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1、lDear editor,As the college entrance examination is drawing near,we senior high school students are occupied with busy work.To a certain extent,PE class is our only chance to relax and enjoy ourselves at school.However,it is a pity that our present PE class is quite dull and sometimes even replaced
2、by other subjects.Not only can PE class build our body but also can shape our personality.It serves to develop our awareness of cooperation and spirit of competition.Therefore,personally I hold the view that it would be a great loss to us students if it were replaced by other lessons.Meanwhile,I thi
3、nk the teacher can design and organize some fun sports besides dull field and track practice or ball games,where everyone can be involved and have fun as well.After all,not everybody thinks running,jumping or ball games appealing.I hope PE class can not only enrich our school life but also enable ev
4、eryone to find his or her own pleasure in it.OnthenightofAugust8,2008,theopeningceremonyofthe29thOlympicGames_(hold)inBeijing.washeldEnglishBasicTenses(时态时态)&Voices(语态）语态）近五年动词的时态和语态近五年动词的时态和语态在高考中的复现率在高考中的复现率考点年份一般一般现在现在时时现在现在进行进行时时现在现在完成完成时时现在现在完成完成进行进行时时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去进行进行时时过去过去完成完成时时一般一般将来将来时时过去过
5、去将来将来时时总题量200820081 11 11 13 3200920091 11 13 35 5201020102 22 21 15 5201120112 22 2201220121 12 23 3时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为时态为：一般现在时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时过去将来时等等。2、时间、条件、让步时间、条
6、件、让步等等状语从句状语从句中动词的时态；中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3、延续性动词延续性动词和和终止性动词终止性动词的用法区别。的用法区别。4、及物动词（及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。的被动语态。5、某些以、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。的用法。.一般现在时一般现在时(ThePresentIndefinite)1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如频率的时间状语连用，如always,often/usually/frequently,sometimes,every,at,o
7、nSundays/.动词的时态动词的时态（Tenses)Fillintheblanks.I_(study)hardabroadeverydayandI_(get)alongwellwithmyroommates,butsometimesI_(miss)myfamilies.studygetmissCorrectthesentence.Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthmovedaroundthesun._2)表客观事实、普遍真理。表客观事实、普遍真理。注意：注意：主语为第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个或单个的人名、单个的事物名称
8、）的人名、单个的事物名称）谓语动词谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.movesTheshopwillcloseat9:00p.m._3)表示按表示按计划、规定，时间表计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等等位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词，常与时间状语连用常与时间状语连用Thetrainleavesat6tomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsin2minutes.clo
9、sesl4.在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。lThere goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.现在进行时现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense)2)表示目前表示目前这段时间这段时间内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。但说话时动作未必正在进行。We_(have)Englishclassnow.arehavingShe_(learn)pianounderMr.Smithatpresent.islearnin
10、g1)表示现在表示现在这个时刻这个时刻(指说话时指说话时)正在发生的事正在发生的事情。情。l Translate the sentence.l这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.进行时态与进行时态与always,often/usually/frequently/constantly/allthetime等频度副词等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩感情色彩.3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于多用于位移位移/终止
11、性动词终止性动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,takeoff.I_(leave)tomorrow._you_(stay)heretillnextweek?amleavingArestayingl4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。情。lIts late Autumn.The weather is getting colder and colder.Correct the sentence.lAll the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School._be
12、longl(1)表心理状态、情感的动词表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。l(2)表存在的状态动词表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。l(3)瞬间动词瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。l(4)感官动词感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。【
13、注意注意】一般情况下，下面一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：类动词无进行时态：Tips：l现在进行时的标志：现在进行时的标志：lNow,right now,at this moment,look,listenl 暂时性动作和永久性动作暂时性动作和永久性动作 She is living in the country.l 她现在住在农村。（暂时）她现在住在农村。（暂时）She lives in the country.l她住在农村。（永久）她住在农村。（永久）l 有感情色彩和没有感情色彩有感情色彩和没有感情色彩 He is doing well at school.l 他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）
