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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 名词专项 名 词 一、可数名词与不可数名词 1.名词的复数构成规则 一般在词尾直接加-s。如 desk desks,mapmaps,pencilpencils,questionquestions,letterletters。以字母 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如 busbuses,thermosthermoses,classclasses,glassglasses,boxboxes,brushbrushes,wishwishes,matchmatches,sandwichsandwiches,watchwatches。但 stomachstomachs
2、等。以字母 f,fe 结尾的名词，把 f,fe 变为 v,再加-es。如 halfhalves,leafleaves,selfselves,shelfshelves,knifeknives,lifelives,thiefthieves,wife wives。以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词，先变 y 为 i,再加-es。如 citycities,babybabies,factoryfactories。但是 MaryMarys,Henery Henerys,Germany Germanys 等专有名词则直接加-s。以“辅音字母o”结尾的名词加-es。如 zerozeroes,tomatotomatoe
3、s,potatopotatoes,heroheroes。但不少以o 结尾的外来词变复数时只加-s。如 radioradios,photo photos,piano pianos,zoozoos 等。字母、数字、符号及单词的复数形式通常在词尾加-s,以免引起误解。There are three es in the word“temperature”.“温度”这个单词中有三个字母 e。Hes got four 5s.他得了四个五分。There are five ands in this sentence.这个句子中有五个 and。表示国籍的名词变复数中日不变英法变，其它 s 加后面 Chinese
4、，Japanese，Swiss 不变，单复数一样 Frenchman,Frenchwoman,Englishman,Englishwoman,改变 man 和 woman 以-an结尾的，在词尾+s,下面表示“某国人”的名词变复数需加-s。如;German-Germans,Roman-Romans,Norman-Normans,AmericaAmericans,AsianAsians,AustralianAustralians,EuropeanEuropeans,GreekGreeks,ArabArabs,HungarianHungarians 符合名词变复数有中心词，中心词变，无中心词，词尾
5、变，man 和 woman 构成的复合词，两者都要变。由若干部分组成并含有一种中心词（指人的词）将中心词变为复数形式 如：son-in-law（女婿）sons-in-law grandchild（孙子）grandchildren looker-on（旁观者）lookers-on 组成部分没有中心词 最后一个组成词上加 s。如：grown-up（成年人）grown-upsgo-between（中间人）go-betweens 组成部分均为表示人的主体词 各组成部分都要变为复数形式 如：woman doctor（女医生）women doctorman servant（男仆）men servants
6、2.不规则变化：通过改变词内元音字母 manmen footfeet toothteeth mousemice（老鼠）通过在词尾加-en oxoxen（牛）childchildren 单复数形式相同 a sheeptwo sheepa deer two deer（鹿）a Chinesetwo Chinese（中国人）外 来 词 保 持 其 原 有 的 复 数 形 式 crisiscrises（危 机）basisbases（基 础）phenomenon phenomena（现象）3.只有复数形式的名词 由相同两部分组成的物体的名称 scissors（剪刀）trousers（裤子）glasses（
7、眼镜）compasses(圆规)，学习必备 欢迎下载 chopsticks(筷子)以-ing 结尾的名词化的动名词 savings（积蓄）earnings（工资）belongings（所有物）surroundings（周围环境）已约定俗成的名词形式 arms（武器）stairs（楼梯）thanks（感谢）clothes(衣服)，goods(货物)，people(人们)4.不可数名词 表示无法分清个体的名词。不过，有些词在汉语中可数，在英语中却不可数。例如：news（新闻）、furniture（家具）、bread（面包）等。此类不可数名词要表示“一”这个概念时，需用其它方式表达，如 a piec
8、e of news，a piece of furniture，a loaf of bread 等。一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，通常没有复数形式，但有时为了表示“不同类”或“大量”时，可以用复数形式，例如：China is rich in waters.中国有丰富的水资源 常见的不可数名词：advice（意见），labor（劳动），information（信息、消息），furniture（家具），air(空气)beef(牛肉)bread(面包)chalk(粉笔)coal(煤)coffee(咖啡)cotton(棉花)fish(鱼)food(食物)fruit(水果)hair(头发)hea
9、lth(健康)homework(家庭作业)housework(家务)ice(冰)meat(肉)metal(金属)milk(牛奶)money(金钱)music(音乐)mutton(羊肉)news(消息)noise(噪声)orange(桔汁)paper(纸)pork(猪肉)rice(大米)salt(盐)sand(沙子)silk(丝绸)snow(雪)tea(茶)temperature(温度)time(时间)teamwork(协同工作)treasure(金银财宝)water(水)weather(天气)wind(风)wood(木头)wool(羊毛)work(工作)5.不可数名词用 a piece of.
