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1、EnglishBasicTenses(时态时态)&Voices(语态）语态）The Father and His SonFather:Youknow,Tom,whenLincoln_(be)yourage,he_(be)averygoodpupil.Infact,he_(be)thebestpupilinhisclass.Tom:Yes,Father.I_(know)that.Butwhenhe_(be)yourage,he_(be)PresidentoftheUnitedStates.waswaswaswaswasknowWho Is the Laziest?Father:Well,Tom,
2、Iaskedyourteachertoday,andnowIwanttoaskyouaquestion.Whoisthelaziestpersoninyourclass?Tom:Idontknow,Father.Father:Oh,yes,youdo!Think!Whentheotherboysandgirlsarereadingandwriting,whositsinclassandonlywatcheshowtheotherpeoplework?Tom:Ourteacher,father.中学英语的常见时态：中学英语的常见时态：do(第三人称单第三人称单数数does)动词过去式动词过去式d
3、idwill(shall)动词原形动词原形begoingto动词原形动词原形beaboutto动词原形动词原形beto动词原形动词原形would动词原形动词原形will(shall)be现在分词现在分词am(is,are)现在分词现在分词was(were)现在分词现在分词have(has)过去分词过去分词had过去分词过去分词have(has)been现在分词现在分词always,usually,often,sometimes,every.,twiceaweek等等yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday,last.,.ago等等tomorrow,
4、thedayaftertomorrow,next.,in.等等ateight(thistime)tomorrow等等时间状语时间状语now,duringthesedays,或或look,listen等引起注意的等引起注意的词语词语ateight(thistime)yesterday等等already,just,yet,since.,for.等等by.,before.等等for.,since.等等多用于间接引语的宾语从句中多用于间接引语的宾语从句中时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为时态为：一般现
5、在时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时过去将来时等等。2、时间、条件、让步时间、条件、让步等等状语从句状语从句中动词的时态；中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3、延续性动词延续性动词和和终止性动词终止性动词的用法区别。的用法区别。4、及物动词（及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。的被动语态。5、某些以、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。的用法。.一般现在时一般现在时(ThePresentI
6、ndefinite)1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如频率的时间状语连用，如always,often/usually/frequently,sometimes,every,at,onSundays/.动词的时态动词的时态（Tenses)Fillintheblanks.I_(study)hardabroadeverydayandI_(get)alongwellwithmyroommates,butsometimesI_(miss)myfamilies.studygetmissCorrectthesentence.Thegeogr
7、aphyteachertoldusthattheearthmovedaroundthesun._2)表客观事实、普遍真理。表客观事实、普遍真理。注意：注意：主语为第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）的人名、单个的事物名称）谓语动词谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.movesTheshopwillcloseat9:00p.m._3)表示按表示按计划、规定，时间表计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,一般用于一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leav
8、e,arrive,return等等位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词，常与时间状语连用常与时间状语连用Thetrainleavesat6tomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsin2minutes.closes4）.在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。在部分倒装句中，表示动作正在进行。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.5）表示主语的特征、性格、能力）表示主语的特征、性格、能力等等Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevere
9、atsany.MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.1.Not everyone (like)watching TV now.2.This pair of shoes (sell)well.3.The teacher told us the light (travel)at 300,000 kilometers a second.4.Bill and Tom are hard-working students.They never (leave)todays work for tomorrow.5.Ill tell him about it as soo
10、n as he (come)back.likessellstravelsleavecomes一般过去时一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如常与表过去的时间连用。如yesterday,last,ago,in,then,justnow,theotherday等。等。I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriendsinthecountrysideseveralyearsago.spent主要表示过去某特定时间发生的情况或动作He was here just
11、now.She suddenly fell ill yesterday2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态I wrote home once a week at college.When I was a child,I often played in the street1.1.At the end of the meeting,the headmasterAt the end of the meeting,the headmaster (give)us a(give)us a talk.talk.2.Listen!The radio says a serious accident 2