14、他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）He does well at school.l他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）现在进行时和一般现在时的比较现在进行时和一般现在时的比较 l暂时性动作和经常性动作暂时性动作和经常性动作l The computer is working perfectly.l计算机运转得很好。（暂时）计算机运转得很好。（暂时）The computer works perfectly.l计算机运转很好。（一直如此）计算机运转很好。（一直如此）l 持续性动作和短暂性动作持续性动作和短暂性动作l The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）车停了
15、下来。（渐渐地）The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）车停了。（迅速）l3This machine _.It hasnt worked for years.(2006浙江卷浙江卷)l A.didnt work B.wasnt workinglC.doesnt work D.isnt workingl2.Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?l Yes,I have.I guess it _ now.2007 辽宁卷辽宁卷 l A.has graded B.is graded l C.is being graded D.is grading现在完成时
16、现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense)1).现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态,通常用于通常用于延续性动词延续性动词.常与表一段时间的状语连用常与表一段时间的状语连用,如如:sofar,upto/tillnow,lately/recently,in/during/overthelast/past,since,for等等He_(live)inGuiyangoverthepast6years.haslived202).表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间
17、状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，manytimes等等.We_(finish)ourlunchalready._youever_(try)thismethod?havefinishedHavetried21注意：注意：Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（错）（错）Ihaventreceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.（对）（对）非延续性非延续性/瞬间瞬间/终止性动词终止性动词的否定形式可以的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成
18、时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。如：如：begin/start,find,see,marry,buy，borrow,return,die,get等。等。22Lets practice1.Daniel _(live)in Beijing since he came to China.2.The boys are tired.They _(just play)a ball game.3.I went to Egypt in 1986.Then in 2004 I went there again.I _(be)to Egypt twice.has lived
19、have just playedhave been23since和和for 填空since+_,用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。用来说明动作延续时间。Ihavelivedhere_atleasttwentyyears.Ihavelivedhere_Iwasborn.时间点时间点时间段时间段forsince24 固定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型：1).It is(has been)+一段时间+since-clause.2)This(That/It)is the first(second)time+that-clause (现在完成时).3)This(Tha
20、t/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +that-clause（现在完成时）.Tips:25 Multiplechoice -Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.paintedB.had painted C.have been paintingD.have paintedNow that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to school,but she _ yet.A had considered,hadnt d
21、ecided B has been considering,hasnt decided C considered,didnt decide D is going to consider,wont decideCB26现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示表示从过去开始的一个动从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行从过去到现在一直在进行”。其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的语境决定。27 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作从过去开始，但现在完成时可表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。现在
22、完成时和现在完成进行时的对比：28_past&pastpastnowfuture_past&pastpastnowfuturePPT:havedonehavebeendoingPPCT29Li Jia _ (read)a book about Stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)Li Jia _(read)a book about Stonehenge.(She is still reading the book.)hasreadhasbeenreading30一般过去时一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.表过去发生了的动作或
23、存在的状态。表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如常与表过去的时间连用。如yesterday,last,ago,in,then,justnow,theotherday等。等。I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriendsinthecountrysideseveralyearsago.spent注意：注意：l2.表示说话人始料未及的事情，要用一般过去时。lI didnt know it was you.lI never expect you would bring me a gift.高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-Nancyisnotco
24、mingtonight.-Butshe_!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.A.marriedB.didntmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry说明说明：until 修饰的动词必须是修饰的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词并且为并且为肯定形式，肯定形式，表示该动作一直持续到表示该动作一直持续到until后的时间为止后的时间为止；终止性动词；终止性动词只能用在只能用在否定句否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。BB3.-Yo
25、uhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsay D.didntsay4.Ithinkthefilmwasinteresting,butitisnt._Dthought(1)Duringthesummerof2010she_(travel)inEurope.wastraveling过去进行时过去进行时 The past continuous tense规则规则
26、1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作频繁发生的动作.(3)I_(wonder)ifyoucouldgivemealift.waswondering规则规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.(2)ImetDianawhileI_(shop)thismorning.规规则则2：某某一一动动作作发发生生时时另另一一动动作作正正在在发发生生，常常用于由用于由when/while,as引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中.wasshopping仅限于仅限于wonder，want,hope等，用于提出请求。等，用于提出请求。5.