10、一类词组表示数量关系 a piece of bread/meat 一块面包/肉 two pieces of paper 两张纸 three bottles of orange 三瓶桔汁 four glasses of milk 四杯牛奶 five drops of water 五滴水 six bags of rice 六袋大米 seven pairs of shoes 七双鞋 eight baskets of fruit 八筐水果 nine pieces of news 九条消息 ten cups of tea 十杯茶 6.使用名词单复数应注意的事项 (1)表示不可数名词量的概念，要使用单位名
11、词。(2)某些数量词组只能修饰可数名词，如 many,few,a number of 等 (3)某些数量词组只能修饰不可数名词，如 much,little,a little,a great deal of 等。(4)某些数量词语既可以修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。如 some,lots of,a lot of 等。(5)有些名词的复数形式表示特殊的意义，如 times 时代，works 著作，goods 货物，greens 蔬菜，regards 问候，papers 论文等。(6)有些名词常用复数形式，如 shoes,gloves,savings,findings,trousers等。(7)表
12、示学科的名词看上去是复数，其意义是单数，如 physics,politics,mathematics 等。二、名词所有格 1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加-s。Miss Greens coat 格林小姐的大衣 Jims sister 吉姆的姐妹 Womens Day 妇女节 2.以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词右上方加“”。the twins bedroom 那对孪生子的卧室 the teachers reading-room 教员阅览室 the workers club 工人俱乐部 Teachers Day 教师节 以辅音字母结尾的名词加如但不少以结尾的外来词变
13、复数时只加如等字其它加后面不变单复数一样改变和以结尾的在词尾下面表示某国人的名式如女婿孙子旁观者组成部分没有中心词最后一个组成词上加如成年人学习必备 欢迎下载 3.以-s结尾的单数名词或人名后应加-s 构成所有格。a waitresss job 一个女招待的工作 Charless address 查尔斯的地址 但是，以z音结尾的人名的所有格的构成，在其右上方加“”或“-s”均可。James/Jamess wife 詹姆斯的妻子 Engels/Engelss works 恩格斯的著作 Reeves/Reevess mother 丽芙斯的母亲 4.如果某物为两人共有，则只在后一个名词尾加-s;如果
14、不是共有的，则两个名词后都要加-s。Jim and Kates house 吉姆和凯特的房间(共有)Janes and Toms books 珍和汤姆的书(不共有)5.复合名词的所有格在后一个名词后加-s 构成。her son-in-laws photo 她女婿的照片 my sister-in-laws father 我嫂子的父亲 6.表示“某人家”、“店铺”等生活、工作处所的所有格后的名词常省略。at Mr Wangs 在王先生家 at the tailors 在裁缝店 at the barbers 在理发店 7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以其后加-s 构成所有格
15、。todays newspaper今天的报纸 ten minutes walk步行十分钟的路程 two days journey两天的旅程 8.表示无生命的名词，通常用“of+名词”结构来构成所有格。the gate of the school 学校的大门 the center of the city 市中心 9.表示某物的一部分、抽象概念或一个名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时，常用“of+名词”结构表示所有格。the top of the house 房屋的顶部(一部分)the cost of living 生活费用(抽象意义)the book of the boy behind you 你身后
16、面那孩子的书(被短语修饰)10.双重所有格如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+所有格”的形式即双重所有格来表示所有关系。a friend of my fathers我父亲的一位朋友one of my father s friends some inventions of Edisons爱迪生的一些发明 two photos of mine 我的两张照片 易混淆的名词：:day,message,suggestion,job,action,choice,reason,decision,advantage,disadvantage,secret,prize,ide
