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1、 Unit7Part One Preparation NEXT faculty dropout grade presentation course deadline semester paper degree final dormitory bull sessions(聊天)poster freshman sophomore junior senior undergraduate postgraduate Internship（实习）scholarship seminar syllabus tuitionWords and Phrases Related to College Life Mat
2、hematics,Physics,Mechanical Engineering,Chemical Engineering,Electrical Engineering,Civil Engineering（土木工程),Information Science,Computer Science,Mechanics Architecture,Biochemistry,Management,Foreign Trade,Energy,Medicine,Geology,Philosophy,Law,Economics,International Finance,Earth Science,Agronomy（
3、农学），Microelectronics,Materials,Environmental Science,Life Science,Diplomatic Relations,Aerospace and AeronauticsWhatsYourMajors Education consists mainly of what we have unlearned.-Mark Twain Genius without education is like silver in the mine.-Benjamin Education that which discloses the wise and di
4、sguises from the foolish their lack of understanding.-Ambrose Bierce Education is the chief defence of a nation.Funny College Quotes A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car;but if he has a university education,he may steal the whole railroad.College professor-someone who talk
5、s in other peoples sleep.Economists report that a college education adds many thousands of dollars to a mans lifetime income-which he then spends sending his son to college.If you feel that you have both feet planted on solid ground,then the university has failed you.To be continuedThe freshmen brin
6、g a little knowledge in and the seniors take none out,so it accumulates through the years.You can lead a boy to college,but you cant make him think.（PARODY:You can lead a horse to water but you cant make it drink.牵马到水边容易，逼马饮水难。）Without education we are in a horrible and deadly danger of taking educa
7、ted people seriously.The important thing is the educational experience itself-how to survive it.High School vs College 1.In high school,you do homework.In college,you study.2.No food is allowed in the hall in high school.In college,food must be provided at an event before students will come.3.In col
8、lege,the professors can tell you the answer without looking at the teachers guide.4.In high school,you have to live with your parents.In college,you get to live with your friends.To be continued5.Inhighschool,youretoldwhatclassestotake.Incollege,yougettochoose;thatis,aslongastheclassesdontconflict,y
9、ouhavetheprerequisites,theclassesarentclosed,andyouvepaidyourtuition.6.Inhighschool,freshmanguyshitonseniorgirls.Incollege,seniorguyshitonfreshmangirls7.Incollege,weekendsstartonThursday.8.Inhighschool,youcantgoouttolunchbecauseitsnotallowed.Incollege,youcantgoouttolunchbecauseyoucantaffordit.To be
10、continuedCollege Seniors vs.Freshmen Freshmen:Areneverinbedpastnoon.Seniors:Areneveroutofbedbeforenoon Freshmen:Readthesyllabustofindoutwhatclassestheycanattend.Seniors:Readthesyllabustofindoutwhatclassestheyneedtoattend.Freshman:CallstheprofessorProfessor.Senior:CallstheprofessorBob.“Freshman:Memor
11、izesthecoursematerialtogetagoodgrade.Senior:Memorizestheprofessorshabitstogetagoodgrade.Freshmen:Havetoaskwherethecomputerlabsare.Seniors:Hasownpersonalworkstation.To be continued Freshmen:Usethecampusbusestogoeverywhere.Seniors:Usethecampusbusestorunblockwhilecrossingthestreet.Freshman:Linesupforan
12、hourtobuyhistextbooksinthefirstweek.Senior:StartstothinkaboutbuyingtextbooksinOctober.maybe.Freshman:Looksforwardtofirstclassesoftheyear.Senior:Looksforwardtofirstbeergardenoftheyear.Freshman:IsproudofhisA+onCalculusImidterm.Senior:IsproudofnotquitefailinghisComplexAnalysismidterm.Freshman:Callshisg
