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1、英语句子的基本结构主语主语+谓语谓语1.be +表语表语2.vt.+宾语宾语3.vi.+/+介词介词+宾语宾语+状语状语定语从句定语从句一、定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：从句对主句起限制作用，从句必不可少。e.g.He is the man that I am looking for.2.非限制性定语从句：从句对主句进行补充，用逗号隔开。e.g.This is the farm,where he used to live.二、定语从句的重要组成成分1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词。一般由名词或代词构成。“的”.(走在定语从句前面的词。)2.连接词：连接定语从句与主句。e.g.He is th
2、e man that I am looking for.先行词 定语从句三、连接词（关系词）的作用1.连接：即连接主句与从句。2.替代：连接词替代先行词，即从句中不再出现先行词。3.作成分：连接词在从句中充当成分，即先行词所作的成分由连接词替代。e.g.He is the man that I am looking for.宾语 四、连接词（关系词）的分类 关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语。that/which/who/whom/whose/as 关系副词：状语 when/where/why 关系词关系词五、限制性定语从句中注意：1.主语、宾语、表语、定语，指的是从句中所缺的成分；2.非限制性
3、定语从句中，将上表的that去掉。而且，作宾语不能省略。3.whose+n.=the+n.+of which whose name=the name of whom练习：练习：1.Do you know the man _ name is Tom?2.He is not the man _ he was before.3.This is the farm _ we visited yesterday.4.He is the student _ the teacher likes the best.5.This is the farm,_ we visited yesterday.六、定语从句中
4、只能用that，不用which的情况1.先行词是不定代词（all,something,few,little,anything,few,little,much）。2.当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。3.当先行词既有人又有物时。4.当句中已经有who/which时。5.当先行词被the only,the very(恰好，恰巧)，the same,the last修饰时。七、定语从句中只用which，不用that的情况1.非限制性定语从句中，只能用which。2.介词提前的时候（介词后面，表物只能用which，表人只能用whom）e.g.He is the student of whom the t
5、eacher is proud.关系副词的用法1.在从句中作状语(关键是分析句子成分！)2.表时间when，表地点where,表原因whye.g.I cant forget the day when I reached here.This is the farm where we worked before.区别关系代词与关系副词关键是分析定语从句中所缺的成分！I will never forget the days that we spent together.I will never forget the days when we met each other.介词+which1.关系副词
6、可以用“介词+which”替换。根据从句中动词的搭配，来选择介词。e.g.This is the farm where I worked before.(I worked in the farm.)This is the farm in which I worked before.2.介词+which 表人；介词+whom表物特殊用法1.the same as ;such ase.g.He is such a great teacher as all the students like.2.what=the thing(person)thate.g.我不喜欢你说的那个人。I dont like
7、 what you talked about.I dont like the person that you talked about.3.在定语从句中：which/as可以指代整个句子（整件事情）。which 引导的从句，用于主句后。as 引导的从句，可置于主句前、后。as is known to us,正如我们所知的一样e.g.The earth is round,as is known to us.4.where 经常用于表示抽象的地点。e.g.Things have reached to a point where the police were called.(where 表示抽象的地点)what的用法What=先行词+连接词即,what =the thing that(物)=the man that(人)e.g.他就是我要找的人.He is the man that I am looking for.He is what I am looking for.做定语从句练习题的步骤：1.先找先行词，确定先行词是人还是物。2.再找定语从句。3.分析定语从句中所缺的成分。