12、.Listen!The radio says a serious accident (happen)(happen)last night.last night.3.-Have you taken the medicine yet?3.-Have you taken the medicine yet?-Yes,I -Yes,I (take)just now.(take)just now.4.The rooms of library are clean.The boys 4.The rooms of library are clean.The boys (sweep)(sweep)them yes
13、terday.them yesterday.5.I was going home when I 5.I was going home when I (meet)an old friend.(meet)an old friend.gavegavehappenedhappenedtooktooksweptsweptmetmet高考题点击：高考题点击：1.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised2.Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.A.marriedB.di
14、dntmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry说明说明：until 修饰的动词必须是修饰的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词并且为并且为肯定形式，肯定形式，表示该动作一直持续到表示该动作一直持续到until后的时间为止后的时间为止；终止性动词；终止性动词只能用在只能用在否定句否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。BB3.-Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou
15、.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.wontsay D.didntsay4.Ithinkthefilmwasinteresting,butitisnt._DthoughtTheemployer_(interview)alltheemployeesnextWednesday.ProfessorSmith_(lecture)onmoderndramatonight.The dark clouds is/was gathering.There_(be)astorm.willinterview一般一般(过去过去)将来时将来时(TheSimple/PastFutureTense)表示表示(
16、过去过去)将来将来/要发生的动作或存在的状态。要发生的动作或存在的状态。1.will/would+v.isgoingtolecture表表(过去过去)计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。2.am/is/are(was/were)goingto+v.is/wasgoingtobeTheywillsay/saidgoodbye,littleknowingthey_never_(meet)again.He_(apologize)tomewhensomeonegaveasuddenblowonhisshoulder.will(would)/are(were)meet/t
17、omeet3.am/is/are(was/were)todosth.表按计划、安表按计划、安排排(过去过去)即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等禁止、可能性等.wasabouttoapologize4.am/is/are(was/were)abouttodosth.(when)“正正/就要做某事就要做某事”（不与具体时间连用）（不与具体时间连用）特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(T
18、he plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但没有will will,be going to),be going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”begin,fly,take”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。作。Ive won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.Ive won a holiday for two t
19、o Floria.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been 1.1.WeWe (remember)Lei Feng forever.(remember)Lei Feng forever.2.I dont know if she2.I dont know if she (reach)Caoyan(reach)Caoyan tomorrow.If shetomorrow.If she (got)here,Ill tell yo
20、u.(got)here,Ill tell you.3.She tells me she3.She tells me she (go)to London next week.(go)to London next week.4.The Browns have gone to Canada for holidays.4.The Browns have gone to Canada for holidays.They They (be)back in a month.(be)back in a month.5.-Would you please not spit on the floor?5.-Wou
21、ld you please not spit on the floor?-Sorry,I -Sorry,I (not do)it again.(not do)it again.willrememberwillrememberwillreachwillreachgetsgetswillgowillgowillbewillbewontdowontdo过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时1 1，表示从过去某时看，将要发生的动作，表示从过去某时看，将要发生的动作，表示从过去某时看，将要发生的动作，表示从过去某时看，将要发生的动作或状态。或状态。或状态。或状态。2 2，过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，即
22、：，过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，即：，过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，即：，过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，即：主句显示过去时态，宾语含有将来时间主句显示过去时态，宾语含有将来时间主句显示过去时态，宾语含有将来时间主句显示过去时态，宾语含有将来时间状语。状语。状语。状语。3 3，过去将来时的结构是：，过去将来时的结构是：，过去将来时的结构是：，过去将来时的结构是：would+would+动词原动词原动词原动词原形形形形/should+should+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形/was/weregoingtowas/weregoingto+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形1.-1.-Mum,Dad
23、called and said that heMum,Dad called and said that he (not be)(not be)at home for dinner.-Did he say why?at home for dinner.-Did he say why?2.She told me that she2.She told me that she (come)back as soon(come)back as soon as the meeting was over.as the meeting was over.3.Mary said that her family3.
