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1、The Attributive Clausethat既可以用于指既可以用于指人人，也可以用于指，也可以用于指物物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。作宾语可省略。which只用于指只用于指物物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。作宾语可省略。China is a great country that has about 5 000 years of history.作主语，不能省略，可换作主语，不能省略，可换whichwhichChina is a great country
2、 that has about 5 000 years of history.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句Its a book which introduces China in detail.作主语，不能省略，可换作主语，不能省略，可换thatthatThere are many places of interest which attract millions of tourists from all over the world every year.作主语，不能省略，可换作主语，不能省略，可换thatthatCould you tell me something abo
3、ut the places that you visited there?Thats the most fantastic place that I have been heard of.作宾语，可以省略，可换作宾语，可以省略，可换 whichwhich作宾语，可以省略，可换作宾语，可以省略，可换whichwhichThe West Lake has become famous because of some beautiful poems that were written by Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo.It serves as a bridge which conne
4、cts the mainland with the rest of the world.Northern people are used to eating food that is made with wheat flour.Do P2 P6 P8 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）作主语）我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）作宾语）1.A plane is a
5、 machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.2.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.Exercises:This is a dream.The dream will never come true.This is a dream which/that will never come true.The dog has been found.The dog was lost.The dog which was lost has b
6、een found.Practice:地板上的那本书是我的。地板上的那本书是我的。The book which/that is on the floor is mine.which/that 作主语作主语.(不能省不能省)（作主语）（作主语）which/that 作宾语作宾语：（可省略）可省略）This is the card.Ive just received the card.This is the card(which/that)Ive just received.（作宾语）（作宾语）Practice:1.这就是我经常犯得那个错误。这就是我经常犯得那个错误。This is the mis
7、take which/that I always make.2.我仍然保存着她写给我的信。我仍然保存着她写给我的信。I still keep the letters which/that she wrote to me.3.我丢了我爸爸买给我的钢笔。我丢了我爸爸买给我的钢笔。I lost the pen which/that my father bought me.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但但在下列情况下在下列情况下,一般用一般用 that 而不用而不用 which 。I am sure she has something(that)yo
8、u can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the only book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything，none 等不定代词时等不定代词时,用用that.(2)先行词被先行词被last,any,only,few,little,much,all,no,verysame,last等修饰时等修饰时,用用that.(3)先行词被序数
9、词或最高级修饰时，用先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，用that.Thats the most fantastic place(that)I have been heard of.(4)先行词既有人又有物时，用先行词既有人又有物时，用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.(5)当主句是以当主句是以which,who,what 开头的特殊疑问句开头的特殊疑问句 时用时用 that.Who is the girl that drove the car?Which is the book that you
10、 bought last week?Who set up the first Huabiao that was made of wood?(6)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用表语時，关系代词用 that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用 which 而不用而不用that。a.先行词为先行词为that、those时，用时，用which。Whats that which is under
11、 the desk？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用关系代词前有介词时，一般用which。This is the room in which he lives.c.引导非限制性定语从句，用引导非限制性定语从句，用which。Tom came back，which made us happy.The home of tea,which has more than 4 000 years of history,is China.that既可以用于指既可以用于指人人，也可以用于指，也可以用于指物物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。作宾语可省
12、略。who/whom只用于指只用于指人人。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略。whomwhom作宾语可以用作宾语可以用who who 和和 that that 代替，也常代替，也常省略。省略。People who live on the northern plains usually come and go by land.作主语，不可省略，可以换作主语，不可省略，可以换thatHe was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior.He was a
13、 Ming dynasty explorer whom the Chinese people are proud of.作宾语，可用作宾语，可用who或或that代替，也可省略。代替，也可省略。Sun Yat-sen who led the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 was the first president of the Republic of China.The man who is giving a lecture is Confucius.Is there a person in Chinas history who has influenced you
14、a lot?1.1.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.2.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.3.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.4.4.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone lik
15、es is kind.(宾语宾语)5.The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.6.6.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.7.The lady stepped on his foot.He was dancing with the lady.The lad