13、irlfriendbackhomeeveryothernight.Senior:CallsDominoseveryothernight.to be continued Freshman:Conscientiouslycompletesallhomework,includingoptionalquestions.Senior:Offerstotutorconscientiousfrosh(一年级生)ofoppositesex.Freshman:GoesongroceryshoppingtripwithMombeforemovingontocampusSenior:HasabeerwithMomb
14、eforemovingontocampus.Freshman:Isexcitedabouttheworldofpossibilitiesthatawaitshim,theunlimitedvistaofeducationalopportunities,thechancetoexpandoneshorizonsandreallymakeacontributiontosociety.Senior:Isexcitedaboutnewdryersinlaundryroom.Freshman:Takesmeticulousfour-colornotesinclass.Senior:Occasionall
15、ystaysawakeforallofclasses.InClass Reading Essay I The Commencement Speech Youll Never Hear Essay II College:An all-forgiving world?EssayI 1.The Commencement Speech Youll Never Hmencement 意为毕业典礼汉译：你永远不会听到的毕业典礼演说。2.We the faculty takenopride in our educational achievement with you.(L1)the faculty:all
16、 the teachers take pride in:feel very pleased about 3.You have spent four years supposing that failure leaves no record.(L4-5)spend some time(in)doing sth.此处supposing 为宾语补足语，后接一从句作supposing 的宾语。汉译：你们花了四年时间形成了一个信念，以为失败是不会留下任何记录的。4.when your work goes poorly,the painless solution is to drop out.(L6-8)
17、drop out:leave(school or a course)without finishing She attended Smith College for one year and then dropped out.5.Confronting difficulty by quitting leaves you changed.(L10-11)confronting difficulty by quitting:Facing difficulty by giving up,为动名词作主语汉译：遇难而退也会使你变成另一个人。6.Most of you,after all,can look
18、 back on honor grades for most of what youve done.(L14)after all:毕竟；look back on:回忆；I often look back on my youth and smile at some of the things I did.She looks back on her childhood with affection.honor grades:大学课程中得到的高分。汉泽：毕竟你们中的大多数人都记得在学过的大部分课程中都行过高分 7.So,here grades can have meant little in dis
19、tinguishing the excellent from the ordinary.(L15)grades 指分数，little 为否定，the excellent 指好学生，the ordinary 指普通学生。8.You will be ill-advised to demand praise for what does not deserve it,and abuse those who do not give it.（17-18）ill-advised:不明智的，愚蠢的，demand 和abuse 为并列不定式短语作原因状语，汉译：假如你们要求得到你们不该得到的表扬，诋毁那些不表扬
20、你们的人，这是不明智的做法。9.deserve(L18)vt.Good work deserves good work.These people deserved to make more than the minimum wage.Youve been working all morning-you deserve a rest.One of them said the two dead joy riders got what they deserved.我离开那公司的时候，他已经变得不友好了。我觉的他不应该这样对我。By the time we left the company,hed b
21、ecome pretty hostile.I felt I deserved better than that.10.For years we created an altogether forgiving world,in which whatever slight effort you gave was all that was demanded.(L19-20)in which 引导一个非限制性定语从句用于说明forgiving world；主谓句you gave 作whatever slight effort 的定语，all that=what,all that was demande
22、d 为表语从句。汉译：多年来，我们创造了一个十分宽容的世界，在这里，我们所要求于你们的仅仅是一点微不足道的努力。11.When you tossed on our desks writing upon which you had not laboured,we read it and even responded,as though you earned a response.(L25-26)toss:throw lightly or carelessly labour:work with great efforts I laboured through Homers Iliad with a
23、 Greek dictionary.The boat laboured upriver.earn:deserve Its been a tough six months and I feel Ive earned a few weeks off.12.College has spoiled you by reading papers that dont deserve to be read,listening to comments that dont deserve a hearing,paying attention even to the lazy,ill-informed and ru
24、de.（35-37）三个由by引导的方式状语指出学校通过这些方式将学生都“惯坏”了，使意思表达层层推进。译文：大学毁了你们，让你们阅读那些不值得一读的论文，听那些不值得一听的评论，甚至要尊重那些无所事事、孤陋寡闻、极不文明的人。13.Wehadtodoit,for the sake ofeducation.(L37)forthesakeof:inordertohelp,improveorpleasesomeoneorsomething The old man gave up smoking for the sake of health.You are only arguing for the
25、sake of arguing.Lets not disagree for the sake of a few pounds.14.when they give you what you want but have not earned,dont abuse them,insult them,act out with them your parlous relationships with your parents.(L44-46)act out:copy the actions which took place The groups act out the stories in such a
