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1、Unit 6Risk is the probability that something bad will happen.What is a risk?Risk can also be defined as the degree of danger that goes along with an opportunity.QuotationsRisk is essential.There is not growth of inspiration in staying within what is safe and comfortable.Once you find out what you do
2、 best,why not try something else?-Alex NoblePart One PreparationQuotationsEducated risks are the key to success.-William OlstenIts better to be a lion for a day than a sheep all your life.-Sister Elizabeth Kenny A ship in port is safe,but thats not what ships are built for.Physical risksFinancial ri
3、sksEmotional risksnurse,coalminer,policeman,teacher,secretary,interpreter,fighter pilot,writer,factory worker,chemical engineer,football player,cleaner,tourist guide,firemancomputer programmer businessman,stockbroker,accountant,peasant,writer,civil servanttourist guide lawyer,nurse,president,teacher
4、,beggar psychologist,psychiatrist,writer,singer,host of TV show,model,journalist ambassador1.Risks in Jobs Try to think of as many ways of preventing risks as possible that are related to your life.The group whogets the most wins.e.g.Reduce the speed limit;Never go swimming alone;Ban all firearmsWha
5、t kinds of risky factors existed nowadays?sex,race,income level,lifestyle,heredity,sex,race,income level,lifestyle,heredity,sex,race,income level,lifestyle,heredity,stress,pollution,employment,global warming,stress,pollution,employment,global warming,stress,pollution,employment,global warming,popula
6、tion,traffic accidents,SARS,nuclear population,traffic accidents,SARS,nuclear population,traffic accidents,SARS,nuclear weapon,etc.weapon,etc.weapon,etc.Attitudes toward“risks”Optimists They always expect the best.Therefore they try to maximize the maximum gain.Pessimists Pessimists always expect th
7、e worst.Therefore they try to maximize the minimum loss.Warm-up questions1.Whatisrisk?Riskisthepossibilitythatsomethingbadwillhappen.Warm-up questions2.Haveyoueverhadanyriskyexperience?Forexample,ridingabicycle,climbingthemountain,Warm-up questions3.Whydomostpeoplefearairplaneaccidentsmorethancaracc
8、idents?Peoplefeelfarlesssecureintheairthanontheground.Inmanycases,airplaneaccidentsarealmostfatal.Onemightnotsurvivetheplanecrash,whilehemaynotbekilledinacaraccident.Pre-reading Questions1.What figure do we depend on when we assess a risk?AratioorfractionPre-reading Questions2.How do we manage risks
