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1、 硕士学位论文 A Comparative Study Of Cognitive Mechanism Of Conceptual Metaphors In Chinese And English News Headlines 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻认知机制的 对比研究 李茂君 学科专业 外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师 覃玉荣 _ 论文答辩日期 2012 年 5 月 26 日 学位授予日期 2012 年 6 J1 分 类 号 H314.2 UDC _ 密级 公开 A Comparative Study Of Cognitive Mechanism Of Conceptual Metaphors
2、 In Chinese And English News Headlines A Thesis Submitted to the Foreign Languages College of Guangxi University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Li Maojun Under Supervision of Professor June 2012 广西大学学位论文原创性和使用授权声明 本人声明所呈交的论文，是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得 的研究成果。除
3、已特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文不包含任何其他个 人或集体已经发表或撰写的研究成果，也不包含本人或他人为获得广西大 学或其它单位的学位而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同事对本论文的研 究工作所做的贡献均己在论文中作了明确说明。 本人在导师指导下所完成的学位论文及相关的职务作品，知识产权归 属广西大学。本人授权广西大学拥有学位论文的部分使用权，即：学校有 权保存并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的 复印件和电子版，允许论 文被查阅和借阅，可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行 检索和传播，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。 本学位论文属于： 保密，在 年解密后适用授权
4、。 保密。 (请在以上相应方框内打 “ V” ） 论文作者签名：、善 尾足 口 期 ： 孚 M/6设 指导教师签名 R 期： 作者联系电话： 电子邮箱：广西大学硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对此研究 摘要 概念隐喻指概念系统通过隐喻的方式生成并以隐喻的方式被人理解，其本质是 通过一类事物或经验来理解另一类事物或体验另一类经验。一个概念隐喻巾两个概念 域组成：始源域 (source domain)和目标域 (target domain)。 始源域通常是具体的易于理 解的概念，目标域通常为抽象的难以理解的概念。概念隐喻的认知是通过始源域 (source domain)至！ J 目标
5、域 (target domain)的映射完成。本研究试图分析中英新闻标题中 概念隐喻的认知机制，并对中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制作对比研究。 论文采用文献法、比较法及案例分析法研究中英新闻标题中的概念隐喻现象及 认知机制，并探讨其共性和差异性。文中的语料分别取自两份英文报纸 ForA: Times、 Financial Times 及两份紙中国青年报 (China Youth Daily)、 环球时报 中两天报纸的全部英文标题（共计 665 条 )， 根据统计一共筛选出 204 条 （ 其中中文报纸 81 条，英文报纸 123 条）含隐喻的标题。经统计分析及对比研究 发现，中英隐喻新闻标题
6、的认知机制存在以下共性和差异性： 在共性方面，首先，中英隐喻新闻标题的映射机制中均存在类似的始源域概念， 其中上下、人体和战争为始源域中映射最为频繁的三种概念 ；第二，中英隐喻新闻标 题均具有相同的认知机制，即拟人、动物化、具体化及异化，其中拟人和动物化为中 英新闻标题中最为常见的两种认知机制；第三，中英隐喻新闻标题的认知机制均具有 三种相同的语言表现形式，即以常规意义表达、以原意表达和以新奇意义表达。 在差异性方面，第一，中英隐喻新闻标题认知机制中的始源域概念结构存在差 别；第二，在中英隐喻新闻标题中，映射过程会导致读者心中对新闻标题建立起不同 的关系；第三，中英隐喻新闻标题认知机制的语言表
7、现存在差异，如巾文新闻标题巾 的人体隐喻认知机制主要以常规意义表达，而英 文新闻标题中的人体隐喻认知机制主 耍以原意表达。 通过对比研究，可让英语学习者更好地理解新闻英语中错综复杂的概念隐喻现 象，为新闻英语的研究及写作提供指南，并通过相应途径帮助学习者进行概念隐喻机 制建构，以期理解和准确表达语义；可引导学习者熟悉语言文化背景中构成概念隐喻 始源域和目标域的认知机制基本元素，指导学习者学习和掌握包含全部基本或部分隐 喻要素的英语语言表现形式，以促进映射顺利进行；此外，也可为进一步研究新闻英 广西大学硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对此研究 语中的概念隐喻提供理论基础。 关键词：
8、概念隐喻；中英新闻标题；认知机制广西大单硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对比研究 ABSTRACT Conceptual metaphor refers to that the conception system is produced and understood metaphorically. The essence of conceptual metaphor is to understand or experience one thing in terms of another. One conceptual metaphor is composed of two con
9、ceptual domains, the source domain and the target domain. The source domain involves the concepts that are concrete and easy to understand, while the target domain refers to the concepts that are abstract and hard to understand. The cognitive mechanism of conceptual metaphor is a mapping process fro
10、m the source domain to the target domain. This study tries to observe the cognitive mechanism of conceptual metaphors in Chinese and English news headlines and discuss the similarities and differences between them. The study has collected altogether 665 pieces of news headlines from two pieces of En
11、glish newspapers, New York Times, Financial Times and two pieces of Chinese newspapers namely China Youth Daily and Global Times, in which 204 pieces of headlines are found with metaphors. Based on the analysis of the sample headlines, this study finds out that the cognitive mechanism of Chinese and
12、 English metaphorical news headlines share the following similarities: Firstly, Similar concepts in the source domain are mapped onto the target domain. Secondly, both metaphorical Chinese and English news headlines share the same concretization process; they are personification, animalization, hypo
13、statization and alienation. Thirdly, the cognitive mechanism of conceptual metaphors in both Chinese and English news headlines is represented by the same three types of linguistic representations including conventional meaning, original meaning and novel meaning. However, this study has also observ
14、ed that there are differences between them: Firstly, the structure of the source domain between Chinese and English metaphorical news headlines is different. Secondly， different relationship is produced in the mapping process. Thirdly, although both Chinese and English news headlines share the same