17、a,way,chance,opportunity,wonder,invention,concert,order,turn,service,achievement,contribution,surprise,difference,feeling,grade,mark,hobby,habit,progress,career,moment,challenge,theme,subject,aim,result,start,custom,task,rest,break,effort,effect,offer,excuse,newspaper,skill,effect,style,size,price,p
18、leasure,environment,government,season,promise,record,vacation,holiday,direction,noodle,side,material,problem,painting.2.un:duty,furniture,music,treasure,hair,money,metal,silk,weather,news,information,advice,work,bread,chalk,interest,fun,room=space,energy,joy,trouble,paper,ice,cloth.名词专项练习 直击中考()1.He
19、 had something to write down and asked me for _.(2005天津)A.a paper B.some pieces of papers C.a piece of paper()2.Mrs Green is _ mother.(2006 山东淄博)A.Mary and Kate B.Marys and Kates C.Mary and Kates ()3.Today is September 10th.Its _ Day.Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers B.Teacher
20、s C.the Teachers (2007 天津)()4.They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus.(2006广西)以辅音字母结尾的名词加如但不少以结尾的外来词变复数时只加如等字其它加后面不变单复数一样改变和以结尾的在词尾下面表示某国人的名式如女婿孙子旁观者组成部分没有中心词最后一个组成词上加如成年人学习必备 欢迎下载 A.visitor B.visitors C.visitors ()5.Id like something to read.Would you please pass me the _?(2003 北京西城区)A.boo
21、k B.box C.ruler ()6.Look at the picture first.If country A is experiencing summer,what is the season in country B?(2004 济南)A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.()7.There are few _ in the fridge.Lets go and buy some peas,carrots and cabbages.(2003 南京)A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat ()8.Mr Green has lived in the _
22、hotel since he came to China.(2003上海)A.five-star B.five-stars C.five stars ()9.Im afraid that there is no _ for you in my car,because there are already five people.A.land B.ground C.room D.floor(2003 山西)()10.The _ now is that we have lots of _ to ask.(天津 2003)A.problem;questions B.question;problems
23、C.question;problem 专项训练()1.Im very thirsty.May I have _,please?A.two cups of teas B.two cups of tea C.two cup of teas()2.How many _ can you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato()3.I feel tired.I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself-You should take _,I think.A.health
24、 B.exercise C.lesson()4.Can you see a little _ in the picture?A.sheep B.dogs C.pigs()5.please help me move the table in.-But there is not enough _ for it.A.place B.floor C.room()6.If these trousers are too big,you can buy a smaller _.A.set B.one C.pair()7.There are _ stamp collectors in our class.A.