9、 in a sensible way?Commonsenseandrelevantinformationabouttheriskscanhelpusdealwithriskssensibly.SupportingevidenceSupportingevidence(Para47)GeneralStatementGeneralStatement(Para13)ConclusionConclusion(Para8)Risksarealwaysamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty.Wecaninformourselvesabouttherelevantris
10、ksbeforeanydecision-makingbymeasuringthelevelofarisk.Commonsenseandrelevantinformationarekeystomanagingrisksinasensibleway.Text Structure Analysis1.Atsometimeorother,allofushaveplayedthepartofahypochondriac,imaginingthatwehavesomemoreterriblediseaseonthestrengthofveryminorsymptoms.(Lines12,para.1)pl
11、ayapart/rolein在在（方面）起（方面）起作用作用1.playthepart/roleof扮演扮演角色角色e.g.Sheplayedthepartofapolicewomanintheplay.2.onthestrengthof根据、依据、基于根据、依据、基于e.g.Iboughtthisdictionaryonthestrengthofhisrecommendation.说不定在某个时候，我们都扮演过疑病症患说不定在某个时候，我们都扮演过疑病症患者的角色：者的角色：依据一些轻微的症状就想象着自己依据一些轻微的症状就想象着自己得了某种可怕的疾病。得了某种可怕的疾病。1.Atsomet
12、imeorother,allofushaveplayedthepartofahypochondriac,imaginingthatwehavesomemoreterriblediseaseonthestrengthofveryminorsymptoms.(Lines12,para.1)2.Butfearofdiseaseisnotouronlyfear,andneitherisriskofdiseasetheonlyriskwerun.(Lines45,para.1)neither表表示示否否定定含含义义，与与前前句句中中的的not一一起起构构成成句句型型，意意为为：既既不不也也不不。这这里里
13、也也可可用用nor来来替替换换neither。1.本句中出现了由本句中出现了由neither引起的倒装结构。引起的倒装结构。即即：Butfearofdiseaseisnotouronlyfear,andnorisriskofdiseasetheonlyriskwerun.2.Butfearofdiseaseisnotouronlyfear,andneitherisriskofdiseasetheonlyriskwerun.(Lines45,para.1)由由risk构成的固定搭配有：构成的固定搭配有：take/runarisk/risks冒险冒险take/run/attheriskof冒着冒着
14、危险危险atonesownrisk由自己负责由自己负责atallrisks/atanyrisk无论有何风险、无论冒什么危险无论有何风险、无论冒什么危险atrisk有危险有危险句子最后一部分句子最后一部分werun是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰risk5.Asanadvertisementforacollegeeducationthecontrastbetweenthesetwotwinsshouldbequiteeffective.(line54-55)1.Anyoneswimminginthislakedoessoathisownrisk.判断下列句子中判断下列句子中at riskat r
15、isk 的意思的意思3.Thediseaseisspreading,andallchildrenunder5areatrisk.2.Hewasdeterminedtogoatallrisks/atanyrisk.在此湖中游泳者如有以意外责任自负。（告示语）但是，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一但是，对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧，同样，患病的危险也并非我们的恐惧，同样，患病的危险也并非我们会遇到的唯一危险。会遇到的唯一危险。2.Butfearofdiseaseisnotouronlyfear,andneitherisriskofdiseasetheonlyriskwerun.(Lines45,para
16、.1)3.Andfromthesethreatscomequestionsthatwemustposetoourselves.(Line7,para1)这这类类倒倒装装句句的的特特点点是是句句子子没没有有宾宾语语，且且主主语语又又较较长长，常常可可将将状状语语（介介短短、副副词词）提提到到句句首首，谓谓语语前前置置，句句子子全全部倒装。这类句子很常见，应能迅速识别。部倒装。这类句子很常见，应能迅速识别。And questions that we must pose to ourselves comefromthesethreats.1.本句涉及到什么样的句式？倒装句正常语序为：本句涉及到什么样
17、的句式？倒装句正常语序为：e.g.1.theSouthPacificliealotofsmallislands.2.Sooncameanotherupsurgeoftherevolution.又一个革命高潮很快到来了。2.pose:提出提出(课文之意课文之意););造成、引起造成、引起;摆姿势摆姿势1.昂贵的石油价格给工业造成严重的问题。昂贵的石油价格给工业造成严重的问题。poseaquestion 提出问题提出问题 poseaquestiontosbThehighcostofoilposesseriousproblemsforindustry.3.Andfromthesethreatscom