16、y(whom)he was dancing with stepped on his foot.8.8.Do you know the man?You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?9.9.The boy is in the lab.You want to talk to him.The boy(whom)you want to talk to is in the lab.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.10.10.This is
17、the boy.I sit behind him.This is the boy(whom)I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing i
18、s new.which thatthat、whichwhich、whowho、whomwhom的练习。的练习。(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.He was also a famous philosopher who
19、se wise saying have influenced many people in different countries.谁的谁的至理名言至理名言whose 在定语从句中作定语，与在定语从句中作定语，与 whose 后后的的名词名词为所属关系。为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用。互换使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.whoseDo you know the girl whose h
20、air is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.Her legs were
21、 badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,whose story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms King.I have told you her story.herThe chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair whose legs are broken isbeing repaired now.The boy is my classmate.The boys
22、 father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.The boss of the company,whose name was Mr Little,told the story about Ms King.The boss of the company told the story about Ms King.His name was Mr Little.HisThe boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the acci
23、dent.The boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.hisDo exercises:P11 P12 P14 P151）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用前时，只能用 “介词介词+which/whom”结构。结构。只能用只能用which 指物指物 、whom 指人指人。eg:This is the house in which we lived last year.这是
24、我们去年居住的房子。这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。注注 意意2）含有介词的）含有介词的固定动词词组固定动词词组中，介词不可前中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。这就是你要找的那个人。3）that 作介词的宾语时，作介词的宾语时，介词不能介词不能放它的放它的前前面面，只能放在
25、从句中动词的后面。例如：，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。她居住的城市非常远。that和和who/whom在指人的情况下一般都可以互换在指人的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用 who而不用而不用 that：(1)(1)先行词是先行词是 one,ones,any,few,anyone,one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,everybodyanybody,someone,someb
26、ody,everyone,everybody等词时，只用等词时，只用whowho。Is there anyone who can answer this question?(2)当先行词是当先行词是those,she,he,they,people,person等词时等词时,用用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.(3)先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is speaking at the meet
27、ing?（4 4）在分隔式定语从句和）在分隔式定语从句和非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，只能用先行词指人时，只能用who(whom)who(whom)。如：。如：There is only one student in this school who(m)I want to see.My sister,who is studying abroad,sent me a present just before this Christmas.(5)(5)两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个 定语从句用定语从句用whowho来引导
28、。来引导。She is the only girl I know who can play the piano.when,where,why定语从句中的关系副词定语从句中的关系副词：when在定语从句中作时间状语，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词表示时间，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词表示地点，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This i
29、s the house where I lived two years ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是原因，相当于相当于“介词介词for+for+关系代词关系代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.when 作时间状语作时间状语:She will never forget the day.She was married on that day.She will
30、 never forget the day when she was married.It was the year.The World War broke out in the year.It was the year when the World War I broke out.where 作地点状语作地点状语I want to know the place.I was born there.I want to know the place where(=in which)I was born.I like the park where there is a big lake.I like
31、 the park.There is a big lake in it.why 作原因状语作原因状语,其先行词常常是其先行词常常是the reason.这就是我为什么迟到的原因。这就是我为什么迟到的原因。That is the reason why Im late.我知道他为什么说这个。我知道他为什么说这个。I know the reason why he said it.挑战高难度！挑战高难度！1.Is this the place _ you were born?A.which B.where C.what D.that2.Is this the place _ some German f
32、riends visited last year?A.which B.where C.what D.why如果缺如果缺主语主语或或宾语宾语，用，用which/thatwhich/that;如果缺如果缺时间时间状语或状语或地点地点状语，就用状语，就用when/wherewhen/where.3.The house _ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.A.which B.where C.what D.that4.The house _ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.A.that B.where C.what D.why5.He told her the reason_ he is unhappy,but she doesnt believe the reason _ he gives her.A.why;why B.why;which C.that;why D.which;why