lost morality and therevelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land.There is a strongdemand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet persona
15、l enough toenlist the devotion of all.In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country andtheir own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves whole-heartedly.This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and that we hold dear incooperation w
16、ith all the other inhabitants of this planet,who share with us the same endangeredair and the same endangered oceans.There is a common need to reassess our present course,tochange that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive,This is apriceless opportunity.To grasp it we
17、need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting us andthe world is a crisis that is no passing inconvenience,no by-product of the ambitions of theoil-producing countries,no environmentalists mere fears,no by-producing countries,noby-product of any present system of the last four
18、hundred years.What we need is a transformedlife style.This new life style can flow directly from science and technology,but its acceptancedepends on a:sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children andfuture generation.1.Which condition does the author feel has nearly d
19、estroyed our cities?A)Lack of financial planning.B)The breakup of the family.C)Natural disasters in ninny regions.D)The excessive growth of motors.2.According to the author,what is one example of our loss of morality?A)Disregard for law.B)Lack of devotion.C)Lack of cooperation.D)Exploitation of reso
20、urces.3.By comparing past problems with present ones,the author draws attention to theA)significance of this crisis B)inadequacy of governmentC)similarity of the past to the present D)hopelessness of.the situation4.What contribution does the author feel people must now make.*A)Search for new energy
21、sources.B)Outlaw motor transportationC)Accept a new lifestyle D)Adopt a new form of government.5.The word“revival(Sentence 2,Para.3)most probably means A)survival B)destructionC)removal D)comebackPassage 3The forest from which man takes his timber is the tallest and most impressive plantcommunity on
22、 Earth.In terms of mans brief life it appears permanent and unchanging,but to theforester it represents the climax of a long succession of events.No wooded landscape we see today has been forest for all time.Plants have minimumrequirements of temperature and moisture and,in ages past,virtually every
23、 part of Earths surfacehas at some time been either too dry or too cold for plants to survive.However,as soon as climaticconditions in favor of plant life,a fascinating sequence of changes occurs,called a primarysuccession.First to colonize the barren land are the lowly lichens,surviving on bare roc
24、k.Slowly,the acids produced by these organisms crack the rock surface,plant debris accumulates,andmosses establish a shallow root-hold.Fems may follow and,with short grasses and shrubs,gradually form a covering of plant life.Roots probe even deeper into the developing soil andeventually large shrubs
25、 give way to the first trees.These grow rapidly,cutting off sunlight fromthe smaller plants,and soon establish complete domination-closing their ranks and forming aclimax community which may endure for thousands of years.Yet even this community is not everlasting.Fire may destroy its outright and se
26、ttlers maycut it d own to gain land for pasture or cultivation.Of course the land is then abandoned,asecondary succession will take over,developing much faster on the more hospitable soil.Shrubsand trees are among the early invaders,their seeds carried by the wind,by birds and lodged in thecoats of
27、mammals.For as long as it stands and thrives,the forest is a vast machine storing energy and manyelements essential for life.1.Why does the forest strike mankind as permanent?A)The trees are so tall.B).It is renewed each season.C)Our lives are short in comparison.D)It is an essential part of our liv
28、es.2.What has sometimes caused plants to die out in the past?A)Interference from foresters.B)Variations in climate.C)The absence of wooded land.D)The introduction of new types of plants.3.In a primary succession1(Line 5,Para.2),what makes it possible for mosses to take root?A)The type of rock.B)The
29、amount of sunlight.C)The amount of enclosure.D)The effect of lichens.4.What condition is needed for shrubs to become established in the secondary succession?A)Ferns must take root.B)Their seeds were carried to the abandoned land.C）More soil must accumulate.D）The ground must be covered with grass.5.W
30、hy is a secondary succession*（Para.4）quicker?A）The ground is more suitable.B）There is more space for new plants.C）Birds and animals bring new seeds.D）It is supported by the forest.Passage 4The chief purpose of work is not to produce things but to build the man,It is not so importantwhat shape or for
31、m our work may take;what is vitally important is our attitude toward that work.Even if the particular duty is one which doesnt seem worth doing,if you must do it,it isimportant to do it right.Even if no one else will ever know whether you did it right or not,youwill know.By making a commitment（承 诺）t
32、o quality work,you make a commitment to yourselfto develop your abilities and self-respect,to do the best you can do and be the best you can be.When you do as little as possible or just enough to get by,you are not merely cheating youremployer,your customers,your clients,and your co-workers,but most