25、number B.a number of C.the number of ()8.Mr.Smith told me that he had got _ to do at the moment.A.enough thing B.much enough C.thing enough()9.There_ a box of bananas.A.is B.are C.be ()10.4000 dollars _ enough for me.以辅音字母结尾的名词加如但不少以结尾的外来词变复数时只加如等字其它加后面不变单复数一样改变和以结尾的在词尾下面表示某国人的名式如女婿孙子旁观者组成部分没有中心词最后一
26、个组成词上加如成年人学习必备 欢迎下载 A.is B.are C.be()11.The doctor had saved many _ of the SARS patients before he lost his own _.A.lives,life B.lifes,life C.life,lives()12.She likes to eat _.A.fishes and beefs B.boiling egg C.frozen meat()13._ is a lovely animals A.Pandas B.The panda C.A panda()14.The teacher told
27、 us to hand in the _ on time.A.exercise paper B.exercises papers C.exercise papers()15.I found _ in the city of Beijing.A.a work B.works C.a piece of work()16.English is a bridge _.A.to many knowledges B.to much knowledge C.of many knowledges()17.Han Mei is not feeling very well now.Shes got _.A.cou
28、gh B.a cough C.the cough()18.Beijing is one of the biggest _ in China.A.citys B.city C.cities()19.The boss asked me to buy two _ for his children.A.pair of shows B.pairs of shoe C.pairs of shoes()20.There are many _ in the hospital.A.woman doctors B.wo mans doctors C.women doctors ()21.What _!A.a ni
29、ce weather B.an nice weather C.nice weather()22.There are _ in the garden.A.a kind of flowers B.all kinds of flowers C.a few kind of flowers()23.Less than _ lived there two _ ago.A.hundred of people,hundreds years B.hundreds of peoples,hundred years C.hundreds of people,hundred years()24.Tom regards
30、 Tianjing as his second _because he has been here for over ten years.A.family B.house C.home()25.Ive read _ sports news about the FL race today.A.pieces B.two pieces C.two pieces of()26.We have bought two _ for the coming party.A.box of apple B.boxes of apples C.box of apples()27.Be sure to give me
31、a _when you get to Canada,Lin Tao.A.information B.ring C.idea()28.How many _ do you want?-A kilo,please.A.potato B.bananas C.bread()29.A child asks all kinds of _ while he is growing up.A.troubles B.matters C.questions()30.Would you like _?-Yes,Im thirty.A.any sandwiches B.some bread C.some orange()
32、31.Could you read the English _ on the medicine bottle for me?-OK,let me try A.instructions B.documents C.meanings ()32.They had a _ that the one who lost the game must sing a song.以辅音字母结尾的名词加如但不少以结尾的外来词变复数时只加如等字其它加后面不变单复数一样改变和以结尾的在词尾下面表示某国人的名式如女婿孙子旁观者组成部分没有中心词最后一个组成词上加如成年人学习必备 欢迎下载 A.rule B.goal C.
33、way()33.There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge.A.place B.room C.field ()34.Do you often read English newspapers?-Yes,I usually read China Daily for _ before supper.A.half an hour B.half hour C.an hour half()35.Mrs.Black is _ mother.A.Mary and Kate B.Mary and Kates C.Marys and Kates()36.M
34、r.Green often gives us _ by e mail.A.some news B.such a good news C.so good a news()37.Where is my father?Hes left a _ saying that hes in the office.A.message B.news C.information()38._ space satellites,the world itself is becoming a smaller place.A.Thanks to B.Thanks for C.Thanks()39.-_ is a kind o
35、f drink,isnt it?-Yes,it is.A.Glass B.Orange C.Rice()40.Would you like some _?Oh,yes.Just a little.A.pears B.apples C.sugar()41.What do you do on the farm,Li Wei?-My job is to feed the animals,such as _ and _.A.horses,sheeps B.horse,sheep C.horses,sheep()42.Can you tell me when David will be back?-He
36、 will be back _ time.A.in a few years B.in a few years C.after a few years()43.Ten _ were hurt,but no _ were lost in that accident.A.people,life B.people,lives C.peoples,lives()44.He had something to write down and asked me for _ A.a paper B.some pieces of papers C.a piece of paper()45.My school is
37、about twenty _ walk from here.A.minute B.minutes C.minutes ()46.There is _ on the hill.A.some deers B.much deer C.a little deer()47.Mrs.Brown has a _.A.ten year old boy B.tenyears old boy C.boy of ten()48.One day,the man upstairs heard the _ of children _ in the park.A.noise,to play B.sound,to play