24、Mary said that her family (visit)some(visit)some places the next week.places the next week.4.He said he4.He said he (come)today,but we havent(come)today,but we havent seen him yet.seen him yet.5.The captain said that he5.The captain said that he (stay)at the South(stay)at the South Pole for months n
25、ext year.Pole for months next year.wouldntbewouldntbewouldcomewouldcomewouldvisitwouldvisitwouldcomewouldcomewouldstaywouldstay现在进行时现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense)2)表示目前表示目前这段时间这段时间内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。但说话时动作未必正在进行。We_(have)Englishclassnow.arehavingShe_(learn)pianounderMr.Smithatpresent.is
26、learning1)表示现在表示现在这个时刻这个时刻(指说话时指说话时)正在发生的事正在发生的事情。情。Translatethesentence.这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.进行时态与进行时态与always,often/usually/frequently/constantly/allthetime等频度副词等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩感情色彩.3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于多用于位移位移/
27、终止性动词终止性动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,takeoff.I_(leave)tomorrow._you_(stay)heretillnextweek?amleavingArestaying4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。情。Its late Autumn.The weather is getting colder and colder.5 hope,want,wonder等词用于现在进行时更委婉。We are hoping you will get well soon.Correct the se
28、ntence.All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School._belong(1)表心理状态、情感的动词表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(2)表存在的状态动词表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)瞬间动词瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,compl
29、ete。(4)感官动词感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel摸起来摸起来/感觉起来感觉起来,smell,sound,taste,look看起来。看起来。【注意注意】一般情况下，下面一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：类动词无进行时态：Tips：现在进行时的标志：现在进行时的标志：Now,right now,at this moment,look,listenShowyourrightanswers!1.1.What terrible weather.ItWhat terrible weather.It (rain)all these(rain)all these days.days
30、.2.-Where is Jim?2.-Where is Jim?-He -He (mend)his bike in the yard.(mend)his bike in the yard.3.Dont make any noise.The Ss3.Dont make any noise.The Ss (take)the(take)the exam.exam.4.Which bus4.Which bus you you (wait)for,No.1 or(wait)for,No.1 or No.3?No.3?5.Look!Some children 5.Look!Some children (
31、step)on the grass.(step)on the grass.israiningisrainingismendingismendingaretakingaretakingarearewaitingwaitingaresteppingarestepping现在进行时和一般现在时的比较现在进行时和一般现在时的比较 暂时性动作和经常性动作暂时性动作和经常性动作Thecomputerisworkingperfectly.计算机运转得很好。（暂时，目前计算机运转得很好。（暂时，目前,此刻或者此此刻或者此3小时内）小时内）Thecomputerworksperfectly.计算机运转很好。（一
32、直如此）计算机运转很好。（一直如此）持续性动作和短暂性动作持续性动作和短暂性动作Thebusisstopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）车停了下来。（渐渐地）Thebusstops.车停了。（迅速）车停了。（迅速）暂时性动作和永久性动作暂时性动作和永久性动作Sheislivinginthecountry.她现在住在农村。（暂时）她现在住在农村。（暂时）Shelivesinthecountry.她住在农村。（永久）她住在农村。（永久）有感情色彩和没有感情色彩有感情色彩和没有感情色彩Heisdoingwellatschool.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）Hedoeswell
33、atschool.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）3Thismachine_.Ithasntworkedforyears.(2006浙江卷浙江卷)A.didntworkB.wasntworkingC.doesntworkD.isntworking2.Haveyouhandedinyourschoolworkyet?Yes,Ihave.Iguessit_now.2007辽宁辽宁卷卷A.hasgradedB.isgradedC.isbeinggradedD.isgrading(1)Duringthesummerof2010she_(travel)inEurope.was
34、traveling过去进行时过去进行时 The past continuous tense规则规则1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作频繁发生的动作.(3)I_(wonder)ifyoucouldgivemealift.waswondering规则规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.(2)ImetDianawhileI_(shop)thismorning.规规则则2：某某一一动动作作发发生生时时另另一一动动作作正正在在发发生生，常常用于由用于由when/while,as引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中.wass
35、hopping仅限于仅限于wonder，want,hope等，用于提出请求。等，用于提出请求。注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我今天上午我写写了了一封信。（信已写完）一封信。（信已写完）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上今天上午我午我在写在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）Comeon,
36、Friends!1.Mr Chen (talk)to my father when I got home yesterday afternoon.2.Mr Brown told us he (leave)there soon.3.The teacher (go)over the Sspapers at this time yesterday.4.While she (watch)TV,the bell rang.5.My parents (walk)on the street when the accident happened that day.wastalkingwastalkingwas
37、leavingwasleavingwasgoingwasgoingwaswatchingwaswatchingwerewalkingwerewalkingI_(enjoy)thebeautifulsunshinebathinFloridathisweekend.We_(accomplish)theservicetaskinthiscommunitybeforenextSaturday.willbeenjoying将来进行时将来进行时TheFutureContinousTense表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。willbe+v-ingwillhaveaccomplis