26、 way that the members experienced really being there.The famous actress acted out the heroines part in detail.15.Few professors actually care whether or not they are liked by peer-paralyzed adolescents,fools so shallow as to imagine professors care not about education but about popularity.（47-49）so
27、shallow as to:who are so shallow as to 作定语修饰前面的fools汉译：一些年轻人只能在同龄人的眼中找到自我，那是一些愚昧无知的人，他们竟然浅薄到会以为教授们关心的不是教育，而是他们的声望，实际上，很少有教授在乎这类年轻人是否喜欢他们。SUMMARY OF ESSAY I At the beginning,the author states directly that the teachers take no pride in their educational achievement since they have taught their studen
28、ts a world that does not exist at all That is to say,what they taught in class is not to teach their students how to confront the real world.Then he puts forward the idea that college is an altogether forgiving world by saying that students are treated patiently and kindly by their teachers even tho
29、ugh their work are not worthy of being praised.Moreover,Prof.Daniels words are quoted to support his viewpoint At last,the author regards that teachers have nothing to take pride in their teaching career and the students should not deal with their co-workers and bosses in the way just like that of d
30、ealing with the teachers at college.EssayII 1.ThereisnodoubtthatNeusnershouldhavetaken a closer look atwhatcollegelifeisreallylikebeforeformulatingsuchastrongopinionaboutit.(L10-12)takeacloselook:lookcarefully If you take a close look,youll just see the lighthouse.Take a close at him to find out wha
31、t sort of person he is.2.He is completely ignoring all the pressures and hard times students go through to make it at college.（12-14）go through:经历，经受汉译：他完全无视学生们为了学业成功而经受的一切压力与艰辛。makeit:besuccessfulinaparticularactivityorprofession I never thought Clare would make it as an actress.Tell him I want to
32、see him tonight,at my house if he can make it.The charts showed we had made it,and big.(图表显示我们成功了，非常地成功。）3.Neusnerbelievesthatincollegewearetrainedtothinkthat“failureleavesnorecord”becausewecansupposedlyget away withmistakeseasily.(L24-25)getawaywith:notbecaughtorpunishedforsth.youhavedone The child
33、 ought to be punished.You should not let him get away with telling lies.I dont think any society can survive if people can kill and get away from it.How did Tom get away with cheating?4.When the going gets tough,the tough have to get down to work（31-32）第一个tough 为difficult,第二个tough 为strong hardworkin
34、g students汉译：学习紧张时，本来顽强学习的人也得更加努力学习。SUMMARY OF ESSAY II The author argues with Jacob Neusner who thinks that“failure leaves no record”and that college is not a preparatory school for life.He lists many facts to support his own idea and to prove that Neusner is wrong.At last，he comes to conclusion th
35、at college life is not easy,free,forgiving,comfortable，interesting and unchallenging fun for the students to spend their four laborious years studying.KEYS 1.Understanding the Organization of the Text Passage I 1)The message Prof.Neusner passes to the graduates.(para.I)We take no pride in our educat
36、ional achievement because we have inadequately prepared students for the real world.Reason:At Brown,during the four years,students have formed the belief that failure leaves no record,while in the real world failure marks you.2)Two different attitudes toward errors.(para.2)At Brown,students defend t
37、heir errors by arguing about:A.why their errors were not errors;B.why mediocre work was excellent;C.why they could take pride in their poor presentation.In the real world,graduates had better not defend their errors but learn from them.3)College is an altogether forgiving world.(para.3-5)No matter w
