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1、 Unit EightDrug Discovery and Natural ProductsPart three vThis extraordinary comeback of natural products in drug discovery research is mainly due to the following factors:combinatorial chemistrys promise to fill drug development pipelines with de novo 新 的 synthetic small-molecular drug candidates i
2、s somewhat unsuccessful;v近几年，学术界以及一些制药公司都重新表现出从天然产物发现新药的兴趣。天然产物在药物发现研究中的快速回归主要取于以下因素：组合化学为药物开发管线大量提供新合成小分子候选药物的预期并未充分实现；vthe practical difficulties of natural product drug discovery are being overcome by advances in separation and identification technologies and in the speed and sensitivity of struc
3、ture elucidation and,finally,the unique and incomparable chemical diversity that natural products have to offer.v随着分离鉴定技术的快速发展以及结构测定技术的速度和灵敏度不断提高，基于天然产物的药物发现过程中的许多实际问题正被一一克服；天然产物所提供的结构独特性和多样性是其他策略无可比拟的。vMoreover,only a small fraction of the worlds biodiversity has ever been investigated for bioactiv
4、ity to date.vFor example,there are at least 250,000 species of higher plants that exist on this planet,but merely five to ten percent of these terrestrial plants have been investigated so far.v并且，到目前为止，我们仅仅研究了地球生物多样性样本中一小部的生物活性。v举例而言，地球上至少存在25000种高等植物，但目前只对5到10的陆生植物进行过研究。vIn addition,re-investigatio
5、n of previously investigated plants has continued to produce new bioactive compounds that have the potential for being developed as drugs.v另外，在对已研究过的植物进行重新研究的过程中，持续发现许多有可能开发成为药物的生物活性化合物。vWhile several biologically active compounds have been found in marine organisms,e.g.antimicrobial compound cephal
6、osporin C from marine organisms(Cephalosporium acremonium and Streptomyces spp.)and antiviral compounds such as avarol and avarone from marine sponges,e.g.Dysidea avara,research in this area is still at the starting point.v已在海洋生物中发现一些有生物活性的化合物，如从海洋生物(顶头孢菌和链霉菌属)得到的抗菌化合物头孢菌素C和从海绵体动物如贪婪屈海绵得到的抗病毒化合物阿瓦醇和阿瓦醌，在这些方面的研究目前还处于起步阶段。vThe following notes are the summary of the traditional as well as the modem drug discovery processes involving natural products.v下文总结了从天然产物发现药物的传统方法和现代方法