33、 importantly,you cheatyourself.You cheat yourself out of an opportunity to develop pride and self-worth.You cheatyourself out of an opportunity to meet a challenge and develop your own inner powers andabilities.You may be able to get away with cheating others,but you never get away with cheatingyour
34、self.Thus,the key is a commitment to yourself to use every possible opportunity forself-development and treat every work assignment,no matter how small or boring,as a challengethat can be used in your development.Work is a projection（投 影）of self.Consciousness（感 觉、意 识）can regard any job as apotential
35、 opportunity for self-expression,for play,for creativity,for the furtherance（推 动）of socialobjectives,and it can arrange the factors in the job so that they form a means of self-expression.Most jobs contain at least some limited options for creativity.To the extent that any job canbe done in differen
36、t ways,the job presents you with an opportunity to project your unique abilitiesand values into that job.Any type of communication,written or spoken,presents a significantopportunity for creative expression.Even if your efforts are reviewed and must be toned down tofit into the mold（模 型）of your orga
37、nization,there is always a slight opening through which youcan project your unique personality.Use these opportunities to express and confirm yourexistence.1.The most important thing about work i s.A.to produce thingsB.the shape ones work takesC.the amount of money it makesD.ones attitude towards th
38、e work2.If the work doesnt seem worth doing,you s h o u l d.A.give it upB.tell others to do itC.stop in the middleD.perform it carefully3.What can work assignments offer people?A.An opportunity to develop oneself.B.A chance to get away with cheating themselvesC.Few options for creativity.D.A way to
39、get rid of your unique personality.4.Which of the following statements is not true?A.Sometimes you have to adjust yourself to your work.B.There is space for you to show your creativity.C.Work must be done in one way in order to be the most efficientD.You may never cheat yourself.5.The main idea of t
40、he passage isA.how to improve your creativityB.the importance of projecting your values into your jobC.when to express yourselfD.how to change ones personalityPassage 5Human migrations(移 居 国 夕 卜)within recorded history have transformed the entire character oflands and continents and the composition
41、of their racial,ethnic and language groups.The map ofEurope,for example,is the product of several major early migrations involving the Germanicpeoples,the Slavs,and the Turks.The overseas migration of Europeans during this period totaledabout 60 million people.The largest migration in history has be
42、en called the Great Atlantic Migration from Europe toNorth America,the first major wave of which began in the 1840s with mass movements fromIreland and Germany.In the 1880s a second and larger wave developed from eastern and southernEurope;between 1880 and 1910 some 17 million Europeans entered the
43、United States.The totalnumber of Europeans reaching the United States amounted to 37 million between 1820 and 1980.From 1801 to 1914 about 7.5 million people moved from European to Asiatic Russia(i.e.,Siberia),and between World Wars I and II about 6 million more chose to move there,not counting the
44、vastnumber of deportees who were forced to go to Siberias labor camps.Since World War II thelargest migrations have involved groups from developing countries moving to the industrializednations.Some 13 million people moved across borders to become permanent residents of WesternEurope from the 1960s
45、through the 1980s,and more than 10 million permanent immigrants wereadmitted legally to the United States in that same period,with illegal immigration adding severalmillions more.Slave migrations and mass expulsions also have been part of human history for thousands ofyears.The largest slave migrati
46、ons were probably those compelled by European slave tradersoperating in Africa from the 16th to the 19th century;perhaps 20 million slaves were taken to theAmericas,though a large number died in terrible conditions of the trip across the Atlantic Ocean.The largest mass expulsions(马 区 逐)have probably
47、 been those imposed by Nazi Germany,whichdeported 7 to 8 million persons during World War II(1939-45).The major trend in internalmigration during the 20th century has been the movement from rural to urban areas.As aconsequence,urban growth since World War II has been very rapid in much of the world,
48、particularly in developing countries.1.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The map of Europe is the product of several major early migrations.B.Human migrations within recorded history have changed the world.C.The overseas migration of Europeans totaled about 60 million peopleD.The first major wa
49、ve of migration began in the 1840s.2.The following statements are true E X C E P T.A.the largest mass expulsions have been those imposed by Nazi Germany.B.the largest slave migrations were compelled by European slave traders.C.the largest migration in history has been called the Great Atlantic Migra
50、tion.D.between World War I and II,about 6 million people migrated to Europe.3.How many people moved across borders to become permanent residents of Western Europefrom the 1960s through the 1980s?A.More than 10 million.B.Some 13 million.C.17 million.D.20 million.4.Where did the people of the first ma