38、hat slight effort students made,they could meet the demand.A.When students broke appointments,professors make new ones.B.When the deadline was missed,professors pretended not to care.C.Boring talks were considered to be important.D.Unlabored writing was commented.E.Dull students were treated as if t
39、hey were smart.The reason why professors did all this was not that they wanted to be liked by students,but that professors did not want to be bothered and pretense was the easy way out.4)Prof.Daniels viewpoint.(para.6)College has deprived students of adequate preparation for the real world.5)The end
40、ing of the speech.(para.7-8)A.Conclusion:On this commencement day,we professors have nothing to take pride in.B.Advice for graduates:a.Dont act toward your co-workers and bosses as you have acted toward us.b.Go to life and unlearn the lies we taught you here.Passage II 1)The points Ida Timothees goi
41、ng to argue against:(para.1)A.Students have been made to believe that failure leaves no record.B.College is not a preparatory school for life.2)Ida Timothees comments on Neusners points:(para2.)A.He knows little about students college life.B.He ignores the pressures and hard times students experienc
42、e at college.3)Ida argues against Neusners point that college is not preparing students for real life.(para.3)During the college years,we start to be independent,make crucial decisions and are responsible for them.Supporting evidence:A.We learn to budget our time and money.B.We are tolerant enough t
43、o survive in a crowded triple room.C.We meet people from different parts of the world.4)Ida argues against the so-called students belief that failure leaves no record.(para.4)Her counter-examples:A.If you fail a test or a course,the teacher wont erase the grade.B.If you drop a class,youll have to ta
44、ke more courses next semester.C.Low grades or low GPA means no fine graduate school,no degree.D.Everyone has to take midterms and finals.E.No teachers have pretended not to care when deadlines are not kept.5)Idas conclusion:(para.5)College is not“easy,free,forgiving.attentive comfortable interesting
45、 unchallenging fun”to her.2.Understanding Specific Information（P265）1)B 2)A 3)B 4)A 5)B 6)A 7)A 8)B 3.Being Ida Timothee（P266）Sample Facts students may list to argue against the professor:Most teachers/professors are strict and responsible;glass attendance is required,otherwise points will be deduct
46、ed;fur schedule is so tight that we have little time for sports and other activities;-We are required to take too many quizzes,exams,etc.;-High marks are very hard to get;Our dormitories are crowded and our cafeteria is not spacious enough;-We have to learn to take care of ourselves.Key to V ocabula
47、ry(P266)1.belief-doubt deep-shallow learn-unlearn shame-pride polite-rude inadequate-adequate success-failure boring-interesting dependent-independent mediocre-excellent useless-useful well-informed-ill-informed smart-dull painful-painless imaginativeunimaginative boring-insteresting2.(P266)1)depriv
48、ed of 2)for the sake of 3)get away with 4)dropped out5)by no means 6)got down to 7)distinguish.from 8)look back on9)gone through 10)after all 11)be rid of 12)on my own3.（P 267）1)choice 2)secure 3)hear 4)who 5)keep 6)while/when 7)now 8)This 9)pressure10)expecting 11)tests 12)within 13)bad 14)catch 15
49、)marks16)parents 17)obtain/get 18)teachers 19)relax 20)shapePART THRESS ENRICHING YOUR WORDPOWER(p288)1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.C 12.ATranslation Practice(P296)1)理解、应用概念和记住那些考试一结束就会忘得一干二净的事实，这两者之间有着明确的区别。2)尤其在技术领域，变化如此迅速，以致于我们从本科教育中所能期望的最大收益是 学习能力的培养。因此记住事实不如获取应用的能力。3)对教授们来说，考试是评估学
50、生掌握了多少知识的最为简易的方法，至少在比较大的班级是如此。4)现实生活远非一场开卷考，它是一场你永远都无法完全准备好的考试，而且你根本无法补考。5)在现实生活中，我们无法预测明天会发生什么，也不知道该准备些什么。6)成功失败，起起落落，这些都是现实生活的特征，它并非如人们所猜想的那么容易。1.Question Do finals make you crazy?2.Problem-solving You saw somebody in trouble.Although you want to help him but you are rushing to an exam.How should