15、three types of linguistic representations, there is difference. Document analysis, comparative method and case analysis are used for this study. The result of this study is helpful for Chinese and English learners to better understand the complicated metaphorical expressions in news headlines, so th
16、at we can help the learners to structure the mechanism of conceptual metaphors to understand and correctly express 广西大学项士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对比研究 iv their ideas through relative approaches. One of the approaches is to lead the learners familiarize the basic elements of the source domain and target
17、domain under the linguistic and cultural context which construct conceptual metaphors; the other approach is to guide the learners study and grasp the linguistic forms that contains whole or part of metaphoric elements to activate the mappings. In doing so, it thus provides writing guidance for them
18、; besides, this study can also offer theoretical basis for further study to be carried out in journalistic English. Key words: Conceptual metaphor; Chinese and English news headlines; cognitive mechanism广西大学硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对此研究 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successM completion of this thesis is not a
19、solitary work. I have been blessed with assistance and support from many people, and I would like to acknowledge those individuals who have contributed to my work and professional growth. First of all31 would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Qin Yurong, who has inve
20、sted vast amounts of time and energy into the drafting of this thesis. She helped me in many aspects such as formulating the idea for this thesis, providing related reading materials and so on. At the beginning, my supervisor helped me to revise the first draft of the outline of this thesis, providi
21、ng me constructive suggestions and direction. During the process of drafting this thesis, my supervisor paid her great attention to the writing of this thesis and spent a lot of time and energy on each draft of this thesis. Without her generous help, brilliant comments, profound knowledge and constr
22、uctive advice, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible. I have been blessed to have such a brilliant, gentle and demanding supervisor, and Fm really grateful to her generous help and assistance in my work. Secondly, Im grateful to Professor Liu Mingzhong, Professor Li Xingliang an
23、d Professor Huang Qingxing, who gave me creative comments and suggestions on my first draft of the thesis outline during the thesis proposal. The completion of this thesis is indebted to their kind and generous support. I would also like to express my thanks to those professors from the Foreign Lang
24、uages College of Guangxi University, who gave me insightful instructions and enlightenment in and out of the class during my M.A. program. They are Professor Song Yafei, Professor Liu Mingzhong, Professor Xie Xiaoying, Professor Wen Kexue, Professor Wang Yang, Professor Huang Jianfeng, Professor Hua
25、ng Binlan, Professor Wu Xiaoxing, Professor Yang Dihua, Professor Zhu Yuande and so on. Their instructions impressed on me the rigors of truly disciplined scholarship and will benefit me throughout my life. I wish to thank my fellow disciples Zhou Minbo, Poqi, Yuan Jiaoyang, Mai Yanhang, Shi Lijun a
26、nd Wei Zhengfei, who have offered useful suggestions and advice in my drafting and proofreading of the thesis. I5m also grateful to my wife Lucy. She helped me in the search of materials and in the proofreading of the thesis.广西大学硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对比研究 vi Last but not least, I want to express my
27、 sincere thanks to my parents, my brothers and friends for their profound love given to me. My parents have been fully supporting me both in my study and in my life during all these years. My brothers have given me encourage and advice in my study. And thanks my friends, they let me understand the m
28、eaning of life.广西大单硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对此研究 Table of Contents 觀 i ABSTRACT . iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v Chapter 1 General Introduction . 1 1.1 Purposes and Significance of the Study . 1 1.2 Research Approaches . 2 1.3 Structure of the Thesis . 3 1.4 Data Collection . 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review .