18、equestionsthatwemustposetoourselves.(Line7,para1)翻译翻译翻译翻译2.摄影师细心地帮她摆好姿势。摄影师细心地帮她摆好姿势。Thephotographerhelpedposehercarefully.由于这些威胁，我们必须给自己提由于这些威胁，我们必须给自己提出一些问题。出一些问题。3.Andfromthesethreatscomequestionsthatwemustposetoourselves.(Line7,para1)4.(Line10)multiplyv.increasegreatlyinnumbere.g.Hot weather mul
19、tiplies the bacteria in water rapidly.炎热的天气使水中的细菌大量繁殖。multi-多，大量e.g.multimedia,multilateral,multi-coloured,*Multiply 3 by 5:35(=15).*add 加;subtract 减;multiply 乘;divide 除5.(Line12)partiala.formingonlyapart,notcompleteUseful expressions:a partial opinion(偏见)a partial success give partial support a par
20、tial judge(偏心的法官)partial a.:部分的，局部的 partly adv.:in part,部分地，在一定程度上amatterof:的事情的事情6.(Line17,para3)Risksarealmostalwaysamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty.amatteroflifeanddeath 生死攸关的事情生死攸关的事情amatterofrecord有案可查的事有案可查的事amatterofopinion见仁见智之事见仁见智之事whatif1)如果如果将会怎样？将会怎样？2)（口语，用于提建议）（口语，用于提建议）怎么样？怎么样
21、？7.(Line20,para3)Butwhatifyougethitfromthesideandenduptrappedinsidethevehicle,e.g.Whatiftherumoristrue？如果这谣传是真的，怎么办？e.g.Whatifwegoandseeafilmtomorrow?reduceto 3.把把归结为归结为/总结为总结为4.使变弱，使变瘦使变弱，使变瘦e.g.他的一生可以概括为一句话，那就是探索真理。Hiswholelifecanbereducedtoasearchfortruth.e.g.bereducedtonothingbyillness由于生病而瘦得不成样
22、子8.(Lines3133,para4)Butthefactthattherearerisksassociatedwitheverythingwearegoingtododoesnot,orshouldnot,reduceustotremblingneurotics.e.g.1.reduceonesthoughtstowriting把想法变成文字2.reducethatpassagetohalfthenumberofwords把那段文章的字数减少一半e.g.1.reducechaoticroomtoorder把乱糟糟的房间整理得井井有条8.(Lines3133,para4)Butthefact
23、thattherearerisksassociatedwitheverythingwearegoingtododoesnot,orshouldnot,reduceustotremblingneurotics.2.bereducedtodespair陷入绝望 informsbof/about把某事告诉把某事告诉/通知某人通知某人e.g.1.Iwasntinformedofthedecisionuntiltoolate.等到我被告知这一决定时已经太晚了。2.Keepmeinformedaboutwhathappens.请随时把发生的情况告诉我。e.g.Oneofthecriminalsinform
24、edagainsttherestofthegang.其中的一个罪犯告发了团伙中的其他成员。9.(Lines3334,para4)Thepointistoinformourselvesabouttherelevantrisksandthenactaccordingly.bewell/badinformed消息灵通消息灵通/闭塞闭塞informon/againstsb.告发某人告发某人 accordingly照着（做、办）；因而照着（做、办）；因而e.g.1.Ivetoldyouwhatthesituationis;youmustactaccordingly.我已经把情况告诉你了，你必须照着做。2
25、.Thebudgetofhealthcarehasbeencutby10%.Accordingly,somehospitalsmaybeforcedtoclose.卫生保健的预算削减了10%，因此，一些医院可能会被迫关门。9.(Lines3334,para4)Thepointistoinformourselvesabouttherelevantrisksandthenactaccordingly.（accordingly也可置于句末）也可置于句末）Exercise The world is changing rapidly;our plans must change _.A.likely B.