38、C.sound,playing()49.Neither _ good enough for cutting meat.A.knife is B.knives is C.knives are()50.Kate won the _ race in the summer sports meeting.A.100metres B.100metre C.100 metre()51.Every morning my father takes a to his office.A.20 minutess walk B.20 minutes walk C.20-minute walk()52.We are th
39、irsty.Please give us .以辅音字母结尾的名词加如但不少以结尾的外来词变复数时只加如等字其它加后面不变单复数一样改变和以结尾的在词尾下面表示某国人的名式如女婿孙子旁观者组成部分没有中心词最后一个组成词上加如成年人学习必备 欢迎下载 A.one piece of milk B.three cups of tea C.four glass of water ()53.Are they cakes?A.Mrs Green B.Mr Greens C.Green Mrs ()54.If you want to know the meaning of a word,you can lo
40、ok it up in the .A.diary B.table C.dictionary()55.There is only a little in the fridge.Thats not enough for breakfast.A.bread B.eggs C.cakes()56.The cattle _ up in the hill.A.are B.is C.was()57.This is house.There is a tall tree in front of it.A.the Greens B.the Greens C.the Greens()58.Pass her brea
41、d,please.A.a cup of B.a piece of C.a pair of()59.Would you please give me?A.some advice B.any advice C.any advieces ()60.The weather is very wet there because there is rain.A.a few B.many C.much()61.Here are for you,Sue.A.three tomatos B.some tomato C.some potatoes()62.How many would you like?A.bott
42、le of oranges B.bottles of orange C.bottle of orange()63.Near our school there are .A.fruit shops B.fruits shop C.fruits shops()64.Excuse me.Where is the nearest?I want to send a letter.A.park B.bank C.post office()65.We have to tell you.A.a news B.a piece of news C.many news()66.Three are talking w
43、ith two .A.Germans,Japaneses B.Germans,Japanese C.Germen,Japanese()67.This is room.How clean it is!A.Jim and Jacks B.Jims and Jack C.Jims and Jacks()68.Rose is .A.an friend of my B.an old friend of mine C.my an old friend()69.Who are fishing over there?-.A.The Brown B.Brown C.The Browns()70.Are thos
44、e?No,they arent.They are .A.sheep,dog B.sheeps,dogs C.sheep,dogs()71.My mother bought some yesterday.A.potato B.meat C.banana ()72.I cant get on the bus because there is on it.A.few room B.not any rooms C.little room()73.She was born in Shanghai,but Guangzhou is her second .A.home B.house C.family()
45、74.The tastes sweet.A.salt B.sugar C.tea()75.If you get another ,Where do you want most to go?A.way B.chance C.idea()76.Which comes after winter?A.month B.week C.season()77.There are twenty-eight or twenty-nine days in .A.March B.Spring C.February()78.You need good .Please dont read in the sun.A.nos
46、e B.mouth C.eyes()79.In the meeting-room the scientist was giving a talk on space in .A.China B.American C.French()80.An apple a day keep the away.A.postman B.doctor C.daughter()81.Its fifteen walk from my home to our school.A.minute B.minutes C.minutes ()82.Hes a classmate of my .A.brother B.brothe
47、rs C.brothers ()83.They have an daughter.A.eight years old B.eight year old C.eight-year-old()84.Both my mother and Mary are .A.woman doctor B.women doctor C.women doctors 以辅音字母结尾的名词加如但不少以结尾的外来词变复数时只加如等字其它加后面不变单复数一样改变和以结尾的在词尾下面表示某国人的名式如女婿孙子旁观者组成部分没有中心词最后一个组成词上加如成年人学习必备 欢迎下载()85.This is _ reading-roo
48、m.A.the teachers B.teachers C.the teachers()86.Nothing was found but _ broken.A.the room window B.the rooms window C.the window of room()87.How many_ would you like?A.paper B.pieces of bread C.pieces of papers ()88.He was praised for his _.A.brave B.bravery C.bravely ()89.Please get me a new _ when
49、you go to town.A.clothes B.dress C.clothing ()90.There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A.woman B.women C.womans ()91.Some_ are even thinner than your little finger.A.bamboos B.kinds of bamboo C.kinds of bamboos()92.He was born in this town and now he lives in _.A.Building second B.Building Two C.the
50、 Building Two ()93.Old as he is,he has _to do every day.A.a lot of work B.much works C.lots of homeworks ()94.Jacks room is furnished with _.A.new furnitures B.many new furnitures C.many new pieces of furniture()95.Have you read _newspaper yet.A.todays B.Todays C.the todays ()96.Its not far,only _wa