27、Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.readwasfallingB.wasreadingfellC.wasreadingwasfallingD.readfell说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动作用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。B7.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasntevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.
28、cries,haslost8.Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgoneBD过去完成时过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense)表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。发生的事情或存在的状态。规则规则规则规则1 1：在：在：在：在byby,byby thethe endend,byby thethe timetime,untiluntil,befor
29、ebefore后接表示过去某一时间或动作，其（主句）谓语后接表示过去某一时间或动作，其（主句）谓语后接表示过去某一时间或动作，其（主句）谓语后接表示过去某一时间或动作，其（主句）谓语动词则表示在这一时刻或动作之前动词则表示在这一时刻或动作之前动词则表示在这一时刻或动作之前动词则表示在这一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即已经完成了的动作，即已经完成了的动作，即已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去过去的过去过去的过去”,用过去完成时。用过去完成时。用过去完成时。用过去完成时。lBytheendoflastmonthwehaveviewedscoresofwebsites._hadWearr
30、ivedearlierthanwe_(expect).hadexpected/expectedto规则规则2：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。常用常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(that/todo)或用或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto(havedone)。lTheyhadbeenlearningabroadfor6yearstilllastmonth.lBob_(serve)int
31、hearmybeforehebecameajournalist.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时Thepastperfectcontinuoustense结构：结构：hadbeen+v-ing表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的事情。表示过去某个时间或动作之前一直进行的事情。hadbeenservingTheemployer_(interview)alltheemployeesnextWednesday.ProfessorSmith_(lecture)onmoderndramatonight.The dark clouds is/was gathering.There_(be)astorm.wil
32、linterview一般一般(过去过去)将来时将来时(TheSimple/PastFutureTense)表示表示(过去过去)将来将来/要发生的动作或存在的状态。要发生的动作或存在的状态。1.will/would+v.isgoingtolecture表表(过去过去)计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。2.am/is/are(was/were)goingto+v.is/wasgoingtobelTheywillsay/saidgoodbye,littleknowingthey_never_(meet)again.lHe_(apologize)tomewhensom
33、eonegaveasuddenblowonhisshoulder.will(would)/are(were)meet/tomeet3.am/is/are(was/were)todosth.表按计划、安表按计划、安排排(过去过去)即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等禁止、可能性等.wasabouttoapologize4.am/is/are(was/were)abouttodosth.(when)“正正/就要做某事就要做某事”（不与具体时间连用）（不与具体时间连用）lI_(enjoy)thebeautifulsunshinebathinFlori
34、dathisweekend.lWe_(accomplish)theservicetaskinthiscommunitybeforenextSaturday.willbeenjoying将来进行时将来进行时TheFutureContinousTense表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。willbe+v-ingwillhaveaccomplished将来完成时将来完成时TheFuturePerfectTense表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。willhave+v.pp状语从句中的时态状语从句中的时态l1.-Can I join the club
35、,Dad?l -You can when you _ a bit older.l A.get B.will getlC.are gettingD.will have gotl2.In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they _.l A.have survivedB.are to survivel C.would surviveD.will surviveABl3.TheWTOcantliveuptoitsnameunlessitwillincludeacountrythatishometoone-fifthofm
36、ankind._l4.Japanwillneverberecovered/restoredevenifitwillreturnDiaoyuIslandstoChina._5.Theharderyouwillstudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget._doesdoeswill含有状语从句的主从复合句时态含有状语从句的主从复合句时态主将从现主将从现。其它主从复合句中时态的呼应其它主从复合句中时态的呼应l1.I dont think _.l他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。l2.The Whites expected _Tonny 能出国深造。能出国深造
37、。hewillpass(passed)thedrivingtestTonnycouldstudyfurtherabroad主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任何主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任何时态；主句为过去时，（宾语）从句跟相应时态；主句为过去时，（宾语）从句跟相应的过去时态。的过去时态。3.Seetoit/Makesurethatyou_(be)notlateagain.4.Theydontcarewho_(take)chargeofsuchactivitynexttime.are在在makesure,seetoit,mind,care,matter后的后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现