38、hed将来完成时将来完成时TheFuturePerfectTense表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。willhave+v.pp 将来进行时 练习表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如：如：Eg.1.This time tomorrow I _(fly)to Guangzhou.2.What _ at eight tomorrow morning?3.We _(watch)television at 7pm this evening.will be flyingwill you be doingwill be wat
39、ching现在完成时现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense)1).现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态现在的动作或状态,通常用于通常用于延续性动词延续性动词.常与表一段时间的状语连用常与表一段时间的状语连用,如如:sofar,upto/tillnow,lately/recently,in/during/overthelast/past,since,for等等He_(live)inGuiyangoverthepast6years.haslived2).表示过去的某一完成或者发生的动作对现在造表示过去的某一完成或者发生的动作对现
40、在造成的影响成的影响或结果或结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，manytimes等等.We_(finish)ourlunchalready._youever_(try)thismethod?havefinishedHavetriedLets practice1.Daniel _(live)in Beijing since he came to China.2.The boys are tired.They _(just play)a ball game.3.I went to Egypt in 1986.The
41、n in 2004 I went there again.I _(be)to Egypt twice.has livedhave just playedhave beensince和和for 填空since+_,用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。用来说明动作延续时间。Ihavelivedhere_atleasttwentyyears.Ihavelivedhere_Iwasborn.时间点时间点时间段时间段forsinceBemorecareful,youllgetfewermistakes!1.-Where are the twins?-I think
42、They (go)to Dafeng.2.There (be)many changes in Caoyan in the past 5 years.3.Jim (visit)the park twice since last month.4.So far,We (learn)about 6 hundred English words.5.She (not give)the CDs back to me yet.havegonehavegonehavebeenhavebeenhasvisitedhasvisitedhavelearnthavelearnthasntgivenhasntgiven3
43、)Thewindowisdirty.Iknow.It_forweeks.（2004全国卷）全国卷）A.hasntcleanedB.didntcleanC.wasntcleanedD.hasntbeencleaned注：由终止性动词注：由终止性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see等等构成的完成时不能与构成的完成时不能与for或或since引导的时间状语连引导的时间状语连用用。但这些。但这些终止性动词的否定式终止性动词的否定式可以与可以与for或或since短短语连用语连用。Eg.Iha
44、ventmethimfortwoyears.have been 与have gone 的用法比较 havebeento意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表，表示示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。havegoneto意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。havebeenin意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单 固定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型：1).It is(has been)+一段时间+since-clause.2)This(Tha
45、t/It)is the first(second)time+that-clause (现在完成时).3)This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting +that-clause（现在完成时）.Tips:1.现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去的动作过去的动作对对现在的影响现在的影响或表示或表示经经验。验。2.现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去续下去，常与，常与for或或since等短语连用。等短语连用。I_(graduate)in1999andinthatyearI_(begin)tote
46、achjuniorEnglishinamiddleschool.I_(teach)thereforsixyears.sixyearslater,I_(move)here.I_(teach)seniorEnglishinNo.2MiddleSchoolformorethan4yearseversincethen.graduatedbegantaughtmovedhavetaught/havebeenteaching1999now20054 years5 years7.Thelittlegirl_herheartoutbecauseshe_hertoybearandbelievedshewasnt
47、evergoingtofindit.A.hadcried,lostB.cried,hadlostC.hascried,haslostD.cries,haslost8.Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.Oh!Ithoughtthey_withoutme.AwentBaregoingChavegoneDhadgoneBD过去完成时过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense)表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。发生的事情或存在的状态。规则规则1：在：在by,
48、bytheend,bythetime,until,before后后接表示过去某一时间或动作，其（主句）谓语动词则表示接表示过去某一时间或动作，其（主句）谓语动词则表示在这一时刻或动作之前在这一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”,用过去完成时。用过去完成时。Bytheendoflastmonthwehaveviewedscoresofwebsites._hadWearrivedearlierthanwe_(expect).hadexpected/expectedto规则规则2：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承
49、诺等。常用常用hadhoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(that/todo)或用或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/plannedto(havedone)。To be an excellent student!1.I met my friend Tom in the street yesterday.I (not see)him for a long time.2.By last month we (made)100 cars.3.He remembered tha
50、t he (buy)the book,but he left it in the shop.4.The train (leave)when I got to the station last Sunday.I had to wait for the next.5.The film (begin)when I got to the cinema.hadnthadnt seenseenhadmadehadmadehadboughthadboughthadlefthadlefthadbegunhadbegun现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示表示从过去开始的一个动从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而