29、 5 2.1 Definitions Involved in This Study . 5 2.1.1 News Headlines . 5 2.1.2 Conceptual Metaphor . 6 2.1.3 Cognitive Mechanism . 7 2.2 Research on Metaphor Abroad . 7 2.2.1 Traditional View on Metaphor Abroad . 7 2.2.2. Cognitive View on Metaphor . 8 2.3. Research on Metaphor in China . 9 2.4. Resea
30、rch on Conceptual Metaphor in News Headlines both at Home and Abroad 11 Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework . 13 3.1 Introduction to Conceptual Metaphor Theory . 13 3.2 Main Features of Conceptual Metaphor . 14 3.3 Classification of Conceptual Metaphor . 15 3.3.1 Orientation Metaphors . 15 3.3.2 Ontolog
31、ical Metaphors . 16 3.3.3 Structural Metaphors . 16 3.4 Cognitive Mechanism of Conceptual Metaphor . 17 3.4.1 Main Components of Cognitive Mechanism . 17 3.4.2 Cognitive Features of Conceptual Metaphors . 18 3.4.3 Mapping Process of Conceptual Metaphor . 19 广西大学项士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念隐喻的认知机制对比研究 Vlll 3.5 T
32、he Relationship between Conceptual Metaphor and News Headlines . 20 3.5.1 The Co-existence Relationship between Conceptual Metaphor and News Headlines . 20 3.5.2 The Enlightenment to the Study of News Headlines from Cognitive View on Metaphor . 21 Chapter 4 Comparison of Cognitive Mechanism of Conce
33、ptual Metaphors in Chinese and English News Headlines . 22 4.1 Comparison of the Basic Elements of Cognitive Mechanism of Conceptual Metaphors in Chinese and English News Headlines . 22 4.1.1 Comparison of the Source Domain Concepts that Mapped onto the Target Domain in Chinese and English News Head
34、lines . 22 4.1.2 Comparison of the Frequencyof Source Domain Concepts . 30 4.2 Comparison of the Mapping Process in Chinese and English Metaphorical News Headlines . 31 4.2.1 Similarities. 32 4.2.2 Differences . 37 4.3 Comparison of the Linguistic Representations of Cognitive Mechanism of Metaphoric
35、al Chinese and English News Headlines . 39 4.3.1 Similarities . 39 4.3.2 Differences . 42 Chapter 5 Conclusion . 47 5.1 Findings . 47 5.2 Implications. 48 5.3 Limitations . 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 50 PAPERS PUBLISHED DURING M.A. STUDY . 52广西大学硕士学位论文 中英新闻标题中概念 ?氣喻的认知机制对尤研究 ix List of Tables and Charts Tabl
36、e 1.1 Sources of Headline Samples . 4 Chart 3.1 Cross-domain Mapping of “Business is War” . 19 Chart 3.2 The Mapping Process of Conceptual Metaphor . 20 Table 4.1 Different Structures in Orientational Concepts in English News Headlines . 28 Table 4.2 Different Structures in Orientational Concepts in Chinese NewsHeadlines . 28 Table 4.3 Different Structures inOntological Concepts in