38、在时代替一般将来时。宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时。takes1.LeaveitwithmeandI_whatIcando.A.seeB.seeingC.amseeing D.willsee2.Pleasegivebloodifyoucanorsomelives_.A.scareawayB.couldscareawayC.scaredawayD.toscareawayDB在祈使句在祈使句and/or/陈述句句型中，陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用陈述句中只能用will/情态动词动词原形。情态动词动词原形。Remember下列句型下列句型Itis(hasbeen)/was一段时间一段时
39、间since(did/haddone)This(That/It)is/wasthefirst(second)timethathave(has)done/haddoneThis(That/It)is/wastheonlythathave(has)done/haddoneThis(That/It)is/wasthebest/finest/mostinterestingthathave(has)done/haddoneWehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.l=Hardly/Scarcely_webeenseatedwhenthebusstarted.l=T
40、hebusstartedassoonaswewereseated.hadHardly/scarcely过去完成时过去完成时+when一般过去时一般过去时Nosooner过去完成时过去完成时+than一般过去时一般过去时1.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning2.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecaus
41、etechnology_sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechanged D.willchangeDA3._mysisterthreetimestodaybutherlinewasalways busy.A.IdphonedB.IvebeenphoningC.IvephonedD.IwasphoningC4.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduate
42、sD.istograduate5.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.A.willnotbe,willknowB.is,willknowC.willnotbe,knowD.is,knowCC6.By thetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_forLondontoattend a meeting.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.left7.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_officesoon.A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD
43、.hadleftCBRemember:by“到到为止，在为止，在以前以前”表时间其后句子用完成时态。表时间其后句子用完成时态。8.-Oh,itsyou!I_you.-IvejusthadmyhaircutandImwearingnewglasses.A.didntrecognizeB.hadntrecognizedC.haventrecognizedD.dontrecognize9.AThereportersaidthattheUFO_easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel
44、Al10.WhenIwasatcollegeI_threeforeignlanguages,butI_allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten11.-IhaventheardfromHenryforalongtime.-Whatdoyousuppose_tohim?A.washappeningB.tohappenC.hashappenedD.hadhappened12.Jack_apostmanforabo
45、utsixyears.A.hasbecomeB.hasturnedC.haschangedD.hasbeenBCD动词的语态动词的语态 (voices)(voices)动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp动词时态语态一览表动词时态语态一览表(以以do为例）为例）时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/aredoing现在完成时现在完成时hav
46、e/hasdone一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/weredoing过去完成时过去完成时haddone一般将来时一般将来时willdo将来完成时将来完成时willhavedoneam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone及物动词及物动词(vt.)有被动语态，不及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)或或短语无被动语态短语无被动语态.比较：比较：rise是不及物动词；是不及物动词；raise是
47、及物动词。是及物动词。Thepricehasbeenrisen.Thepricehasrisen.Thepricehasraised.Thepricehasbeenraised.Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)主动和被动主动和被动一、一、getdoneThepatientgottreatedonceaweek.Hegotinjuredwhilesearchingforthelostboyinthewoods.Trytoavoid_(受伤害）受伤害）whilebe
48、inginlovewithothers.gettinghurtCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.paying C.paidD.topayC59二、二、主动形式表被动意义主动形式表被动意义Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Theyogurtinthefridge_(已经变质）已经变质）.hasgonebad1.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,g
49、et,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。602.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等等主动表被动。主动表被动。Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主动表被动。主动表被动。Theequipmentinthecorner_(需要修理需要修理).requ
50、iresrepairing61AIfeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameWhodoyouthink_forthefailureoftheirmarriage?A.toblameB.tobeblameC.istoblameD.istobeblamed C62Nyloncleanseasily.Thismaterialhaswornthin.Yourpenwritessmoothly.Therecorderwontplay.(这种布耐洗。这种布耐