26、accordingly C.considerably D.directlyAnswer:B.accordingly evensupposing=evenif即使即使suppose/supposing(conj.)1)假设，假如假设，假如2)引出祈使语气，用于提建议引出祈使语气，用于提建议Suppose/Supposingyoumissthetiger,heisnotlikelytomissyou.Supposewestart(ed)tomorrow.10.(Lines4142,para5)Butistheaddedcostandinconvenienceworththedifferencein
27、price,evensupposingyoucouldaffordit?英译汉英译汉假设你打不着老虎，老虎可不见得吃不着你。我们明天动身吧。（这里用started表示语气更委婉）句型：句型：haveafeelfor了解了解汉译英汉译英：作为求职者，我们必须对目前的就业市场有所了解。作为求职者，我们必须对目前的就业市场有所了解。Beingajob-seeker,wevegottohaveafeelforthepresentjobmarket.11.Wecannotbegintoanswersuchquestionsuntilwehaveafeelforthelevelofrisksinquest
28、ion.(Line43,para6)在我们对所讨论的危险的程度有所了在我们对所讨论的危险的程度有所了解之前，我们还无法回答这些问题。解之前，我们还无法回答这些问题。11.Wecannotbegintoanswersuchquestionsuntilwehaveafeelforthelevelofrisksinquestion.(Line43,para6)12.(Line50)assessVt.评估，评定 e.g.They assess the amount of damage caused by typhoon.*assessat 把估价为*assess oneself against the
29、 model:对照典型对自己作出评价。*assessment n.13.(Line62,para7)thelatterturnsouttobefourtimesriskierthantheformer.e.g.JackandBillaretwins,buttheformeristallerthanthelatter.句型：句型：theformerthelatter前者前者后者后者该句型也可拆开使用该句型也可拆开使用e.g.Ofthetwopossibilities,theformerseemsmorelikely.1.Wearefirmlyopposedtothepracticeofpower
30、politicsbetweennations.翻译句子翻译句子我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。我们坚决反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。2.真理与谬误对立。Truthisopposedtofalsehood.14.(Lines64-65,para7)Ifyouareopposedtorisks,youwillwanttochooseyouractivitiesbyfocusingonsmall-ratioexposures.opposed(adj.)beopposedto 反对（课文之意）；对立beopposedto和和oppose(v.)较多地用于书面较多地用于书面语中，而语中，而beag
31、ainst常用于口语中。常用于口语中。opposed(adj.)14.(Lines6465,para7)Ifyouareopposedtorisks,youwillwanttochooseyouractivitiesbyfocusingonsmall-ratioexposures.15.Onceweunderstandthatriskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat,therefore,nothingiscompletelysafe,wewillthenseethatthe issueissue isnotoneofavoid
32、ingrisksaltogetheraltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.(Lines6870,para.8)1)once(conj.):一旦一旦e.g.Oncetheprincipalcontradictionisgrasped,allproblemswillbereadilysolved.一旦抓住主要矛盾。一切问题就迎刃而解。本句中的谓语本句中的谓语understand后面并列了两个由后面并列了两个由that引导引导的宾语从句。的宾语从句。15.OnceOnceweunderstandthatriskcanneverbeto
33、tallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat,therefore,nothingiscompletelysafe,wewillthenseethattheissueissue isnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetheraltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.(Lines68-70,para.8)2)issue(n.):问题、争端问题、争端;发行量、发行量、(刊物刊物)期号期号;结局、结果；结局、结果；theburningissueoftheday燃眉之急的问题majoriss
34、uesofprinciple 大是大非问题aminor/sideissue枝节问题anissueof100,000copies十万册的发行量thelatestissueofReaders 最近一期的读者issuefrom=resultfrom由造成/引起issuein=resultin导致issue(vi.)e.g.西安的城市建设正在呈现出崭新的面貌。西安的城市建设正在呈现出崭新的面貌。ThecityconstructionofXianistakingonanaltogethernewaspect.15.OnceOnceweunderstandthatriskcanneverbetotally
35、eliminatedfromanysituationandthat,therefore,nothingiscompletelysafe,wewillthenseethattheissueisnotnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetheraltogetherbutratherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.(Lines6870,para.8)3)altogether:completely,thoroughly完全，彻底完全，彻底4)notbut(rather)不是不是/不在于不在于而是而是/而在于而在于 一旦我们懂得在任何
36、情况下都不一旦我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事情都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事情都不是绝对安全的，我们就会明白问题不是绝对安全的，我们就会明白问题不在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理智地在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理智地对付危险。对付危险。15.OnceOnceweunderstandthatriskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat,therefore,nothingiscompletelysafe,wewillthenseethattheissueisnotnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogeth
37、eraltogetherbutratherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.(Lines6870,para.8)16.(Line 70)sensible a.having or showing good sense,reasonable 有判断力的,明智的e.g.She is far too sensible to believe these ridiculous lies.Some related expressions:sense n.vt.感官，感觉 sensor n.传感器sensation n.感觉能力sensitive a.敏感的s
38、ensational a.令人兴奋的sensatory=sensory a.感官的，感觉的Summarizing Summarizing Comparative Comparative Degree Degree 在课文中作者运用了大量的比较级，现就一些常见的比较级用法总结如下:形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，它可独立存在，如：Thegreycoatis(the)longer.这个句子的含义是，听者明白灰色外衣在与其它或类似的东西相比较。如果是比较两件种类完全相同的东西，在正式文体中形容词比较级前则可用the。Summarizing Summarizing Comparative Compara
39、tive Degree Degree 比较级形式“-erand-er”两个比较级用and连在一起可表达全面增加或减少的意思：e.g.Computersarebecomingmoreandmorecomplicated.Holidayflightsaregettinglessandlessexpensive.Summarizing Summarizing Comparative Comparative Degree Degree the+比较级+the这种结构可用于形容词或副词来表示原因：e.g.Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.Themoreexpensi
40、vepetrolbecomes,thelesspeopledrive.Summarizing Summarizing Comparative Comparative Degree Degree More和most用于相对数量比较More可与可数和不可数名词一起连用，most意为“极大的数目”，“极大的数量”：Morefoodiswastedthaniseateninthiscanteen.Mostdoctorsdontsmoke.Summarizing Summarizing Comparative Comparative Degree Degree 比较级的被修饰修饰语和表示程度的副词ver
41、y,too,quite可修饰形容词，但我们不能用这些修饰语与比较级连用，必须用abit,verymuch,fareven,hardlyany,alot,alittle,no,rather,somewhat等：Itsmuch/far/alot/alittlecoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.Housesaremuch/far/alotmoreexpensivethesedays.Summarizing Summarizing Comparative Comparative Degree Degree 同级比较asas的用法asas可连接单音节和较长的形容词表示两个人或物
42、是同样的：JaneisastallasPeter.含有“as+形容词+as”的日常用语，如asclearascrystal象水晶一样透明，ascoldasice冰冷，asgoodasgold信用如金，aslightasafeather轻如羽毛，asoldasthehills陈年老账，aswhiteassnow雪白Diagram We should inform ourselves about the relevant risks before making any decision.(Para.4)Problem How do we measure the level of a risk?(P
43、ara.6)Example 1 We need to know the relativesafety of large cars and small cars before our purchase.(Para.5)Example 2 Which activity is riskier,riding in a car or mining?(Para.6)Mining is four times riskier than riding in a car.(Para.7)Solution Risk levels can be expressed in ratios or fractions.(Pa
44、ra.6-7)What is risk?similarityDifferenceHypochondria In both cases,the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information.The hypochondriac can turn to a physician to get a definitive clarification of the situation.Anxiety about the risks of lifeRisks are a matter of probability rather than certainty.How
45、Do We Measure the Risk Level?Total number of deaths People involved in the activityThe risk level Traveling by car25,000200 million1/10,000Coal mining300700,0004/10,000Vocabulary Exercise 11)sensible 2)relative 3)mechanism 4)requires5)eliminate 6)crashVocabulary Exercise 21)character 2)end up3)Rarel
46、y 4)casual5)risky 6)all manner of7)inform 8)sensible9)definitivelyVocabulary Exercise 31)On the strength of 2)all manner of3)feed on 4)reduce to 5)end up 6)associated with7)focus on 8)turned to 9)participate in 10)involved in Writing AssignmentWriteacompositionentitledWriteacompositionentitled“Are“AreEnvironmentalRisksWorthTaking?”EnvironmentalRisksWorthTaking?”.YoucanrefertotheabovediscussionYoucanrefertotheabovediscussionquestions.Yourarticleshouldbenolessquestions.Yourarticleshouldbenolessthan120words.Remembertowriteneatly.than120words.Remembertowriteneatly.The End